《傲慢与偏见》读后感

《前尘如风》老郑文集 卷五读书与评论

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    “没有爱情千万不要结婚。”--摘自《傲慢与偏见》

    我认为，简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》于2004年12月被英国BBC评为“十九世纪浪漫经典名著--名列榜首”和“世界上最值得读的书”是有其深刻的原因和必然性的。

    我们在生活中，在不经意间，都有着许多我们自己未能察觉的“傲慢与偏见”，而且我们都会为自己的“傲慢与偏见”付出代价。只要仔细观察、认真思考，就不难发现：原来我们曾无限崇尚的一些人远没有我们想象得那样高尚；而我们一直认为不好的一些人也远非我们所想象得那么坏...都是我们自己头脑中的“傲慢与偏见”在作怪。事实上，我们决不可小视在日常生活和工作中对人、对事所表现出的那种也许我们自己并未察觉的“傲慢与偏见”，因为它会左右我们的视线，妨碍我们对周围的人与事物的观察、了解与判断，从而导致我们形成许多偏激的观点，做出错误的决定。

    2002年英国BBC第四电台的“女性时间（Women’s Hour）”节目策划的一个“女性分水岭小説（Women’s Watershed Fiction）”的提名和票选活动，当时举办“女性分水岭小説评选”的主题为：“现代妇女能从当代新小説中得到心灵的慰藉，重审自己女性的社会角色，获得思想的共鸣吗？”历时两年之后在2004年12月8日落下帷幕，十九世纪浪漫经典名著，简-奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》名列榜首。其它入选的具有深远影响的著作也大多是古典名著。作家莫尼卡-阿丽（Monica Ali）提名《傲慢与偏见》的女主人公伊丽莎白-本内特，认爲她是本书夺魁的强项之一：“如果我们曾希望认同一个虚构人物，那肯定是伊丽莎白无疑。她机智、活泼、自信、判断力强而又是个容易犯错的人。她不仅仅是必须克服她的偏见，某种程度上，还有她的傲慢，才能完全理解达西。她受理智支配但又不免犯错。奥斯汀向我们展示的她的内在心理冲突，我们现在还会感到是如此剧烈和生动。”

    《傲慢与偏见》于1813年出版，是简·奥斯汀最早创作的作品，从某种程度来说，也是她最成熟的作品之一。简·奥斯汀出生在英国南部汉普郡一个乡村牧师家里，未进过正规学校，在家里由父母指导学习，终身未婚，四十二岁时与世长辞。奥斯汀十二三岁时就开始创作故事、戏剧和小说，自1796年，也就是她21岁时开始写这部小说，当时的题目是《第一印象》。小说的最初版本很可能以往来书信的形式写成。奥斯汀的父亲在1797年将手稿拿去出版，但出版公司却不予考虑。此外，自一八一一年至一八一八年她先后发表了《理智与感情》、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》、《爱玛》、《诺桑觉寺》和《劝导》等五部小说。1810年至1812年间，奥斯汀重写了《傲慢与偏见》。尽管这部小说的最初想法来自于一个21岁的姑娘，但最后的版本却体现了一个35岁女人多年来辛勤创作和修改所达到的成熟文笔和主题把握。《傲慢与偏见》，不仅是英国文苑的奇葩，也是世界文库的珍品，被英国著名小说家和戏剧家毛姆(W．S．Maugham，1874—1965)列为世界十大小说经典名著之一。 

    此外，许多读者，特别是女性读者在读完这部书后都认为“《傲慢与偏见》会使人感到作爲一个女人很自豪。”许多知名文学评论家也都认为：“《傲慢与偏见》是一部伟大的著作，是描写十九世纪的妇女如何塑造自己以适应当时的社交场合的经典故事。” 

    《傲慢与偏见》是一部描写爱情与婚姻的小说。这部小说以男女主人公达西和伊丽莎白由于傲慢和偏见而产生的爱情纠葛为线索，共写了四起姻缘，小说情节曲折，富有戏剧性，语言清新流畅，充满机智，是奥斯汀最受欢迎的一部小说。正如《傲慢与偏见》开宗明义的第一句话所幽默指出的：“一个家财万贯的单身汉，必定需要一位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。”奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》这部小说里主要写了四桩婚姻，最仔细审慎地剖析描述了绅士淑女恋爱求婚的全过程，并全面透彻地说明了她所谓的理想婚姻的各种基础。四条线在小说中错综复杂地交织在一起，“误会”百出，冲突迭起，疑窦丛生，时而扑朔迷离，时而山穷水尽，时而峰回路转，时而柳暗花明。加上作者那种幽默客观的描述、富于喜剧色彩的反讽手法，真叫人忍俊不禁，一旦开卷，就无法释手。

