HUXLEY, Aldous Leonard (1894—1963), English novelist, poet, and essayist, who in his most famous work Expressed in scathing, witty terms his disillusionment with the values of 20^th century society. One of his major concerns was the dehumanizing effect on people of many aspects of science and technology. He is perhaps best known for his satirical novel Brave New World (q.v.) which portrays a bizarre, mechanized emotionless society of the future.

奥尔德斯·伦纳德·赫胥黎（1894年至1963年），英国小说家、诗人和随笔家，在他最著名的作品中用尖刻、诙谐的措辞表达了他对20世纪价值观的幻灭。他主要的关注之一是科技在许多方面使人失去人性的影响。他最出名的也许是他的讽刺小说《美丽新世界》，描写了一个奇异的、机械的无情感的未来世界。

   Life.  Huxley was born at Godalming, Surrey, on July 26, 1894. He was a grandson of the famous biologist Thomas Henry Huxley and a grandnephew of Matthew Arnold. Huxley attended Eton but was forced to leave in 1908 when he went blind from keratitis. After THREE years he recovered enough to be able to read with one eye, through a magnifying glass. He graduated from Baliol College, Oxford, in 1915. He published his first book, The Burning wheel, a volume of poetry, in 1916.

    生平。1894年7月26日，赫胥黎生于萨里郡的戈德尔明。他是著名生物学家托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎的孙子，还是马修·阿诺德的侄孙。赫胥黎曾就读于伊顿公学，但被迫于1908年离开，当时他因患角膜炎而失明。三年后，他通过放大镜恢复到能用一只眼睛阅读。1915年他从牛津贝利奥尔学院毕业。1916年，他出版了第一本书，一本诗集《燃烧的车轮》。

   From 1919 to 1921, Huxley worked on the Athenaeum, a weekly periodical, under John Middleton Murry. In 1919 he married Maria Nys, by who he had a son, Matthew. Between 1923 and 1930, Huxley and his family lived much of the time in Italy. In 1940 he settled in California, where special treatment vastly improved his vision. His wife died in 1955, and in 1956 he married Laura Achera. Huxley died in Los Angeles on Nov. 22, 1963.

从1919年至1921年，赫胥黎在约翰·米德尔顿·默里的领导下致力于周刊《雅典娜神庙》的工作。1919年他与玛丽亚·妮斯结婚，他们育有一个儿子马修。在1923年至1930年间，赫胥黎同他的家庭大部分时间都生活在意大利。1940年，他定居加利福尼亚，在那里的特殊治疗极大地改善了他的视力。1955年他的妻子去世，1956年他与劳拉·阿切拉结婚。1963年11月22日，赫胥黎在洛杉矾去世。

Works.  Huxley’s first published novel was Crome Yellow (1921). Mortal Coils, a volume of stories appeared in 1922, and Antic Hay, a second novel, came out 1923. With these works, Huxley established himself as the most articulate intellectual of what Gertrude Stein called “the lost generation.” With their well-aimed yet amusing barbs at the rarefied intellectual attitudes and literary pretensions of the people around him, these early works reveal the influence of the 19^th century English novelist Thomas Love Peacock.

    作品。赫胥黎出版的第一部小说是《克罗姆·耶娄》（1921年）。 1922年面世的《尘世的烦恼》是一本故事集，而第二部小说《滑稽的圆舞》于1923年出版。伴随这些作品，赫胥黎确立了自己作为格特鲁德·斯泰因称之为“迷失的一代”中最善于表达的知识分子。它们对曲高和寡的知识分子态度和他周围人的文学自负进行了精准又有趣的嘲讽，这些早期作品反映了19世纪英国小说家托马斯·拉夫·皮科克的影响。

   Point Counterpoint (1928) etches in gall most of Huxley’s contemporaries, among them D. H. Lawrence, who is its thinly disguised hero, Mark. Brave New World (1932) was full of predictions, many of which had been confirmed by 1958 when Huxley published Brave New World Revisited. Among his other important works of the 1930’s are the collections of essays Music at Night (1931) and Beyond the Mexique Bay (1934) and the novels Eyeless in Gaza (1936) and After Many a Summer Dies the Swan (1939). During this period, also, Huxley was very active in the Peace Pledge Union, a British antiwar movement, for which he edited The Encyclopaedia of Pacifism (1937). Huxley urged that enemy tanks be met with “the redeeming power of love.” After World War II he wrote the futuristic satire Ape and Essence (1948), about life on earth following a nuclear holocaust.

《对位点》（1928年）让赫胥黎的大多数同代人都心怀怨恨，其中就有D. H. 劳伦斯，他就是小说中那位不加掩饰的男主人翁马克。《美丽新世界》（1932年）充满了预言，其中许多预言到了1958年当赫胥黎出版《重访美丽新世界》时都得到证实了。在他20世纪30年代的其它重要作品中有随笔集《晚间音乐》（1931年），《在墨西哥湾的那边》（1934年）和《加沙盲人》（1936年）以及《许多个夏天之后天鹅死了》（1939年）。在这段时期，赫胥黎在和平承诺联盟，一个不列颠反战运动中非常活跃，为此他编辑了《和平主义百科全书》（1937年）。赫胥黎力促用“爱的补救力量”来对付敌人的坦克。二次大战后，他写了未来主义的讽刺作品《类人猿与本质》（1948年），描写的是核浩劫后的地球生命。

   In the early 1940’s, Huxley became increasingly fascinated with Eastern mysticism, an interest that is reflected in such works as The Perennial Philosophy (1945). His later works include the Devils of Loudun (1952), a study of a group of possessed nuns in 17^th century France, and the Doors of Perception (1954), a book on his experiences with hallucinogenic drugs.

在20世纪40年代初，赫胥黎对东方神秘主义越来越着迷，在《永恒的哲学》（1945年）这类作品中就反映了这一兴趣。他后来的作品包括对17世纪法国一群着了魔的修女研究的《卢丹的恶魔》（1952年），以及《感知之门》，一部有关他服用致幻剂经历的书。

                                            ANNE FREMANTLE

                                   Author of “This Little Band of Prophets”

                                           安妮·弗里曼特尔

                                       “这一小群先知”的作者

                                    2022年8月24日译

（译者注：该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版，第622页）