数词

[要点归纳]

数词包括基数词和序数词两大类。

一、基数词

1．1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。

2．13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。

3．20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。

4．十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：29—twenty-nine，97—ninety-seven。

5．百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：146—one hundred and forty-six, 408—four hundred and eight。

6．hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百万—eight million。

7．1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thousand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thousand）”表示“几十万”。如：2，510＝two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296＝eight-four thousand twohundred and ninety-six；274，350＝two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。

8．hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of＋复数名词”，如：数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of ／thousands of／millions of ＋复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。

9．基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力the girls'400-metre relay race。

10．句型：主语＋is ＋about（大约）／ over ＝more than（超过）／nearly（接近）＋具体数词＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：长江长6300公里。

The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long．

二、序数词

1．基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别：first，second，third，eight—eighth nine—ninth，five—fifth，twelve—twelfth，twen- ty—twentieth，forty—fortieth，twenty-five—twenty-fifth。

2．其余情况均在基数词后加th。如： six—sixth,  nineteen—nineteenth ,  hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
注意：序数词前常用定冠词 the .

三、数词的应用

1．钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。

①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如：现在是5点钟—It's five（o'clock）．②“几点过几分，≤30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05—five past seven；7：15—fifteen（a quar- ter）past seven；7：30—half past seven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用 60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40—twenty to eight；7：45—fifteen（a quarter）to eight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05—seven o five；7：15— seven fifteen。

2．编号的表示：①Lesson One ＝the first lesson第一课；②Bus No．3＝the No．3bus 3路公共汽车；但是表示住所时不用“No．”如：302房间—Room 302（读作：room three o two）；③如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；④电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633—three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 ⑤ a No 2 bus (一辆二路车) , the No 2 bus (那辆二路车) ; Bus Number Two (二路车) , a No 17 room on the second floor(三层的17房间).

3．年月日的表示：①年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999—nine- teen ninety-nine；1900—nineteen hundred； 2000—two thousand；1905—nineteen o five；②年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。

4．分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：1／3   one third，2／3  two thirds； 1／2  a（one）half， 1／4  one fourth或a（one）quarter，

3／4  three fourths或three quarters。

5．倍数的表达：一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词＋times。如：5倍five times。

四、特殊用法

1．数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long time．Four and two is six．What's two and three？

2．一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）one／an hour and a half ＝one and a half hours。

3．不定冠词用在序数词前表又一、再一。如：I've tried three times，let me try a fourth time．意为：我已经试过三次，让我再试一次吧。

[典型例题]

[例1] 选择填空 The big bed that he bought yesterday took up _____ of the room.

      A. three-fourth   B. three quarters   C. third-fourth   D. third fourth

(点拨：答案是B ， 这里考查的是分数的表示， 四分之三，可以说成three -fourths，也可以说成three quarters)

[例2] 选择填空 Peter , I need ______, where is the nearest bus stop, please?

A. a Number 3 bus   B. Number 3 bus   C. Bus Number 3   D. the bus number 3

（点拨：答案是A，这里他要表示的是3路车的任何一辆，所以用a Number 3 bus）

[例3] 选择填空 Prices have shot up ______ as they were two years ago.

A. twice as more   B. twice higher   C. half as many   D. twice as much

(点拨： 答案是D， 表示价格的高低用high & low，表示价格的上升用much，而且as…as 是同级比较，用形容词的原形)

[例4]选择填空   The pair of trousers is two size ______ for me.

A. too large   B. very large   C. larger    D. more large

(点拨： 答案是A 这里没有比较的意思，只是说明比我穿的大2号)

[例5] 选择填空 my elder brother is ______ than I .

A. older six years   B. six years elder   C. six years older   D. older by six years

(点拨： 答案是C， 这里的elder长的”，不能用在具体数字的后面,其他的选择项在语序上不对。)

[例6] 选择填空 About _____ of the teachers in our school____young people under thirty.

A. two –five…are   B. second-fifth…is   C. two- fifths…are   D. two-fifths…is

(点拨： 答案是C，第一条线是考查分数的表达，第二条线考查单复数)

[例7] 选择填空 The house you have bought is ______ mine.

A. as three time big as   B. three times the size of   C. three times the size than   D. as big as three times than

(点拨：答案是B， 这里考查倍数的表达，也可以说成 three times as big as )

[同步精练]

一． 用数词或数词词组填空填空：

1. There are ________ days in a week.

2. There are _______ months in a year.

3. There are usually _____ or _____ days in a month except ______. And there are usually ______ or ______ days in a year.

4. There are _______ seconds in a minute and ______ hours in one day.

5. There are _____ years in a century.

6. New Year’s day is ______ day of each year.

7. December is _____ month of a year.

8. Spring Festival is usually ______ or ______ month of the year.

9. ______ of May is Labour Day (劳动节).

10. _______ is Children’s Day.

11. The Chinese Communist Party was founded on ______.

12. ______ is Women’s Day.

13. _______ is Army Day.