   《傲慢与偏见》的主要故事情节为：贝内特夫妇只生了五位千金小姐，没有儿子。由于没有男性继承人，根据英国当时的财产限嗣继承法，贝内特家的财产将要由贝内特先生的一位远房亲戚柯林斯先生来继承。五个女儿每人只能得到一千英镑的遗产。这样一来，她们将来的优裕生活就成了问题。于是贝内特太太就急不可待地要为五个成年女儿找到有钱有势的婆家。伊丽莎白是她的二女儿，不仅生得美貌出众，而且聪明过人。她在一次舞会上受到达西的怠慢，自尊心受到伤害，因而对达西产生了偏见。达西出身名门贵族，家财万贯，拥有一座巨大的庄园，每年净收入就超过一万英镑，而且他又生得身材优美，一表人才，因而自视甚高，目中无人，很是傲慢。后来他才发现伊丽莎白其实生得很美，机敏聪慧，举止优雅，开朗活泼，谈吐不俗，便对她产生了爱慕之情。但他觉得伊丽莎自家中没有多少财产，父亲虽是绅士，但非贵族；她的母亲和几个妹妹都谈吐粗俗，缺乏教养；她的亲戚们出身寒微，地位低下。因此，不想屈尊俯就，便把对伊丽莎白的爱深藏不露。而伊丽莎白觉得达西孤芳自赏，举止傲慢，出言不逊，看不起自己和家人，加上威克姆对达西造谣中伤，恶意挑拨，因而对达西深恶痛绝，偏见日深。后来达西终于控制不住自己的感情，向伊丽莎白求婚，但遭到伊丽莎白断然拒绝和怒斥。后来几经波折，达西检讨了自己的过去，改正了自己的傲慢态度，伊丽莎白也认识到自己对达西的偏见是虚荣心所致，当她了解到达西的真实品德和得知达西千方百计搭救了她的小妹时，她的偏见也随之冰释，并油然而生崇敬爱慕之情，误会终于消除，最后两人喜结良缘。这是《傲慢与偏见》中所描写的一桩迂回曲折波澜起伏的理想婚姻，是贯穿小说始终的主线。（其余三桩婚姻恕不详述，请读者自己去看吧）。   
    人，难免总是先入为主。书中的达西先生傲慢、无礼的样子早已深入伊丽莎白的头脑，再加上骗子韦翰利用了自己巧妙的奉承能力以及一付“讨人喜欢”的仪表，迷住了伊丽莎白，不停地为自己洗刷冤情、中伤达西。的确，韦翰长着一张英俊的面孔，表面上也装得非常“绅士”，这使伊丽莎白完全相信了韦翰的花言巧语，但这应该与伊丽莎白的年龄有直接关系，尽管她是家中最富理智的女儿，但毕竟年轻，还不具备透过表面看清一个人的本质的能力。此外，她太在乎在别人眼中的形象，担心别人把她看成是一个无知而虚荣、没有教养的女人，她希望未来的伴侣能在心灵上与之共鸣。她对个人品格的要求超过了对财富的要求，这一点是值得赞赏的，但她毕竟是在一个爱钱如命的母亲教育下长大的。对于这样一个母亲，她感到自卑，所以才会在面对韦翰的谎言时，盲目的相信那个“高高在上”的达西是个卑鄙的人，从而力求自己出现在他面前时自卑心得到解脱。幸运的是伊丽莎白最终并未被这些假象蒙住双眼。
    《傲慢与偏见》一书所告诉我们的最为深刻的道理是，“傲慢与偏见”不仅是书中男女主角爱情上的障碍，也是现实社会中人们相互之间交流、交往的最大障碍。由于每个人都会有缺陷，特别是心理上的缺陷，要想在一生中成就一番事业，无论是知识、修养、还是爱情、事业，都需要同自己心中的种种浅浮和“傲慢与偏见”做斗争，经过对各种“傲慢与偏见”反复的认识，慢慢由心灵克服各自弱点和缺陷从而走向开放、洒脱和自由。红尘滚滚，做人不易；人海茫茫，佳偶难求。只要我们坚持为人正直，心胸开阔，公平公正，不贪图一时之利，追求两心之和谐，那么在婚姻上就终能如愿以偿。人和人之间的相处也一样，难免会发生各种误解与摩擦，而这些误解与摩擦往往折射出自己品质中潜在的弱点或缺陷。要想与别人愉快地相处，首先要了解自己的缺点并加以克服；其次是理解别人的内心感受，如此一来，你会发现社会上每个人、每件事都有着美好、光明的一面，你会觉得常常感动--为别人的一个微笑、一点友好、或是一个帮助。

