感悟自然、爱情与死亡

——美国意象派诗歌鼻祖艾米莉·狄金森

(Emily Dickinson)(1830～1886)

   

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美国抒情女诗人，意象派诗歌的先驱之一；被誉为美国现代派诗歌的鼻祖

    她生前写过一千七百多首无标题短诗（标题为出版时后人所加，一般为原诗的首句），当时不为人知，死后名声大噪。

    她诗风独特，近乎婉约，以文字细腻，感情真挚，意象突出，清新自然而著称。艺术风格倾向于微观，内省；多涉及自然、宗教、爱情、死亡与永生等题材；体现了朴素的自然美、新颖的意象美与不拘一格的音韵美。

    “美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森的文学声名在二十世纪经历了跌宕起伏的过程，从世纪初年的寂寂无闻到随后的评论如潮，转而被人们一致叫好。世纪中叶以后，被当作一名伟大诗人来研究。8O年代以后，她以近乎完美的形象进入了西方经典作家的行列。”——引自《二十世纪艾米莉·狄金森诗歌批评》。 

    朋友们可以看看此文，文章介绍了这位诗人被后来学者塑造出来的全过程。

http://s9/bmiddle/593fbe67gbbbdffba1d98&690Emily Dickinson Museum
 

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 在一百年以后，

没有人知道这个地方——

极度的痛苦，

命名了那里，

安宁如同静寂。

——摘自 Emily Dickinson 《After a hundred years》

 

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    1.I'm nobody！ Who are you？

    I'm nobody！ Who are you？

    Are you nobody， too？

    Then there's a pair of us - don't tell！

    They're banish us， you know！

    How dreary to be somebody！

    How public， like a frog

    To tell your name the livelong day

To an admiring bog！

 

    我是无名之辈！你是谁？

    我是无名之辈！你是谁？

    你也是无名之辈？

    那咱俩就成了一对－别出声！

    他们会把咱们排挤－要小心！

    多无聊－身为赫赫显要！

    多招摇－不过像只青蛙

    向一片仰慕的泥沼

整日里炫耀自己的名号！

 

2.After a hundred years

 

    After a hundred years

    Nobody knows the place，——

    Agony that enacted there，

    Motionless as peace.

    Weeds triumphant ranged，

    Strangers strolled and spelled

    At the lone orthography

    Of the elder dead.

    Winds of summer fields

    Recollect the way，——

    Instinct picking up the key

    Dropped by memory.

    

一百年以后

    在一百年以后，

    没有人知道这个地方——

    极度的痛苦，命名了那里，

    安宁如同静寂。

    杂草得意洋洋地蔓延，

    陌生的人们漫步，拼读

    那死亡接骨木的

    孤独正字表。

    夏日田地的风

    追忆起那条道路——

    直觉挖掘出那答案

    在记忆的点滴里。

   

3. Wild Nights-Wild Nights！

    Wild nights！ Wild nights！

    Were I with thee

    Wild nights should be

    Our luxury！

    Futile-the winds

    To a heart in port—

    Done with the compass-

    Done with the chart！

    Rowing in Eden-

    Ah， the sea！

    Might I but moor-To-night-

    In thee！

 

暴风雨夜-暴风雨夜

    暴风雨夜！暴风雨夜！

    我若和你同在一起，

    暴风雨夜就是

    豪奢的喜悦！

    风，无能为力——

    心，已在港内——

    罗盘，不必！

    海图，不必！

    泛舟在伊甸园——

    啊，海！

    但愿我能，今夜

    泊在你的水城！

（江枫 译，有点晦涩，很像软骨头文人郭沫若不通顺的诗风）

    

暴风雨夜——暴风雨夜！（另一个翻译版本）

    暴风雨夜——暴风雨夜！

    我若和你在一起

    暴风雨夜该是

    我们的欢娱！

    徒劳——这狂风——

    对着一颗泊港的心——

    不用罗盘——

    不用海图！

    荡浆伊甸园——

    啊， 大海！

    今夜——但愿我泊在

    你的胸怀里！

   （意译，很流畅和优美）

4. I never saw a moor

    I never saw a Moor——

    I never saw the Sea——

    Yet know I how the Heather looks

    And what a Billow be.

