FIBONACCI, Leonardo（c. 1170—c.1240）. Italian mathematician, who was a leading European mathematician in the Middle Ages. Fibonacci (known also as Leonardo of Pisa) was born in Pisa, but as a young boy he joined his father in the Pisan colony of Bujaia (modern Bougie, Algeria), where he began the study of mathematics. His later travels as a merchant took him to all the major Mediterranean commercial centers, and he acquired a broad knowledge of Greek and Arabic mathematics. In his later years Fibonacci frequented the court of Emperor Frederick II.

列奥纳多·斐波那契，(公元1170年至公元1240年)。意大利数学家，是中世纪欧洲最重要的一位数学家。斐波那契（也称为比萨的列奥纳多）生于比萨，但作为一位年轻的男孩，他跟随其父去了比萨殖民地布贾亚（现代的阿尔及利亚的布吉），在那里，他开始研究数学。他后来作为一名商人的旅行将他带到了地中海主要的商业中心，并且他获得了广泛的希腊和阿拉伯数学知识。在其晚年，斐波那契经常出入于皇帝腓特烈二世的宫廷。

Fibonacci’s greatest work, the Liber abaci (1202; revised 1228), opens with one of the earliest Latin accounts of the Hindu-Arabic number system and its computational techniques, which, despite the book’s title (meaning “Book of the Abacus”) rendered obsolete the Roman abacus then in use. It also presents many mercantile problems with their solutions and an introduction to the Arabic art of algebra.

斐波那契最伟大的著作《计算之书》（1202年；1228年修订），开始了一部最早的对印度-阿拉数字系统和其计算方法的拉丁语描述，尽管该书的标题（意思是“算盘之书”），但它宣告了当时使用的罗马算盘的过时。它还提出了许多商业问题，包括它们的解决方案，并介绍了阿拉伯的代数艺术。

In the Liber abaci and later works—Practica geometriae (1220), Liber quadratorum (1225), and Flos (about 1225)—Fibonacci also dealt with negative numbers, Diophantine equations, and approximate solution of a cubic equation, the arithmetic of surds, an approximation of π, and the “Chinese remainder problem,” the last foreshadowing C. F. Gauss’ work on congruences.

在《计算之书》和后来的著作--《几何实践》（1220年），《平方数书》（1225年），以及《花朵》（1225年）中—斐波那契还处理了负数、丢番图方程，三次方程的近似解法、无理数演算、π的近似值，以及“中国余数难题“，C. F. 高斯对同余改进的最后伏笔。

             MICHEAL S. MAHONEY, Princeton University

                   米歇尔 S. 马奥尼，普林斯顿大学

                                                                         2024年4月5日译

（译者注：该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版，第11卷，第156页）