MENCKEN, H. L.
(1880—1956), American journalist, who was famous for his
irreverent social criticism and lively invective. Henry Louis
Mencken was born on Sept. 12, 1880, in Baltimore, Md. He started
his journalism career with the Baltimore Herald in 1899. In 1906
he moved to the Baltimore
Sun, for which he wrote fairly regularly until 1948. His books
on his heroes, George Bernard
Shaw: His Plays
(1905) and The Philosophy of
Friedrich Nietzsche (1908), led in 1908 to his monthly essays
in The Smart Set, which
he edited with George Jean Nathan from 1914 to 1923. He founded
The American Mercury in
1924 and was editor until 1933.
H. L.
门肯(1880年至1956年),美国记者,他因对社会不敬的批评和嬉笑怒骂而著名。亨利·路易斯·门肯1880年9月12日生于马里兰州的巴尔的摩。1899年,他在《巴尔的摩先驱报》开启了他的新闻报道生涯。1906年他转到了《巴尔的摩太阳报》,直到1948年他都在为该报定期撰文。他写的有关他心中英雄的书《乔治·伯纳德·萧伯纳:他的戏剧》和《弗里德里希·尼采的哲学》,导致了他在1908年每月在《时髦圈子》上发表随笔,这是他与乔治·珍·内森从1914至1923年一起编辑的刊物。1924年,他创办了《美国信使》,并一直担任编辑至1933年。
Mencken cheerfully lambasted all that conventional America held
dear. He called American literary criticism “pious piffle.” He
championed Joseph Conrad, Theodore Dreiser, and Sinclair Lewis, and
published in The Smart Set writings by D. H. Lawrence and James
Joyce. An opponent of censorships, he was arrested in Boston in
1926 for selling The American
Mercury.
门肯畅快地痛斥了美国看重的所有传统。他称美国的文学批评是“虔诚的废话”。他支持约瑟夫·康拉德,西奥多·德莱塞和辛克莱尔·路易斯,并在《时髦圈子》刊登了D. H.劳伦斯和詹姆斯·乔伊斯的作品。一种对审查制度的反抗。1926年,他因销售《美国信使》在波士顿被捕。
Mencken’s love of words led to a lifelong work, The American Language, published
in 1919 and revised and enlarged in 1921, 1923, and 1936. He added
supplements in 1945 and 1946.
门肯对文字的热爱贯穿了他终生的工作,《美国语言》于1919年出版,并分别于1921年,1923年和1936年修订和扩充。1945年和1946年,他进行了增补。
Mencken was a leading intellectual voice in the 1920’s, but the
very audience that delighted in his puncturing America’s
provinciality and Puritanism was disturbed by his strong pro-German
bias, contempt for the poor, and hatred for Franklin D. Roosevelt.
He recaptured popularity with his moving reminiscences Happy Days (1940). Newspaper Days
(1941), and Heathen Days (1943).
门肯是20世纪20年代的一位最重要的知识分子代言人,但正是那些以他戳穿美国的粗陋和清教徒习俗为乐的观众被他强烈的亲德偏见,对穷人的轻视以及对富兰克林·D·罗斯福的敌意所困扰。他以他感人的回忆录《快乐的日子》(1940年),《新闻记者的岁月》(1941年)和《异教徒的日子》重新获得了人气。
Mencken collected his columns and reviews in A Book of Burlesques (1916),
A Book of Prefaces
(1917), and a highly successful series entitled Prejudices (1919, 1920, 1922,
1924, 1926, 1927). He attacked conventional notions on sex,
democracy, religion, and ethics in the volumes In Defense of Women (1918), Notes on
Democracy (1926), A Treatise on the Gods (1930), and A Treatise on
right and Wrong (1934).
门肯将他的专栏和评论收集在《滑稽集》(1916年),《序言集》(1917年),以及取名为《偏见》(1919年,1920年,1922年,1924年,1926,1927年)的一个相当成功的系列中。他在《为妇女辩护》(1918年),《民主注释》(1926年),《论诸神》(1930年)以及《论是与非》(1934年)的专栏中对性、民主、宗教以及道德的传统观念进行了抨击。
Mencken, who was always in command of language, is remembered
because of his influence on modern literature, his coinages such a
“booboisie” for the middle class, and his caustic wit, as when he
dubbed the South “the Sahara of the Bozart.” He died in Baltimore
on Jan. 19, 1956.
门肯一直掌控着语言,由于他对现代文学的影响而被人们记忆,他为中产阶级创造了这样一个“愚民阶层”,他的刻薄机智,就像他当时把南方称为“博扎特的撒哈拉沙漠”一样。1956年1月19日,他在巴尔的摩去世。
JEROME
STERN, Florida State University
杰罗姆·斯特恩,佛罗里达州立大学
2022年8月23日译
(译者注:该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版,第18卷,第865页)
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