    I never spoke with God

    Nor visited in Heaven——

    Yet certain am I of the spot

    As if the Checks were given——

   

我从未看过荒原

    我从未看过荒原——

    我从未看过海洋——

    可我知道石楠的容貌

    和狂涛巨浪。

    我从未与上帝交谈

    也不曾拜访过天堂——

    可我好像已通过检查

    一定会到那个地方 。 （金舟 译）

   

5. Compensation

    For each ecstatic instant

    We must an anguish pay

    In keen and quivering ratio

    To the ecstasy.

    For each beloved hour

    Sharp pittances of years，

    Bitter contested farthings

    And coffers heaped with tears.

 

   补偿

    为每一个狂喜的瞬间

    我们必须偿以痛苦至极，

    刺痛和震颤

    正比于狂喜。

    为每一个可爱的时刻

    必偿以多年的微薄薪饷，

    辛酸争夺来的半分八厘

    和浸满泪水的钱箱。 （金舟 译）

   

6. I heard a fly buzz——when I died ——

    I heard a Fly buzz —— when I died ——

    The stillness in the Room

    Was like the stillness in the Air ——

    Between the Heaves of Sotrm ——

    The Eyes around —— had wrung when them dry ——

    And breaths were gathering firm

    For that last Onset  ——  when the King

    Be witnessed —— in the Room ——

    I willed my keepsakes  ——Signed away

    What portion of me be

    Assignable —— and then it was

    There interposed a Fly ——

    With Blue —— uncertain stumbling Buzz ——

    Between the light —— and me ——

    And the the windows failed ——and then

    I could not see to see ——

   

我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时

    我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声——当我死时

    房间里，一片沉寂

    就像空气突然平静下来——

    在风暴的间隙

    注视我的眼睛——泪水已经流尽—

    我的呼吸正渐渐变紧

    等待最后的时刻——上帝在房间里

    现身的时刻——降临

    我已经分掉了——关于我的

    所有可以分掉的

    东西——然后我就看见了

    一只苍蝇——

    蓝色的——微妙起伏的嗡嗡声

    在我——和光——之间

    然后窗户关闭——然后

    我眼前漆黑一片——

  

7.  How happy is the little Stone

    How happy is the little Stone

    That rambles in the Road alone，

    And doesn't care about Careers

    And Exigencies never fears ——

    Whose Coat of elemental Brown

    A passing Universe put on，

    And independent as the Sun

    Associates or glows alone

    Fulfilling absolute Decree

    In casual simplicity ——

    这颗小石何等幸福

    这颗小石何等幸福

    独自在路旁漫步

    它不汲汲于功名

    也从不为变故担心

    变幻的宇宙

    也得被它质朴的棕色外衣

    它独立不羁如太阳

    与众辉煌

    或独自闪光

    它顺应天意

    单纯

    一味自然

其他版本——

1、我从未看过荒原

我从未看过荒原--

我从未看过海洋--
可我知道石楠的容貌
和狂涛巨浪。

我从未与上帝交谈
也不曾拜访过天堂--
可我好像已通过检查
一定会到那个地方 。

 

I never saw a moor

 

I never saw a Moor--
I never saw the Sea--
Yet know I how the Heather looks
And what a Billow be.

I never spoke with God
Nor visited in Heaven--
Yet certain am I of the spot
As if the Checks were given--

2、云暗

 天低又复云暗，

飞过雪花一片。
穿越车辙马圈，
去留择决艰难。

谁人这样待风，
令其整天抱怨。
自然犹如我等，
时常没戴皇冠。

 

Beclouded

THE sky is low, the clouds are mean,
A travelling flake of snow
Across a barn or through a rut
Debates if it will go.

A narrow wind complains all day
How some one treated him;
Nature, like us, is sometimes caught
Without her diadem.

3、我是无名之辈! 你是谁?

 我是无名之辈! 你是谁?

你也是无名之辈吗?
那么我们为一对!
别说! 他们会传开去-- 你知道!
多无聊-- 是-- 某某名人!
多招摇-- 象个青蛙—
告诉你的名字 -- 漫长的六月—
给一片赞赏的沼泽!

