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由英语单词后缀判定词性

(2012-09-16 22:24:25)
标签:

英语教学

英语专业

专四专八

语法

后缀

分类: TEFL

由英语单词后缀判定词性

 

后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀常常可以判断出一个词的词性。一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。前缀,可以改变单词的意思。在语言学里,后缀,又称词尾,是一种后置于其他词素后的词缀。

 

后缀-名词解释

以英语为例:establish(动词)+ -ment(后缀)—> establishment(名词):借由后缀 -ment 的使用,使原本的动词词素转为名词,为语言的衍生,是后缀的一种用途

 

后缀-名词后缀

  常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1-ster-eer-eror)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamestergangstersongsterengineerprofiteermountaineerauctioneerdriverteacherdirectoractorprofessor

  2-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(smallunimportant things)例词:bookletleafletstarlet

  3-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette

  4-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actresspoetesshostesspaintress

  5-hood意为:时期(statusetc.)例词:boyhoodchildhoodmanhood

  6-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skillstateconditionstatusquality)例词:leadershipfriendshipmembershiplectureshipsportsmanship

  7-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupfulhandful mouthfulspoonful

  8-tion-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(stateactionetc.)例词:actionoppressionpossessioneducationstarva- tion 2)机构等(institutionetc.)例词: organizationfoundation

  9-ment意为:状态,行动等(state actionetc.)例词:movementenslavementpavement

  10-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrivalrefusalrevivalrecitalremoval

  11-age意为:程度,数量等(extent amountetc.)例词:wastagecoverage acreageshrinkagebreakagehostage

  12-ness-ityty)意为:状态,品质(statequalityetc.)例词:happiness usefulnessselfishnesskindnessrapidityactivitysanitychangeability

  13-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine ofpractice of)例词:idealism impressionismabsenteeismracism

 

后缀-动词后缀

  常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn intoto make or become)例词:beautify diversifysimplify

  2-ize-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become to make into)例词:modernizepopularizelegalizehospitalizesymbolizeripenwidenheightenthreaten

3-ate意为:增加,使……听写(give or addmake or become)例词:originate hydrogenatevalidatedifferentiate

 

后缀-形容词后缀

  常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1-ful意为:充满,有(full ofhav- inggivingetc.)例词:usefulpitiful hopefulcareful,helpfulforgetfulthankful fearful

  2-less意为:没有,无(withoutnot giving)例词:speechlesschildlessharmlesshopelessmeaningless homeless

  3-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastlymanly brotherlyfriendly

  4-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlikestatesmanliketiger-like

  5-y-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meatysandy silkyhairyleafywateryfoolishgirlishblackishthinnish

  6-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(likecausing having the quality of)例词:troublesomeburdensomewholesometiresomebothersome

  7-ableible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be capable)例词: changeablerealiable,readabledrinkablecomfortableexpansibleconvincible

  8-ed意为:有……的(havingetc.)例词:woodedpointedmoneyed odd-shaped

  9-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature oftypical of)例词:culturalpersonalregionalmusical

  10-aryory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging toconnected with)例词:revolutionaryimaginary contradictory

  11-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full ofhaving the quality oflike)例词:gloriouserroneousmaliciousgracious

  12-icical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical ofbelonging to)例词: historichistoricalmethodicmethodicaldramaticheroic

13-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality ofgiven or tending to)例词:attractive talkativerestrictivedefensivepreventiveconstructivesensitive

 

后缀-副词后缀

  常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:

  1-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manneretc.)

  例词:happily boldlyattentive- lystrangely

  2-wards)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onwards),backwards),earthwards),homewards),eastwards

  3-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwiseclockwise2)就……而言(asfar as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise educationwise

  4.ly后缀结尾的副词,比较级都是+more,如more carefullymore useful最高级+most most carefullymost useful

 

 

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