远日点

标签:
远日点天文学百科全书翻译 |
分类: 翻译 |
关于翻译生僻的天文学词条的起因
几天前,偶然看到微信中的一篇有关“元日点”的文字,说从现在起到八月我们会进入天文学所谓的“远日点”天象,就是说,天气会比往年偏凉,希望大家注意天气变化,保护好自己。
我对天文学了解的不多,看到这样的消息也无从判断其真伪,天气真得会像文字中说那样吗?带着疑问,我查阅了相关资料,从《大美百科全书》中找到并译出了以下两个相关词条。其实,这不过是一个有关天文学的知识点,如有兴趣,请参阅。
Aphelion, that point to the orbit of a body revolving around the sun at which the body is farthest from the sun. (The opposite point in the orbit is perihelion.) A circular orbit centered on the sun would have no aphelion or perihelion; however, most bodies orbiting the sun move in elliptical orbits. The sun is at one focus of such an ellipse; aphelion is the point of closest approach to the other focus. See also APSIDES.
远日点,天体围绕太阳运行,离太阳最远的那个点。以太阳为中心的圆形轨道不会有远日点或近日点;然而,围绕太阳转动的大多数天体都是以椭圆轨道运行的。太阳就是这种椭圆轨道的一个焦点;远日点是与另一个焦点最接近的点。也可参阅远近点词条。
(译者注:该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版,第2卷,第92页)
APSIDES,are two opposing points in the orbit of an object. One apsis (the singular of apsides) is the point at which the object is closest to the body it orbits. The opposite apsis is the point at which the object is farthest away from the body. Orbits with apsides are elliptical; a circular orbit would not have apsides. The line of apsides is a straight line connecting the apsides; it corresponds to the major, or longer, axis of the orbit.
远近点,是天体在轨道中两个相对的点。一个拱点(远近点的单数)是天体围绕轨道运行时物体最接近的那个点。相对拱点是物体远离天体最远的那个点。具有远近点的轨道都是椭圆的;圆形轨道不会有远近点。远近点的线是一条连接远近点的直线;它相当于轨道的主轴或长轴。
The apsides in the orbit of an object revolving around the earth are called perigee (the point nearest the earth) and apogee (the point that is farthest away). The corresponding apsides in the path of an object orbiting the sun are called perihelion and aphelion. The apsides in the moon’s orbit around the earth shift slowly, moving in the same direction as the moon does, because of the gravitational influence of other heavenly bodies. This is called the progression of the moon’s apsides. The apsides in the orbits of the planets around the sun shift in a similar manner, progressing slowly in the direction of motion of the planets.
在围绕地球转动的物体轨道上的远近点被称为近地点(离地球最近的点)和远地点(相距最远的点)。在围绕太阳运行的物体轨迹上相对的远近点被称为近日点和远日点。由于其它天体的引力影响,月球围绕地球轨道运行的远近点缓慢移动,与月球移动的方向相同。这被称为月球的远近点累进。行星围绕太阳运行轨道的远近点也以类似方式移动,沿着行星运动的方向缓慢行进。
图中相关文字说明:
1、MOON(月球);EARTH(地球);SUN(太阳);LINE OF APSIDES(远近点线);PERIGEE(近地点);APOGEE(远地点);PERIHELION(近日点);APHELION(远日点)。
2、The apsides in the orbit of the moon and of the earth
月球轨道和地球轨道的远近点
3、The progression of the moon’s apsides
月球远近点的累进
The line of apsides of the moon’s orbit shifts slowly in the direction of the moon’s motion. In the course of one lunar orbit, as from A to B, the progression is about 3°.
月球轨道的远近点线沿月球运行的方向缓慢行进。在一个环月轨道的过程中,如从A到B,累进大约为3度。
(译者注:该词条位列《大美百科全书》1985年版,第2卷,第129页)