 

I'M Nobody! Who are you?

 

I'M Nobody! Who are you?
Are you--Nobody--too?
Then there's a pair of us!
Dont tell! they'd advertise--you know!
How dreary--to be--Somebody!
How public--like a Frog--
To tell your name--the livelong June--
To an admiring Bog!

4、" 信念" 是个微妙的发明

 " 信念" 是个微妙的发明

当绅士们能看见的时候—
但显微镜却是谨慎的
在紧急的时候。

 

"Faith" is a fine invention

 

"FAITH" is a fine invention
When Gentlemen can see--
But Microsopes are prudent
In an Emergency.

5、逃亡

我一听说“ 逃亡”这个词
血液就加快奔流,
一个突然的期望,
一个想飞的冲动。

我从未听说敞开的监狱
被战士们攻陷,
但我幼稚的用力拖我的围栏–
只不过再失败!

 

Escape

 

I NEVER hear the word "escape"
Without a quicker blood,
A sudden expectation,
A flying attitude.
I never hear of prisons broad
by soldiers battered down,
But I tug childish at my bars--
Only to fail again!

6、希望 (254)

 " 希望" 是物长着羽毛

寄居在灵魂里，
唱着没有词的曲调，
绝无丝毫停息，

微风吹送最为甘甜
暴雨致痛无疑
能够使得小鸟不安
保有此多暖意。

听它越过奇妙大海
飞遍严寒田地
可它不要我面包屑
哪怕饥饿至极。

 

"Hope"

 

"HOPE" is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul，
And sings the tune without the words，
And never stops at all，

And sweetest in the gale is heard;
And sore must be the storm
That could abash the little bird
That kept so many warm.

I've heard it in the chillest land,
And on the strangest Sea;
Yet, never, in extremity,
It asked a crumb of Me.

Emily Dickinson (1861)

7、心先要求愉快 (536)

心先要求愉快
再要求免除疼痛；
其后，要那些小止痛片
来减轻苦痛；

然后，要求睡觉；
如它法官的愿望
而后应当是
要求去死的自由。

The heart asks pleasure first

The heart asks pleasure first,
And then, excuse from pain;
And then, those little anodynes
That deaden suffering;

And then, to go to sleep;
And then, if it should be
The will of its Inquisitor,
The liberty to die.

8、补偿

为每一个狂喜的瞬间
我们必须偿以痛苦至极，
刺痛和震颤
正比于狂喜。

为每一个可爱的时刻
必偿以多年的微薄薪饷，
辛酸争夺来的半分八厘
和浸满泪水的钱箱。

Compensation

For each ecstatic instant
We must an anguish pay
In keen and quivering ratio
To the ecstasy.

For each beloved hour
Sharp pittances of years,
Bitter contested farthings
And coffers heaped with tears.

9、战场

他们雪片般落下，他们流星般落下，
象一朵玫瑰花的花瓣纷纷落下，
当风的手指忽然间
穿划过六月初夏。

在眼睛不能发现的地方，--
他们凋零于不透缝隙的草丛；
但上帝摊开他无赦的名单
依然能传唤每一副面孔。

The Battlefield

They dropped like flakes, they dropped like stars,
Like petals from a rose,
When suddenly across the June
A wind with fingers goes.

They perished in the seamless grass, --
No eye could find the place;
But God on his repealless list
Can summon every face.

10、我没有时间憎恨

我没有时间憎恨，因为
坟墓会将我阻止，
而生命并非如此简单
能使我敌意终止。

我也没时间去爱，
仅因为必须有点勤奋，
我以为爱的那少许辛苦
对我已是足够莫大难忍。

I had no time to hate, because

I had no time to hate, because
The grave would hinder me,
And life was not so sample I
Could finish enmity.

Nor had I time to love, but since
Some industry must be,
The little toil of love, I thought,
Was large enough for me.

11、我的河儿流向你

我的河儿流向你—
蓝色的海! 会否欢迎我?
我的河儿待回响—
大海啊—样子亲切慈祥—
我将给你请来小溪
从弄污的角落里—
说呀—海—接纳我!

