OCTOBER is the tenth month of the modern calendar but retains its name from early Roman times when it was the eighth month of the year (Latin octo, “eight”). Attempts were made to rename the month after Roman emperors, and it was known variously as Germanicus, Antoninus and Herculeus, the latter after a surname fancied by Commodus. To the Saxons it was Win-monath (month for making wine) and Winterfylleth (in the belief that winter began with the full moon).

10月是现代历法的第10个月，但从早期的罗马时代保留了其名称，当时它是一年中的第8个月（拉丁语octo，“8”）。在罗马诸皇帝之后，人们试图重新命名该月，它被称为了不同的名称，如日耳曼尼库斯，安东尼纳斯和Herculeus，后者来自康茂德虚构的一个姓氏。对于撒克逊人来说，它是Win-monath（酿造葡萄酒的月份）和Winterfylleth（相信冬天从满月开始）。

In the United States, Columbus Day is observed around the 12^th, and Halloween is celebrated informally on the 31^st. Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, sometimes occurs in October.

在美国，庆祝哥伦布纪念日是在12日左右，而且非正式地庆祝万圣夜是在31日。犹太新年，有时发生在10月。

                                         2024年2月15日译

（译者注：该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版，第20卷，第630页）