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中考零距离――英语――词法――冠词
(2008-03-28 16:53:41)
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教育 |
分类： 中考零距离 |
冠词
[要点归纳]
一．英语中一共有三个冠词a, an, the . 其中a,an是不定冠词，是the 定冠词
二．不定冠词a 和an
①可指人或事物的某一种类。
如：He is a worker．（不是教师或其它）
Give me an orange， please．（不是梨或其它）
②可表示类别，以个体代替整体。
如：A horse runs faster than a dog．马比狗跑得快。
③可表示数量概念，有“一”的意思。
如：I have a watch．我有一块表。
Tom has an apple every morning．汤姆每天上午吃一个苹果。
④可表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。
如：once a month每月一次
⑤ 固定词组，如：a glass of，a piece of，a number of，give a talk，have a meeting，go for a walk，have a good time等。
⑥ a用在以辅音音素开头的单词（单数可数名词）前，遇到以元音音素开头的词（单数可数名词），那用An（an） 了。 以辅音字母开头的单词并不都是以辅音音素开头，以元音字母开头的单词也并不都是以元音音素开头，如：a useful animal中的u是元音字母，但它读／ju:／，以辅音音素开头，而an hour 中的hour尽管是以辅音字母h开头，但是hour 读作/au/,所以前面用an.
三．定冠词the 的用法
①特指某（些）人或物。
如：The man in the car is my father．汽车中的人是我父亲。
②特指谈话人双方都熟悉或都能看到的人或物，单数、复数名词以及不可数名词均可。
如：Listen to the teacher，please．请听老师讲。
How delicious the meat is！肉真香啊！
③用在表示世界上独一无二的事物名词，地球上的江河、山脉、湖泊、群岛、海洋等前
如：the Nile尼罗河，the Philippines菲律宾群岛，the Pacific太平洋，the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉等。
④在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻二人
如：the Zhangs姓张的一家人，the Greens格林夫妇，
⑤在某些形容词前，表示一类人。
如：
⑥ 序数词、形容词最高级、方位名词、乐器名词前
如 ：The Changjiang River is the longest in the world.长江是中国第一大河。
Of all the stars，the sun is the nearest to the earth．在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。
The sun rises in the east．太阳从东方升起。
He is playing the violin．他在弹钢琴。
⑦ 某些固定短语中。
如： in the morning 在早上，by the way
⑧在第一次提到的单数可数名词前总是先用a或An（an），而再次提到这个名词时，其前就要用到the。
如：I have a pear and an apple．The pear is for you and the apple is for myself．我有一个梨和一个苹果，梨是给你的，苹果是给我自己的。
四．不用冠词的地方
① this，that，these，those，my，his，her等指示代词、物主代词以及Tom 's等名词所有格来一起修饰某个（某些）名词。
如：this pen 是正确的，而this a pen 或the this pen 都是错误的
my bag是正确的，而my the ／a bag是错误的。
②固定短语 ”。如：at noon, at first, by bus, in bed, go to bed, at table等。
③在节日、日期、月份、季节、三餐、球类名词前 。
如：in autumn，on Sunday ，in Spring，on Teachers' Day ，have lunch ，play football等。
④“专有名词＋普通名词”构成的路名、街名、公园等名词前
如： Guangming Road光明路，Beihai Park北海公园
⑤ 不能用在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前
如：Mr Smith is a teacher。是正确的。而A ／The Mr Smith is a teacher．是错误的。
[典型例题]
１． _____ book on the desk
is
２． He often says
（点拨：答案是 Ｃ
３．We can't see
（点拨：答案是 Ｃ 太阳是独一无二的事物，所以前面加the, at night 是固定词组，不用the ）
—Two．Ours is one of them，and
（点拨： 答案是 Ｂ，两个事物在表述是我们用固定词组 one…the other）
５．Jim likes to play
（点拨：答案是 Ａ，踢球前不用the，后面一条线的在校队里是特指，需要用the ）
[同步精练]
选择最佳答案
1.I’ll keep ______ eye on the baby when she is away.
A.
2.Mother does most of the ______ at home.
3. Yesterday I went to ______ town on foot.
4. ________ night , a stranger knocked at the door.
5. English is ________ useful tool.
6. What ________ lovely weather it is!
7. What is ______ Chinese
8. Mary is fond of watching ________ while Helen is interested in drawing.
9. These cakes are made of ________ rice
10. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ________ third try.
11. Your uncle must have ________ X-exam.
12. You will find the story on ________ eighth page.
13. The sun gives us light during ________ day.
A. a
14. He is going to London by _______ sea.
15. We shall visit your hometown in ______
16. I came here in ________ autumn of 1998.
A.
17. The bear was shot in ________ head.
18. Tom likes playing ________ football, while I like playing _____ piano .
19. You’ll find _____ girl in red. She is _______ nurse.
20. _______ Chinese people are _____ hardworking people.
21. After _______ quick breakfast I hurried to _______ school.
22. They say Mr Green is ______richest man in _______ town.
A, /…/
23. It is known to all that ______ water boils at 100℃.
A. the
24. I like _______ history. I am learning ______ history in China.
A. the…/
25. It’s _______ pleasure to see ________ sun rising in ______ world.
26．It takes us
27．Where are the students？Are they in
28.
29.
30. —What colour is
31. They went to ________ Green’s and stayed there for half ______ month.
A. /…an
32. Now he is ______ artist. I have known him since he was ______ one-year-old baby.
A. a…an
33. ________ knowledge is ________ strength （力量）.
A. /…/
34. May I have ______word with him?
A. a
35. We saw _____ streets were covered with ______snow.
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