My River runs to thee—
Blue Sea! Wilt welcome me?
My River waits reply—
Oh sea—look graciously—
I’ll fetch thee Brooks
From spotted nooks—
Say—Sea—Take me!

12、我的朋友

我的朋友肯定是只鸟—
因为它飞翔!
我的朋友肯定是个人,
因它会死亡!
它有倒刺,象蜜蜂一样!
哦,古怪的朋友啊!
你使我迷茫!

My friend must be a Bird—
Because it flies!
Mortal, my friend must be,
Because it dies!
Barbs has it, like a Bee!
Ah, curious friend!
Thou puzzlest me!

13、天堂是个医生吗？

天堂是个医生吗？
他们说他能治病；
但死后的医药
是没有效用的。

天堂是国库吗？
他们谈及我们欠的债；
可是那谈判
我没参加。

Is Heaven a Physician?

Is Heaven a Physician?
They say that He can heal -
But Medicine Posthumous
Is unavailable -

Is Heaven an Exchequer?
They speak of what we owe -
But that negotiation
I’m not a Party to -

14、剧痛在于特征上

剧痛在于特征上
急切在于那迹象
告别的狂喜
称之为“死亡”

当去忍受成长
苦恼就因之遭遇
我知道许可已经给予
去与同类团聚

A throe upon the features -
A hurry in the breath -
An ecstasy of parting
Denominated “Death” -

An anguish at the mention
Which when to patience grown,
I’ve known permission given
To rejoin its own.

15、痛之神秘

痛有一个空白的元素；
不能够记起
当它开始，或如有一天
当它不是痛时。

它没有未来只有自己，
包含它无限的领地
它是过去，开明的去感知
新的痛的周期。

The Mystery of Pain

Pain has an element of blank;
It cannot recollect
When it began, or if there were
A day when it was not.

It has no future but itself,
Its infinite realms contain
Its past, enlightened to perceive
New periods of pain.

16、对人类而言太晚

对人类而言太晚
可对于上帝还早
创世，虚弱无力的帮助
可剩下的，我们还能够祈祷

当地上不能存在
天堂是何等美妙
那时，我们老邻居上帝的表情
会多么好客，殷勤，周到

It was too late for Man -
But early, yet for God -
Creation - impotent to help -
But Prayer - remained - Our Side -

How excellent the Heaven -
When Earth - cannot be had -
How hospitable - then - the face
Of our Old Neighbor God -

17、去天堂！

去天堂！

我不知何时-
请千万别问我怎样！
我实在太惊讶
想不出回答你！
去天堂！
多么黯淡悲凉！
可是必将做到
就象羊群夜晚一点回家
给牧羊人来关照！

也许你也正在去！
谁知道呢？
假若你要先到那里
就请为我保留一小块空间
靠近我失去的两位亲人-
那最小的“睡袍”对我会合适
和仅仅一点点“花冠”-
你知道当我们回家
我们不在意穿着

我很高兴我不信它
因它会停止我的呼吸-
而我愿意多看上一眼
这样一个稀奇古怪的尘世！
我很高兴他们信它
他们我再没有找到过
自从那伟大的秋天的午后
我在地底下离开他们。

Going to Heaven!
I don’t know when -
Pray do not ask me how!
Indeed I’m too astonished
To think of answering you!
Going to Heaven!
How dim it sounds!
And yet it will be done
As sure as flocks go home at night
Unto the Shepherd’s arm!

Perhaps you’re going too!
Who knows?
If you should get there first
Save just a little space for me
Close to the two I lost -
The smallest “Robe” will fit me
And just a bit of “Crown” -
For you know we do not mind our dress
When we are going home -

I’m glad I don’t believe it
For it would stop my breath -
And I’d like to look a little more
At such a curious Earth!
I’m glad they did believe it
Whom I have never found
Since the mighty Autumn afternoon
I left them in the ground.

18、谁是东方？

谁是东方？
金黄之人
他许是紫红之人
携带日出

谁是西方？
紫红之人
他许是金黄之人
载送日落

Who is the East?
The Yellow Man
Who may be Purple if He can
That carries in the Sun.

Who is the West?
The Purple Man
Who may be Yellow if He can
That lets Him out again.