14. The PRC was founded on ________.

15. Christmas Day is on ______ .

16. Saturday is the______ day of the week.

17. August is the _____ month in a year.

18. There are _______ seasons in a year. And spring is the ______ .

19. “M” is the _______ letter in the word “autumn”.

20. Twenty-six and fourteen is _______.

二． 选择填空

1． How much does it cost to build that bridge? Forty _______ dollars.
   A. million   B. millions   C. million of  D. millions of

2. --- How much money does she spend each week?

  A. half as much money as you    B. half money as much as you

  C. as half much money as you   D. as much half as you

3. ----It’s very cold here.
  ---- Yes, it is , you see it’s usually about _____ on the mountain than in the village .

   A. three degrees older   B. three degrees as cold   C. three degree the price   D. as cold three degrees

4. This coat costs about ______ of that one.

   A. twice price  B. the three times price   C. four times the price  D. the price five times

5.The factory produced _______ cars in 2002 as the year before

   A. as twice many  B. as many twice   C. twice as many   D. twice as

6. My brother and I went to the cinema last weekend but we weren’t able to get the s\tickets for ______.

   A. two of us  B. the two of us   C. the both of us   D neither of us

7. --- Is your school far from here? --- No, it’s just _______ walk.

   A. five minutes’  B. a five minutes’  C. five minute’s   D. five minutes

8. ---Where is your office? --- It’s ______.

   A. in the fifth floor   B. on the fifth floor  C. in the five floor  D. on the five floor

9. They are going to build a hotel _______ and the tallest in the city.

A.      150-metre high  B. 150 metre high  C. 150-metre-high  D.  150 metres high

10. The highest tree in our city is _____ 110 feet round .

A. as many as   B. as thick as   C. as much as   D. as high as

11. She got the first place in the international exams when she was just ________ .

   A. an 18-yers-old girl   B. a girl of 18  C. at the age of 18 years  D. an 18-year girl

12. This bottle was only ______ when I got it.

   A. as full as two fifths   B. full as two fifth  C. two fifths full  D. second fifth full

13. ---- How far is it from your hometown to your office?--- It’s about ______ bus ride.

   A. a eighteen hours’   B. a eighteen-hours   C. a eighteen-hours  D. an eighteen hours’

14. He will be back in ________.

  A. one day or two   B. one or two days  C. a day or two days   D. one point five day

15. He was born on ___________.

   A. February the 12^th , 2002    B. 2002,February the 12^th 
   C. the 12^th , February, 2002    D. 2002 of February the 12^th 

16. He has been here for ________.

A. two and a half months   B. two and half a months   C. two and the half months   D. two and a half month

17. He looked quite healthy though he was ______.

   A. in seventy   B. in his seventy   C. at seventies   D. at the age of seventy

18. China is _______ larger than the United States.

   A. one six  B. one sixth   C. one sixes  D. one sixths

19. Those potatoes are for ____-.

    A. we three   B. three us   C. three we   D. us three

20. Great changes have taken place here in the past _______.

   A. fifteenth years or so   B. fifteen year or so   C. or so fifteen years   D. fifteen years or so

21. She can’t do so much. She is only ______.

   A. a twelve years old girl  B. a twelve year’s old girl   C. a girl of twelfth  D. a girl of twelve

22. She believes that man can reach the other planet by ______.

   A. the year 2020   B. years 2020   C. 2020 year   D. 2020 the year

23. Mr Lee goes to help Mrs Black ________.

   A. once a month   B. a month once   C. a month once   D. one a month

24. Why not do it _____? Let me give you a helping hand this time, OK?

   A. second time  B. a second time   C. two time   D. the second time

25. Helen is ______ in her class.

   A. the second shortest   B. a second shortest   C. second shortest   D. two shorest

26. Mr Green married Lucy _______.

   A. in his thirties   B. in his thirty  C. in the thirties   D. in the thirty

27. Mr Black visits Chins almost _____.

   A. twice a year  B. a twice year   C. a year twice   D. a year two times

28. Look ! _______ are waiting for the singer over there.

   A. hundred people   B. hundreds people   C. hundred peoples   D. hundreds of people

29. As you know there are _____ in the world.

   A. thousand news reporters   B. thousands of news reporters  C. thousand  of news reporters  D. thousands news reporters

30. Light travels at about ______.

   A. 300000 kilometres a second    B. a second 3000000 kilometres

   C. every second 3000000 kilometres   D. 3000000 kilometres every second

三．运用数词方面的知识解答下列题目：

1．There are  _____ （365）days in a year． 

2．Look！There are _____ （成千上万的） stars in the sky．

3． _____ （2／3）of the students are girls in our class．

4．September is the _____  month of the year．

5．There are forty-six students in Class _____ （三班）．

6．December is the  _____ and last month of the year．

7．Ann received a lot of presents on her _____ birthday．The twelve-year-old girl felt very happy．

8．There are  _____ students in our class， twenty boys and twenty girls．

9．Our teacher often tells us that work must come _____  ．

10．At the beginning of the _____ （twenty） century，the world's population was about 1， 700 million．