    让我们从现在开始，努力去除我们自身存在的“傲慢与偏见”，重新塑造心理健康的自我，以崭新的形象去面对世界吧！

    英国十九世纪著名史学家、诗人和政论家托马斯·马科莱称她为“写散文的莎士比亚”。奥斯汀在研究她所处的社会时，明显地表现出对当时社会的不满，正如她通过伊丽莎白的口所说的：“世事经历得越多，我就越发对这个世界不满。世人都是反复无常的，那种表面的优点或见识是很不可靠的。日复一日，我的这种信念更加坚定。”于是她就拿起反讽和喜剧这两种有力的艺术武器来批判那些不合理的传统道德观念和乡绅贵族阶层的保守人物，揭露他们的虚伪，嘲弄他们的愚蠢。正如她所说的：“我承认，愚蠢的行为、荒谬的事情、异想天开的古怪念头、前后矛盾的言行，都使我觉得好笑，只要有可能，我就要嘲笑它们。”她在《傲慢与偏见》中正是这样做的，而且取得了极大的成功。

    英国著名作家毛姆说：“我相信，广大的读者已经认定《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的杰作，我认为他们的评价是很中肯的。使一部作品成为经典名著的，不是评论家们的交口赞誉、教授们的阐述研究、用作学校里的教科书，而是使一代又一代的众多读者在阅读这部作品中得到的愉悦，受到启迪，深受教益。我个人认为，《傲慢与偏见》总体来说，是所有小说中最令人满意的一部作品。”该书的译者也认为，毛姆的这一看法不仅代表了学者专家们的权威评价，同时也是世界各国广大读者的一致心声。

    建议大家都能抽时间认真读一读《傲慢与偏见》这本小说。相信读完这部名著每个读者都会有意想不到的收获，更重要的是会使自己在处理人际关系方面做得更为客观和公正。（2005年2月6日）

英国BBC第四电台的“女性时间（Women’s Hour）”节目观众对《傲慢与偏见》的评论选。

（供学习英语的朋友参考）

Tell us what you think   
  
Felicity Barnaby
This is a book that can be read on so many layers, and is always a delight. Jane Austen effortlessly masters the technique of the novel.

Mrs.Pauline Craig
Pride & Prejudice is my most favourite book. I can read it over and over and never tire of it. It is my "desert island" book . It has everything one could ask for in a good book wit, passion, human weaknesses all acutely observed. I find it deeply satisfying in every way . It is of its' time and yet timeless.

Jan Bryan
Have justa put a copy of this away for my Granddaugher for Christmas, she fell in love with My copy but I cannot part with it, it always brings pleaseure not matter how many times I read it

Jill Pitkeathley
So entertaining and so wicked. Jane did not like her own mother much and it shows in her fiction. Mrs Bennet is a wonderful creation. Marriage is all to a Jane Austen heroine yet Jane herself turned down a proposal [ after accepting it at first she refused him in the morning] which would have made her mistress of a fine property. Why? Did her sister Cassandra persuade her to refuse? Was she afraid of 'conjugal duties'? She ceratinly feared childbirth. I have been endlessly fascinated by Jane's independent spirit and her ability to be happy as an unmarried woman ever since I first read Pride and Prejudice.

Monica Janssens
Pride and Prejudice is one of the first books in the history of literature to deal with development of character, both male and female. The book actually takes you through the process of trial and error through which Elizabeth, initially blinded by first impressions, through painful experience, reaches a wiser and more mature point of view about human nature. It shows us that we should never judge people on first acquaintance. For those of us still looking for Mr Right, Elizabeth is the epitomy of the strong-principled and lively yet utterly feminine spirit that will not compromise on the big things - kindness, integrity and deep love - when it comes to finding a soulmate. Until she finds him, she lives a life that speaks of who she is.

