【Text】

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'

'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.

'What are you doing?' she asked.

'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

 

参考译文：

那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “

   “但我还在吃早饭, “我说.

“你在干什么?” 她问道.

“我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.

“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”

【New words and expression_rs】

until                    prep. 直到

outside                 adv. 外面

ring                     v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）

aunt                    n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母

repeat                  v. 重复

【课文讲解】

1、It was Sunday.

it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：

①指代事物或前面提到过的事物。例如：
What’s in the picture?．It\'s a cat．图画里是什么?是一只猫。
It\'s the wind shaking the door．是风刮得门响。
你曾经给过她许多帮助，她永远也不会忘记。
②指人。例如：
Who is it ? It\'s me. 是谁?是我。
③表示时间或季节。例如：
What day is today? It is Friday.今天星期几?今天星期五。
What is the date today? It\'s the third of May.今天几号?今天5月3号。
What season is it? It\'s autumn.现在是什么季节?是秋天。
④表示距离。例如：
How far is it from the school to your home? 从学校到你家多远?
It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那村庄20英里路。
⑤表示气候。例如：
It is cold today. 今天天气冷。
What was the weather like yesterday? It was fine. 昨天天气怎样?天气晴朗。
It often rains here in summer. 这里夏天时常下雨。
⑥表示情况。例如：
How is it going with you ? 你近来情况怎样?
Where does it hurt? 哪儿痛?

2、I never get up early on Sundays.

on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。

介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day

当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：

I’ll see you next/this Friday.

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)

I don't like her.=I never like her.

 

3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.

stay  vi.   be kept ; remain ,continue to be ; stop

     The shop stays open(keeps open) until ten at night. 这家商店一直营业至晚上１０点。

     It’s windy. My hair won’t stay(keep) down.风大案，我的头发被吹得乱乱的。

     Why did you stay(keep) away from school?你为什么不上学？

     My daughter stays out(doesn’t come back until) late every evening.我的女儿每晚在外面呆到很晚才回家

The doctor says I must stay in(=at home) for two or three days.医生说我得在家里带两三天。

They stayed up late(=didn’t go to bed) until I got back.他们一直等到我回来才睡觉。

    Will you stay for dinner?留下来吃晚饭好吗？

Which hotel did you stay at last time?上次你是住在哪家旅店的？

在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：

It’s time for bed now.

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.   你必须再卧床两天。

until  prep.直到

until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：

介词

I’ll wait here until 5.   我会在这里等到5点钟。

I watched TV until 9 o'clock last night. 昨晚我看电视一直到九点。

It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。

I'll wait for you until / till you come. 我将等到你来为止。

连词

He ran until he was breathless. 他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。

His father was alive until he came back.    直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.

在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：

（表动作、状态的继续）直到（另一动作或状态出现）之前。如果它与短暂性动词，如come, leave, arrive, stop, reach, start等搭配时，必须用“not...until”这种否定形式。

She cannot arrive until 6.  她到6点才能来。

His father didn't die until he came back.    直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night.  他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
He didn't have supper until 8 o'clock yesterday. 昨天他直到八点才吃晚饭。

Don't open the door until the car stops .车停了才能开门。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
They didn’t reach the station until after the train had left。直到火车开走之后，他们才到达车站。
I hadn't realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

注意：

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。　
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
　 ---Until when are you staying?　你呆到什么时候？
　 --- Until next Monday.　呆到下周一。　
Until when are you going to stay here？你在这儿要待到什么时候？

3）否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
Not until the film had begun did she arrive. 直到电影开始她才到。
(2)　It is not until… that…强调句

It was not until yesterday that I remembered it. 直到昨天我才记起这事。

It was not until I saw Margaret next morning that I felt happy. 直到我第二天早晨见到玛格丽特才感到高兴。

It was not until he told me that I knew it.直到他告诉我我才知道这件事。

It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.直到做完作业他才回家。

 

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.

just then: 就在那时

如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

ring(rang. rung)  v.(铃、电话等)响

① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)

I was making the bed when the telephone rang. 我在铺床时电话铃响了。

Every morning the clock rings at 6.

