Classifications of Death Euphemism 中英文死亡委婉语的分类
(2013-04-04 23:12:39)
标签:
英语教育英语专业语言学死亡委婉语deatheuphemism |
分类: Linguistics |
This analysis will use Liu Chunbao’s a dictionary of English Euphemisms and Zhang Gonggui’s a dictionary of Chinese euphemisms. In Liu Chunbao’s a dictionary of English Euphemisms, there are 284 death euphemisms, which are classified into 10 categories, that is “religious euphemisms, military euphemisms, hospital euphemisms, maritime euphemisms, telecommunications euphemisms, financial euphemisms, theatre and cinema euphemisms and sporting and gambling euphemisms.” In Zhang Gonggui’s a dictionary of Chinese euphemisms, there are 481 Chinese death euphemisms.
This part will classify the ten categories of English death euphemisms into twelve categories according to their different cultural connotation. In order to compare English euphemisms and Chinese euphemisms, this part will category the Chinese euphemisms according to the categories that English euphemisms used to classify.
|
Category of death euphemisms |
Numbers of death euphemisms |
|
English |
Chinese |
||
time |
things after death |
3 |
12 |
death soon |
3 |
12 |
|
methods |
free from the world |
6 |
2 |
different ways of death |
149 |
153 |
|
state |
departing from the world |
57 |
146 |
function |
different social status |
4 |
131 |
attitude |
tired of life |
1 |
25 |
origin |
telecommunications euphemisms |
5 |
/ |
financial euphemisms |
10 |
/ |
|
theatre and cinema euphemisms |
17 |
/ |
|
sporting and gambling euphemisms |
29 |
/ |
|
|
total |
284 |
481 |
In the above table, the categories “the things after death” means the category express the things after death. The category “will die soon” means that this kind of death euphemisms expresses that people are dying in very little time. “Free from the world” means that this kind of death euphemism expressed the people will die in a way that liberated from the world. “Different ways of death” means that this kind of expression will show the way how the people died. “Returning to the nature” shows that the people will die in a way that returning to the nature after death. “Death of different social status” means that the kind of expression will show the social status of the dead. “Tired of life” means that this kind of expression shows an attitude that the dead are tired of the world or this thing is awful. “Telecommunications euphemisms” “financial euphemisms” “theatre and cinema euphemisms” and “sporting and gambling euphemisms” show that these kinds of death expressions are created from the process of telecommunication, finance, theatre and cinema, sporting and gambling respectively.
From the above table, we can see that of the 12 categories of the euphemisms, 4 kinds of English death euphemisms, which is 1/3 of euphemisms, can not be found in Chinese death euphemisms. While all kinds of Chinese euphemisms can be find in English euphemisms. Thus we can see that there are more categories of English depth euphemisms than Chinese euphemisms. You can also see from the table no two categories of euphemisms in English and Chinese are the same. In other words, 100% of the discussed euphemisms are different in English and Chinese. For example, the euphemism of “returning to the nature” has 12 category in English and 43 categories in Chinese. Therefore we can get a conclusion that there are more differences in the cultural connotation of death euphemisms than similarities in English and Chinese euphemisms. Besides, we can also see from the above table that there are more Chinese death euphemisms than English euphemisms in each category, especially in the category “showing death of different social status”. From this phenomenon, we can see that Chinese pay attention to the social status of the dead, which is influenced by the unique character of the Chinese culture.