第一种类型例题

Artland can produce 600 hats or 300bicyles, whereas Rayland can produce 1200 hats or 300 bicyles.

(1)  calculate the opportunity cost of a bicyle in Artland  

Opportunity cost

The answer is two hats.

从图形中我们看出对于生产自行车，Artland放弃的帽子少，所以Artland应该生产自行车。反之，对于生产帽子，Rayland放弃的自行车少，所以Rayland应该生产帽子。 (2) If the two countries specialize and trade, which country will import bicyles? Explain? Artland produces bicyles since Artland gives up less hats and Rayland produces hats since Rayland gives up less bicyles. Therefore, Rayland will import bicycles. 从上一问得之所以Rayland应该生产帽子，所以Rayland应该进口自行车。 (3) If the termsof trade are 5 hats for 1 bicyle, would trade be advantageous for each of thefollowing? A.Artland, B.Rayland A. Since Artlandwill produce bicycle and the trade condition is: 1 bicycle= 5 hats. We know without trade, 1 bicycle = 2 hats, and aftertrade, Artland uses 1 bicycle to get 3 more hats. Therefore, it is advantageous for Artland. Artland生产自行车，贸易条件是1辆自行车换5个帽子，没有贸易前1辆自行车换2个帽子，贸易使Artland用1辆自行车多换了3个帽子，因此贸易对Artland有利。 B. Since Raylandwill produce hat and the trade condition: 5 hats= 1 bicycle. We know without trade, Rayland uses 4 hats to get 1 bicycle , and after trade, Rayland uses 1 more hat to get 1 bicycle. Therefore, it is disadvantageous for Rayland. Rayland生产帽子，贸易条件是5个帽子换1辆自行车，没有贸易前4个帽子换1辆自行车，贸易后，Rayland多用1个帽子换了1辆自行车，因此贸易对Rayland不利。

第二种类型例题

The chart below shows the number of resource units that Gamma and Omega must use to produce one unit of food or one unit of     clothing .

Which of the following statements is true according to the chart 

below?

(a) Trade should take place, with Gamma specializing in clothing production and Omega specializing in food production.

(b) Trade should take place, with Gamma specializing in food 

production and Omega specializing in clothing production

(c) Each country should devote half of its resources to food 

production and half to clothing production and not trade.

(d) Since Omega can produce both food and clothing using fewer resources than Gamma, it cannot benefit from trade with  Gamma.

(e) Since Gamma can produce both food and clothing using fewer resources than Omega, it cannot benefit from trade with       Omega.

解答：Omega比Gamma绝对少的使用了资源，同时Omega

在做clothing  比Gamma相对少的使用了资源。因此这道题选B。

近年来这部分基本不考简答题。

至于解法，由于不需要写过程，解题思路不是唯一的，只要自己

能够想明白，回答正确就是可以的。

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