19、它是个这样小的小船

它是个这样小的小船
东倒西歪下了港湾！
何等雄浑壮观的大海
吸引着它离远！

如此贪婪强烈的波浪
拍打着它离开海岸；
未曾猜到这庄严宏伟的风帆
我的手工小船还是迷失不见！

‘Twas such a little - little boat
That toddled down the bay!
‘Twas such a gallant - gallant sea
That beckoned it away!

‘Twas such a greedy - greedy wave
That licked it from the Coast -
Nor ever guessed the stately sails
My little craft was lost!

20、我信守我的誓言

我信守我的誓言。
我未曾被召唤-
死神没有通知我，
我带着我的玫瑰。
我再次发誓，
以每只神圣的蜜蜂-
以从山坡唤来的雏菊-
以来自小巷的食米鸟的名义。
花朵和我-
她的誓言和我的-
一定将再来一次。

I keep my pledge.
I was not called -
Death did not notice me.
I bring my Rose.
I plight again,
By every sainted Bee -
By Daisy called from hillside -
By Bobolink from lane.
Blossom and I -
Her oath, and mine -
Will surely come again.

21、天使

天使，在清晨时分
许在露中看到她们，
弯腰-采摘-微笑-飞翔-
难道这花蕾属于她们？

天使，当烈日如火
许在沙中看到她们
弯腰-采摘-微笑-飞翔-
她们带走的花儿已烤成干身。

Angels, in the early morning
May be seen the Dews among,
Stooping - plucking - smiling - flying -
Do the Buds to them belong?

Angels, when the sun is hottest
May be seen the sands among,
Stooping - plucking - smiling - flying -
Parched the flowers they bear along.

21、七月回答

七月回答
哪里是蜜蜂
哪里是红色
哪里是干草？

啊，七月说
哪里是种子
哪里是萌芽
我让你回答

不-五月说
示我白雪
示我钟铃
示我松鸦！

挑剔的松鸦
哪里是玉米
哪里是薄雾
哪里是芒刺？

这里，年说到。

Answer July -
Where is the Bee -
Where is the Blush -
Where is the Hay?

Ah, said July -
Where is the Seed -
Where is the Bud -
Where is the May -
Answer Thee - Me -

Nay - said the May -
Show me the Snow -
Show me the Bells -
Show me the Jay!

Quibbled the Jay -
Where be the Maize -
Where be the Haze -
Where be the Bur?
Here - said the year -

22、女士喂她的小鸟

女士喂她的小鸟
几乎毫无间隔
小鸟没有不同意
而是温顺地认可

鸿沟于这手和她之间
于无碎屑和在远方之间
昏晕, 轻轻地跌倒在
她黄皮肤的膝上, 怀着崇拜

The Lady feeds Her little Bird
At rarer intervals -
The little Bird would not dissent
But meekly recognize

The Gulf between the Hand and Her
And crumbless and afar
And fainting, on Her yellow Knee
Fall softly, and adore -

22、信念

丧失一个人的信念，
远大于失去一份地产；
因地产能够再置，
而信念无法重建。

信念可与生承继，
但却只有一次；
废止个单一条款做人
实乃乞丐赤贫。

To lose one’s faith—surpass
The loss of an Estate—
Because Estates can be
Replenished—faith cannot—

Inherited with Life—
Belief—but once—can be—
Annihilate a single clause—
And Being’s—Beggary—

23、多远至天堂?

多远至天堂?
其遥如死亡;
越过山与河,
不知路何方.

多远至地狱?
其遥如死亡;
多远左边坟,
地形学难量.

How far is it to Heaven?
As far as Death this way—
Of River or of Ridge beyond
Was no discovery.

How far is it to Hell?
As far as Death this way—
How far left hand the Sepulchre
Defies Topography.

24、我害怕拥有灵魂

我害怕拥有灵魂—
我害怕拥有肉身—
深奥的危险的财产—
拥有—没有选择的成分—

双倍资产—愉快限定继承的财产
给一个未想到的继承人—
一个永恒瞬间的君主
一个统辖新疆土的神

I am afraid to own a Body—
I am afraid to own a Soul—
Profound—precarious Property—
Possession, not optional—

Double estate—entailed at pleasure
Upon an unsuspecting Heir—
Duke in a moment of Deathlessness
And God, for a Frontier.

