费尔巴哈

标签:
费尔巴哈哲学家百科全书翻译 |
分类: 翻译 |
FEUERBACH, Ludwig Andreas (1804—1872), German philosopher and critic of religion, whose philosophical anthropology helped Marx and Engels shake free from the influence of Hegel. His religions view of human interrelationship also attracted Barth and Buber.
路德维希·安德列斯·费尔巴哈(1804年至1872年),德国哲学家和宗教批判家,他的哲学人类学帮助马克思和恩格斯摆脱了黑格尔的影响。他对人类相互关系的宗教观也吸引了巴斯和布伯。
Feuerbach was born at Landshut, Bavaria, on July 28, 1804. He studied theology at Heidelberg and Berlin but, under the influence of Hegel, switched to philosophy at Erlangen, where he received his doctorate in 1828. His awkward delivery and his unorthodox work, Thoughts on Death and Immortality (1830), prevented him from getting a professorship, although he lectured at Erlangen in 1828—1832 and at Heidelberg during the revolution of 1848. He managed his wife’s interest in a porcelain factory from 1837, and after the failure of the factory in 1860 he retired to Nuremberg, where he lived quietly until his death on Sept. 13, 1872.
1804年7月28日,费尔巴哈生于巴伐利亚的兰茨胡特。他在海德尔堡和柏林学习过神学,但在黑格尔的影响下,他在埃朗根转向了哲学,1828年他在那里获得了博士学位。虽然他在1828年至1832年在埃朗根授课,在1848年大革命期间在海德尔堡讲学,但他笨拙的讲授及其非正统的著作《论死亡与不朽》(1830年)阻碍了他获得教授职位。从1837年起,他管理过他妻子在一家瓷器厂的股权,而在1860年该厂倒闭后他退休回到了纽伦堡,直到他于1872年9月13日去世,他都一直安静地生活那里。
Philosophy.
哲学。在《黑格尔哲学批判》(1839年)和《未来哲学原理》(1843年)中,费尔巴哈与黑格尔决裂了,用他自己的“感觉实在论”概念反对黑格尔的唯心主义。他的基本批判是黑格尔错误地将现实定位于纯粹、抽象思想和精神之中。根据费尔巴哈的观点,现实存在于感官的自然之中,并存在于通过感官知觉和激情与自然积极相关的人类中。
Feuerbach’s aim was to “transform friends of God into friends of man, believers into thinkers, devotes of prayer into devotees of work, candidates for the hereafter into students of this world, Christians who … are ‘half animal, half angel,’ into men, into whole men.” Human reality is realized in the “I-and-thou” relationship.
费尔巴哈的目标是“将上帝的朋友转变成人的朋友,信徒转变成思想者,虔诚的祈祷者转变成热爱工作的人,来世的候选者转变成这个世界的学生,‘一半是动物,一半是天使的基督徒’转变成人,完整的人”。因为,人类的现实是在“我与你”的关系中实现的。
(译者注:该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版,第11卷,第143页)