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当

② vt. 打电话给（美语中用call）

Your wife has rung you twice since lunch time. 午饭后你太太已给你来过两次电话了。
I'll ring you up as soon as they arrive. 他们一到我就给你打电话。

ring sb.   给某人打电话

ring in带电话联系

ring off挂断电话

ring up (英)打电话, (美)把款项打在现金收入记录机上, 在现金收入机上记录所付钱款

Please ring up the doctor. 请给医生打个电话。

Ring them up and tell them to hurry up. 给他们打个电话，让他们快一点。

Don't fail to ring me up. 不要忘记给我打电话。

③ n. （打）电话

give sb. a ring给……打电话

Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.

④ n. 戒指

 

Thumb  拇指

thumb 大姆指 index finger 食指 middle finger 中指 ring finger 无名指 little finger小拇指pinky 小指 nail 指甲

 

★aunt   n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)

男性则是uncle: 叔叔  舅舅   姨夫  姑父

他们的孩子：cousin  堂兄妹(不分男女)

cousin的孩子：nephew  外甥；niece  外甥女

 

5、I've just arrived by train,

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on

I go out by bus.

I go out in/on two buses.  （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）

Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

by air  乘飞机                 by bicycle/bike  骑自行车

by boat  乘船                    by bus  乘公共汽车

by car     乘小汽车            by land  由陆路

by plane 乘飞机                     by sea  由海路

by ship   乘船                    by train  乘火车

 

6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.

be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。常表示最近或较近的将来，所使用的动词多与移动、方向、启动等有关，如come, go, leave, stay, start, arrive，等构成的现在进行时，可表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。这些动词还可以和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, next week, next year等连用。

They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要动身去北京。
　　I'm going to the shops. 我打算去买东西。

I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I am taking my mum. 我赢得了到佛罗里达的双人游”“我打算带妈妈一起去。

When are you starting? 你们什么时候动身?

They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这儿。

Mr. Green is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.格林先生明天将去上海。

也可用于某些非转移动词。如：

What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?

My mother is buying me a bike soon. 我妈妈不久将给我买一辆自行车。

I’m meeting you after class. 课后我要找你。

 

7、Dear me!

天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!

美国人说 : My god!天哪！英国人说Dear me!或My dear!美国人说：My god!(o发啊的音）。

 

8.以what开头的感叹句结构为：What＋adj.＋n. +主语+谓语！主语和谓语经常被省略：

What an interesting play (it is)!多么有趣的一出戏！

如果没有形容词，则往往表示批评或不大好的意思：

What a thing to say!多么难听的话啊！

What a day!鬼天气！

感叹句结构如下：

1.How + 形容词 + 主语（the+n.) + 谓语(be)！
例：How big the house is!

How big the room is !这间房子多么大啊！

How clever he is!
2.How + 副词 + 主语（人）+ 谓语（实意动词的适当形式）！
例：How fast he runs!

How hard they are working in the field!他们在田里干得多起劲啊！
3.What a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语（it）+ 谓语（is）！
例：What a fine day it is today!

What a nice watch it is!它是多么漂亮的手表啊！

What an honest boy Jim is!
4.What + 形容词 + 名词（复数）+ 主语（they) + 谓语（are)!
例：What beautiful flowers they are!

What beautiful flowers they are!他们是多么漂亮的花呀！
5.What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语（it) + 谓语（is)!
例：What clear water it is!

