宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。

及物动词后面必须跟宾语。有些动词后面常跟双宾语或复合宾语，复合宾语也就是宾补结构。

1.后面常跟双宾语结构的及物动词

Accord, bring, buy, deny, grant, promise, pass, pay, hand, leave, teach, tell, throw, wish, write, owe, send, show, return, offer, lend, refuse, take, …

He wrote his mother a check  他给母亲开了一张支票。

The general granted us permission to visit the military base 将军准许我们参观那个军事基地

I have promised Susan the book by Monday 我己经答应周一前给苏珊那本书。

His friends accorded Tom their sincere thanks 他的朋友们对汤姆表示了诚挚的谢意。

注：1、双宾语结构经常可以引入介词to或for把间宾引出保留直宾而变成单宾语结构。用to表示动作对谁而做，间宾是实际承受者；用for表示动作为谁而做，间宾是预定承受者。

用to的动词：allow, bring, cause, give, sell, hand, lend, show, offer, owe, pass, promise, pay,  read, refuse, return, teach, throw, tell, throw, send, take等

用for的动词：book, build, buy, call, choose, cook（bake, boil, fry）, fetch, find, keep, make, find, order, save, spare等  

 

2.后面带复合宾语，也就是宾补结构的及物动词

1）宾语+名词构成的宾补结构

Appoint, call, choose, designate, elect, count, name, crown, find, leave, keep, consider, nominate等等

They crowned him king   他们立他为国王。

We appointed him president of the club   我们任命他为俱乐部主席。

I considered him a genius 我认为他是个天才。

We elected John chairman 我们选约翰做主席。

We found her a very suitable person for the job  我们发现她很适合做这项工作。

You must keep it a secret.   你必须对这点保密。

We nominated him a member of the council   我们提名他为委员会的委员。

2）宾语+形容词构成的宾补结构

Believe, consider, drive, dye, fancy, find, get, imagine, leave, get, paint, colour, think, like, prove, turn, suppose, wish, pronounce, see, want等

I believe him honest  我相信他是诚实的。

Why don’t you dye it deep blue？为什么不把它染成深蓝色？

They fancy themselves clever   他们自以为很聪明。

He pronounced the result excellent  他宣布结果极好

Fear turned her pale  恐惧使她脸色苍白。

Do you like your tea weak or strong？你喜欢你的茶淡一点还是浓一点？

You have left the door open你一直让门开着。

His job drove him so tired  他的工作让他很累。

I wish you successful   我希望你成功。

3）宾语+不带to的不定式构成的宾补结构

这类动词是感官性动词和使役性动词: feel, see, look at, watch, notice, glance, glimpse, hear, listen to, observe, watch, perceive。使役性动词指have， make和let

She looked at the dog jump她看着这条狗跳来跳去。

Did you see anyone come in？你看到有人进来了吗？

I noticed him prowl around  我注意到他在周围徘徊。

We heard her come downstairs  我们听见她下楼了。

I felt something crawl up my arm  我感到有东西爬到我的胳膊上了。

It was enough to make one weep 这足以使人落泪。

I didn’t play；I only watched the others play  我没有玩，只是看着别人玩。

注：以上动词用于被动语态时，不定式必须带to

She was heard to sing in the next room有人听到她在隔壁房间唱歌了。

4）宾语+带to的不定式构成的宾补结构

Announce, ask, assert, assume, beg, expect, consider, command, count, choose, declare, intend, judge, ,deem, desire, dislike, like, love, prefer, want, suffer, think, wish, hold, pray,  implore, suffer, report, pronounce, permit, order, persuade, get

I implored the king to have mercy  我乞求国王开恩。

I hate you to say vulgar words  我讨厌你说这些粗话。

I got them help me  我让他们帮助我。

I pray you to be careful  我求你小心点。

They reported a star to have appeared in the east他们报告一颗星已在东方出现。

His wife disliked him to be a smoker他的妻子不喜欢他抽烟。

The prince desired her to be his queen  王子希望她能成为自己的王后。

5）宾语+现在分词构成的宾补结构

Catch, find, keep, get, leave, send, set还有感官性动词和使役性动词

The report of the rifles sent the birds flying round the place  枪声使鸟儿绕着那个地方乱飞。

Your words set me thinking他的话引起了我的思考。

Don’t keep the line waiting long不要让排队的人就等了。

I found my headache coming on  我感到我的头痛又要发作了。

I caught a boy climbing over the wall  我捉到了一个孩子在翻墙。

Who has left the water running  谁让水一直流着呢？

6）宾语+过去分词构成的宾补结构

Allow, behold, expect, wish, fancy, feel, get, imagine, remember, request, permit, depict, fancy, conceive, consider, prefer, require, urge, want, picture, like, 还有使役性动词和感官性动词等

Everyone considered it greatly improved大家都认为这点有了很大的改善。

We must get everything straightened out我们必须把一切弄清楚。

Embarrassed，they kept their eyes studiously turned away他们感到困窘，故意把视线转向别处。

I prefer the eggs boiled   我喜欢吃煮鸡蛋。

You don’t want him caught，do you？你不想让他被捕，是吧？

I felt a great weight taken off my mind  我感到心中的块垒消除了。

7）宾语+介词短语构成的宾补结构

Put, find, leave, guess, want, permit 感官性动词和使役性动词，大多数能跟补语的动词后面都能跟介词短语做补语。

He put his coat in my room  他把他的上衣放在了我的房间里。

I guessed him at school  我猜想他在学校。

Finally his friend found Newton in his lab  最后，他朋友发现牛顿在他的实验室里

 

注意

当感官动词和使役动词，如：see、hear、notice、watch、hear、feel、observe（看到）(感官动词) make、have、let、get(使役动词) 接宾语补足语时，不定式的符号to必须省略。在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。如果宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的动宾关系，则宾语补足语须用过去分词形式。如：Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.

 

引导宾语补足语的动词

1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider（认为）, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge（怀疑）, suppose（猜想）, prove（证明）等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important.那个理论是很重要的。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。

2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。I don't want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。

3. 注意：hope, demand（要求）, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。I hope you can give me a hand.我希望你能帮我一把。I wish you to give me a hand.我希望你能帮我一把。He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是不同的。

（1）比如pass me the book中，me是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；the book是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾语, a watch 是直接宾语, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read等。

（2）比如说： I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。 句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。例：I find learning English difficult. difficult是形容词作宾补。

 

扩展：

常跟复合宾语的动词有：call、name、make、think、find、leave、keep、nominate(任命),choose、elect(选举),define(定义)、regard（认为）, see、recognize（认出）、treat、take、consider（考虑）、 look up、 refer to（提到）、 accept（接受）、acknowledge（承认）、describe、depict(描述)、represent(表现出)、declare(宣称)、denounce（指责）、employ(雇佣)、 use、 show、 organize、 express（表达）

 

补充:

简单句常见结构有: "主+谓"结构: 句子由主语和谓语两部分构成,谓语动词是不及物动词。"主+谓+宾"结构:谓语动词是及物动词,后面接有宾语。"主+系+表"结构：表语通常是名词或形容词。"主+谓+间宾+直宾"结构：谓语动词是及物动词。"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构:有一些句子有了前3个成分后,还需要有一个宾语补足语对宾语做出补充说明,表明宾语的身份,特征等,使句意完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。