Didi
My all time favourite - I never tire of it. Its as relevant today as it was then. Jane Austen was brilliant with her characters - they are so clearly drawn. And my favourite characters are Eliza of course, and Mrs Bennet.

Helen Van Greuning
I first read this aged 11, a beautiful leather bound copy from my brother's then girlfriend now ex-wife. it is the book I most return to for comfort, enlightenment, joy tears and laughter at times of stress, readers block or illness. It has been the literary equivalent of a comfort blanket for 40 years and has never failed me. I can now share this joy with my adult daughter and just this week also with her oldest friend.

sonia rudolph
i first read this book when i was thirteen. i remember laughing out loud and being delighted with the wit and humour in it especially Mr Collins! Although i was young and perhaps some of the deeper meanings went over my head at that point, i recognised immediately a role model in Elizabeth Bennet. She was clever, shrewed, good natured, pretty and had a very strong mind of her own, able to stand up to others in her life and never bending her principles to please others. i loved it then and i still love it now. i am reading english at QM college london at the age of 34 and have read lots and lots of books about strong female characters but i have never found one to replace Elizabeth. For me she is and will continue to be my role model. (just wish i could find my own heir to marry- then £500 a year or so would get me a room of my own so i could spend time writing and then support my family by my succuss!

Iris Clapp
In most books where women dominate, their characters are better served when they are in the company of other women. They seem to laugh more, too! This comes across in Little Women, The Red Tent, The Color Purple and Pride and Prejudice. I love this book. I first read it when I was in my late teens and couldn't get over the humour. Mrs Bennet is a killer! More than that, it opened an interest in the history of women and marriage. While seen as a the ultimate goal in the 18th/19th centuries, marriage was very rarely happy-ever-after. The book which I think shows this to devastating effect is George Eliot's Daniel Deronda. Why isn't that on the list?

betty dell
A book I have read several times and each time I just loved the pace, the humour, the poignancy and most of all the flow of her language. A feminist well ahead of her time, just wonderful.

Anne Barker
When I first tried to read the novel, I was twelve, and too young to appreciate the humour. I wasn't 'made' to read it at school or at university, and didn't come back to it until I began my PhD at St Andrews on Women and Independence in the 19th Century novel. What a difference 12 years made. Suddenly, I thought it was brilliant. Both Elizabeth and Darcy have to come to 'know themselves'; their journeys are parallel in an odd way. A timeless, very funny, quite touching book.

Sarah Finneran
It is a great book because it appears so effortless, as with all Austen novels it is only with re-reading we see how clever it is. Of course, it is laugh out loud funny at times but it also teaches us important things, that we should be a little more generous in our judgments on other people and a lot less generous in our judgments on ourselves.

Kate King
I read this book, along with other Jane Austen novels, at 15 and I liked the fact that she obviously understood people so well and how she created her her leading ladies to be such eloquent, independent thinkers about ordinary things in life it's everyday womens lib. Elizabeth Bennet was a woman I could relate to, self aware and unwilling to conform but ultimately a feminine woman with feelings.

Sumaiya Matin Khan
The novel is indeed the best of all of Jane Austen's creations.I first read it in class seventh,abridged..and finally unabridged, and it left a deep impression on me.It talks about self-attainment of knowledge and how the main characters,Elizabeth and Mr.Darcy,acknowledge their mistakes and finally relinquish their dislike for each other.Jane Austen has shown that even her heroines are not totally perfect and have flaws in them,which they can gradually overcome by understanding certain conditions and things around them.

Rachael Earp
This book has inspired me in so many ways and is something that i go back to read and re-read time and time again! a true masterpeice

Louise McDonald
Even in the days before women could vote, they could still manipulate men to their liking!

Rosemary McDowell
I first read this book as an adult married woman and wished I had read it as a teen. It would have helped me to perhaps think more carefully before getting married at 19. Perhaps the deeper implications of the intricacies of male-female love relationships and the family pressures surrounding these would have been lost on my younger self, but it certainly couldn't have hurt. I would recommend it for young women of the 21st Century, too.

Emma Cottell
There are many great books, but this can be treasured at any age and is always relevant to women. In the Bennet sisters one can chose which one to identify with.