What bad weather it is today!今天的天气太糟了！

 

感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。 

感叹句是一种表示强烈感情的句式，能表达喜悦、愤怒、悲哀、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏的思想感情。
What a beautiful flower it is! （表示赞赏）多漂亮的花啊！
What nonsense! （表示愤怒）胡说！
How strange they are! （表示惊奇）多奇妙呀！
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 
How +形容词+ a +名词+　　　　　　　陈述语序　　　 
How+形容词或副词+　　　　　　　　陈述语序 
What +名词+　　　　　　　　　　　　陈述语序 
What+a+形容词+名词+　　　　　　　陈述语序 
What+ 形容词+复数名词+　　　　　　 陈述语序 
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+　　　　　 陈述语序 

 

9. 'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

★Have breakfast吃早餐/吃早饭

What time do you have breakfast?

have lunch / supper

have dinner at half past six

Warren didn’t speak until he finished his meal. 直到吃完饭华伦才讲话。

Join us for lunch. 和我们一起吃饭吧。

He entertained friends at dinner. 他请朋友们吃饭。

He has a sweet tooth. 他爱吃甜食。

Please help yourself to some more cured meat. 请再吃点腊肉。

吃的翻译

吃苹果： eat an apple
吃喜酒： attend the wedding
吃药：   take medicine
年夜饭family reunion dinner   supper of Chinese new year's eve

★repeat  v. 重复

重复;重做;重说
The teacher asked him to repeat what he had said. 老师要他重复他所讲的话。

复述,背诵
Mary could repeat many poems from memory. 玛丽能背诵许多诗歌。

照着说;照着写
Please repeat the following sentence after me. 请跟我朗读下面这句子。

把(别人的话等)讲出去
She repeated what I had told her. 她把我对她说的话讲给别人听了。

repeat after sb跟某人朗读 

repeat oenself反复说   反复做

 

① vt. 重复

Will you repeat the last word?

They are repeating that wonderful play.

② vi. 重做，重说

Please repeat after me.

Don’t repeat.

 

10. I looked out of the window.

1．                The old lady was looking at him from head to foot.这位老妇人从头到脚的打量着他。

2．                I am looking at the blackboard, but I can’t see the words on it.[look主观的努力，see 客观的效果。]

look  vi.  表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词

see  vt.   表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语

watch  vt.表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西

3．                We looked at the children walk up the hill.望着孩子们上山。

4．                We must look at the question from all sides.我们必须从各方面来考虑这个问题。

5．                You must look at all the facts.你必须调查一切事实。

6．                To look at her(him,it), you would never guess that she was a university professor.从他外表看，你绝不会猜想到她是一位大学教授。[从他的外表判断]

7．                Don’t look away while I am taking your photograph.我替你拍照时，不要看别的地方。[把脸转过去，看别的地方]

8．                looked into Mary‘s eyes impolitely.无理的窥视着的眼睛。

9．                Have you looked into the book?箱子里边你看过了吗？

10．            His disappearance is being looked into by the police.他失踪一事警察正在调查。The manager will look into the matter at once.调查

11．            A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。

12．            Mr Smith looked from Mary to her sister.史密斯先生开看看马力，又看看她妹妹。

13．            If you look back to your youth, you will understand your son better.假如你回想一下你年轻的时候，你就会更了解你的儿子了。[look back to(upon)回顾，追想]

14．            Don’t look back; you will succeed.不要畏缩。你会成功的。

15．            look down from a plane看从…上望下

16．            look kindly at sb.和蔼的看

17．            look hard at死盯着

18．            look down on(upon)看轻视，蔑视，看不起/look down one’s nose at 轻视，瞧不起/turn up one’s nose(at…) 轻视，瞧不起

19．            Look sb. up and down 上下打量某人

20．            look sb. in the face直视某人得脸

21．            lose one’s looks失去美貌；容颜衰老

22．            Look from side to side左右环视

23．            Look before and after瞻前顾后

24．            Look far ahead into the future 展望未来=look into the future

25．            look back回顾；回忆to/upon；

26．            Look back at the past years回顾过去

27．            Look young for  one’s age看上去比实际上年轻

28．            look about 向四周看；四下环顾；察看情况；考虑处境和前途

29．            look around/round环顾，游览，转过头看，（事前）仔细考虑；

30．            look out 朝外看；留神，警惕，当心；挑选出； look out of从…向外看

31．            look out for 寻找，搜寻seek, search for；当心，留神，提防watch out for，照料，照看take care of