25、昨天是历史

昨天是历史,
它是如此久远—
昨天是诗歌—
它是哲学理念—

昨天是迷团—
哪里又是今天
而我们精明思索时
两者振翅飞远.

Yesterday is History,
‘Tis so far away—
Yesterday is Poetry—
‘Tis Philosophy—

Yesterday is mystery—
Where it is Today
While we shrewdly speculate
Flutter both away.

26、灰烬

灰烬代表有过火—
最灰的那堆使人敬畏
因死去的生物之缘故
它们曾在那片刻盘旋迂回—

火先以光的形式存在
然后则旺火强焰
唯有化学家能够透露
变成了什么碳酸盐。

Ashes

Ashes denote that Fire was—
Revere the Grayest Pile
For the Departed Creature’s sake
That hovered there awhile—

Fire exists the first in light
And then consolidates
Only the Chemist can disclose
Into what Carbonates.

27、他忘了—而我—却记得

他忘了—而我—却记得—
这是作为基督和彼得
许久以前的一件日常事物—
“温暖他们”以“圣殿之火”。

“你和他”—谈论“少女”？
“不”—彼得说，“那不是我—”
基督只是看着彼得—
对你—我岂能别有所做？

He forgot—and I—remembered (203)

He forgot—and I—remembered—
'Twas an everyday affair—
Long ago as Christ and Peter—
"Warmed them" at the "Temple fire."

"Thou wert with him"—quoth "the Damsel"?
"No"—said Peter, 'twasn't me—
Jesus merely "looked" at Peter—
Could I do aught else—to Thee?

28、他弱，而我强—于是

他弱，而我强—于是—
他让我带他走进—
我弱，而他强，于是—
我让他领我回家。

路不远—门就在附近—
天也不黑—由于他去了—
声不高—因他没说话—
那就是我想知道的一切。

白昼敲门—我们必须分别—
现在—没有人是最强的—
他努力了—而我也努力了—
尽管我们不曾做啥！

He was weak, and I was strong—then (190)

He was weak, and I was strong—then—
So He let me lead him in—
I was weak, and He was strong then—
So I let him lead me—Home.

'Twasn't far—the door was near—
'Twasn't dark—for He went—too—
'Twasn't loud, for He said nought—
That was all I cared to know.

Day knocked—and we must part—
Neither—was strongest—now—
He strove—and I strove—too—
We didn't do it—tho'!

29、因为我不能够停下等死

因为我不能够停下等死—
他为我停下友善和气—
四轮马车只载着我俩—
和不死。

我们慢慢驱车—他知道不急
而我也挥去了
我的工作和安逸，
缘他彬彬有礼—

我们经过学校，值课间休息
孩子们围成圆环—打逗游戏—
我们经过农田凝望五谷
我们经过落日—

确切地说—是他经过了我们—
那露水引来了冷颤寒气—
因我的女礼服—仅为纤细的薄纱织物
我的披肩—不过是绢网而已

我们暂停于一幢建筑物前
它看上去好似一片地面隆起—
那屋顶几乎看不见—
宛如飞檐装饰着大地—

自那以后—若干个世纪—
可还是感觉比那天短，
我的一次猜测到那马头
是朝向永恒之地—

Because I could not stop for Death

Because I could not stop for Death--
He kindly stopped for me--
The Carriage held but just Ourselves--
And Immortality.

We slowly drove--He knew no haste
And I had put away
My labor and my leisure too,
For His Civility--

We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess--in the Ring--
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain--
We passed the Setting Sun--

Or rather--He passed us--
The Dews drew quivering and chill--
For only Gossamer, my Gown--
My Tippet--only Tulle--

We paused before a House that seemed
A Swelling of the Ground--
The Roof was scarcely visible--
The Cornice--in the Ground--

Since then--'tis Centuries--and yet
Feels shorter than the Day
I first surmised the Horses' Heads
Were toward Eternity—

----By Emily Dickinson
(美 1830-1886)

                             ---------------------one of my favorites