恩斯特·卡西尔
(2024-05-19 22:39:46)
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恩斯特·卡西尔哲学家百科全书翻译 |
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CASSIRER, Ernst (1874—1945), German philosopher, who was important exponent of neo-Kantian philosophy and was particularly concerned with the function of symbols in human knowledge. He was born at Breslau, Lower Silesia, on July 28, 1874, and studied at the universities of Berlin, Leipzig, and Heidelberg, and at Marburg, where he was a follower of Herman Cohen’s neo-Kantianism. Cassirer became a professor at the University of Hamburg in 1919 and rector in 1930. A Jew, he resigned his post in 1933 and fled Nazi persecution. He taught at Oxford in England, at Goteborg in Sweden, and at Yale and Columbia in the United States. He died in New York City, on Aprill 13, 1945.
恩斯特·卡西尔(1874年至1945年),德国哲学家,是新康德学派的倡导者,尤其关注符号在人类知识中的功能。1874年7月28日,他出生在下西里西亚的布雷斯劳,并在柏林大学、莱比锡大学、海德堡大学和玛堡大学求学,在那里,他是赫尔曼·柯亨新康德主义的追随者。1919年,卡西尔成为了汉堡大学的教授,并在1930年担任了校长。一个犹太人,他于1933年辞去了职位,逃离了纳粹的迫害。他曾在英格兰牛律大学,瑞典哥德堡大学,以及美国耶鲁大学和哥伦比亚大学任教。他于1945年4月13日在纽约市去世。
Thought and Works. Cassirer accepted Kant’s categories of thought as man’s way of understanding the universe and also accepted Kant’s critical method. He held, however, in Das Erkentnis-problem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit (1906—1920; Eng. Tr., Problem of Knowledge: Philosophy, Science, and History Since Hegel, 1950) and in Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff (1910; Eng. Tr., Substance and Function, 1923) that Kant’s list of categories was incomplete and did not adequately explain the process of perception and that his critical method should be extended to domains of reality not encompassed by Newtonian physics.
思想与著作。卡西尔接受了作为人类理解宇宙方式的康德思想范畴,也接受了康德的批判方法。然而,他在《现代哲学和科学中的知识问题》(1906年至1920;英译本《知识问题:自黑格尔以来的哲学、科学和历史》,1950年)和Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff(1910年;英译本《物质与功能》,1923年)中认为,康德的范畴清单并不完整,并未适当地解释感知的过程,而且他的批判方法应该扩展到不包牛顿物理学中的现实领域。
Cassirer’s major work, Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (1923—1927; Eng. Tr., Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, 1953—1957), and two later works in English, Essay on Man (1944) and Myth of the State (1946), maintain that man structures his world through the symbolic forms of myth and language. Language especially is the means by which the manifold sense IMPRESSIONS are formed into objects of thought. Therefore, to ask what reality is apart from the forms inherent in language is absurd. Through his use of symbols, Cassirer continued, man is distinguished from animals and creates the peculiarly human phenomenon—culture. Cassirer also explored such aspects of culture as art, science, and historiography in terms of symbolic transformation of experience.
卡西尔的主要著作Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (1923年至1927年;英译本《符号形式的哲学》,1953年至1957年)并在两部后来的英文著作《人论》(1944年)和《国家的神话》(1946年)中坚持认为,人是通过神话和语言的符号形式来构建他的世界。语言尤其是手段,通过它将多种多样的感觉印象形成思想对象。要问,除了语言固有的形式外,什么现实是荒谬的。通过他对符号的使用,卡西尔继续接着说,人不同于动物,并且独特地创造了人类现象—文化。从经验符号化的转变方面,卡西尔还解释了这样一些作为艺术、科学以及史学的文化方面。
As an intellectual historian, he wrote Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance (1927; Eng. Tr., Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy, 1964) and Philosophie der Aufklarung (1932; Eng. Tr., Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 1951).
作为一名思想史学家,他撰写了Individuum und Kosmos in der Philosophie der Renaissance(1927年;英译本《文艺复兴哲学中的个体与宇宙》,1964年)和Philosophie der Aufklarung(1932年;英译本《启蒙运动的哲学》,1951年)。
(译者注:该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版,第5卷,第771页至772页)