图表作为书面表达的一种信息提示方式，显得简洁明了，正被越来越多的各级各类英语考试所采用。但是，在阅卷中，我们发现情况并不理想，问题主要集中在三个方面：首先，书面表达能力弱，不能用英语描述图表的数据及其变化；其次，读不懂图表，不能从图表中提取有效信息；最后，不能有效地分析数据，得出相关的结论和提出合理的建议。

在表达方式上，图表类作文有别于其他类型，它要频繁描述具体数据、进行数据比较，并说明数据变化。教师有必要归纳于数据有关的一些词语和句型，进行集中教学。掌握这些的数据表达方式是写好这类作文的前提。常见的表达有：

1、熟悉四类图表的英文名称：表格（table）、条形图（bar chart）、曲线图（graph）和饼形分析图（pie chart）。此外，“如图所示”是写这类作文中的一个常用短语，它的表达方式有以下几种：

⑴As the chart shows, …

⑵According to the chart, …

⑶As is seen from the chart, …

⑷As we can see from the chart, …

 

2、在表达时，可以对具体的数据进行一些处理，用另外一种表达方式来代替，避免一篇小短文中出现过多的数据或者相同的句型结构，如：一次有关阅读兴趣调查结果是：50%的学生喜欢新闻；25%的学生喜欢故事；14%的学生喜欢幽默；11%的学生喜欢推理小说。(Half of the students love news. A quarter of them are fond of stories. 14% enjoy humor. The rest prefer to read mystery books.)

 

3、“…的数目或数量”的表达方式有两种：可数名次用the number of …；不可数名次用the amount of …。数量的多和少不能说成many和few，而用large和small.

⑴The number of the students is large.（学生的人数很多。）

⑵The amount of food is very small.（食物的数量很少。）

 

4、用以描述数据上升、下降或保持不变的表达方式有：

⑴rise/increase/go up/jump to/grow（上升）；

⑵decrease/fall/go down/drop（下降）；

⑶rise sharply/rapidly（急剧上升）

⑷fall slowly/gradually（缓慢/逐渐下降）；

⑸The price has grown by 3%.（价格已经上升了3%）

⑹The number of visitors has risen from 100 to 500.（访客的人数从100上升至200了。）

⑺Over the years, the income of the family has remained the same.（近几年这个家庭的收入保持不变。）

 

5、“数量总计达到…”的表达方法有以下三种：

⑴The bill comes to $25.（账单总共25英镑）

⑵These numbers add up to 100. （这些数目合计为100。）

⑶All the expenses amount to 11,000 yuan.（所有的开支总共达到11,000元。）

 

6、有关数据比较的表达方式有：

⑴Compared with…（与…相比）；

⑵He is 2 centimeters taller than I.（他比我要高2厘米。）

⑶The room is twice the size of that one.（这个房间的面积是那个的两倍。）

⑷Now the total number of Chinese Christians is 14 times as many as in 1949.（现在中国的基督教徒总人数是1949年的14倍。）

⑸The number of students who enjoy reading English news doubles that of those who prefer reading stories.（喜欢读英语新闻的学生人数是喜欢阅读故事的学生人数的两倍。）

 

7、图表常用经典句子：
          开头：
1. As can be seen from the chart/graph/table...
2. It can be seen from the statistics that...
3. As revealed/shown/stated/noted in the picture...
4. The chart gives information that...
         描述：
1. There was a rise/increase/upward trend from...to...
2. It has risen to an average of...
3. There was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trend  from...to...
4. It has fallen/dropped/declined to...
         结论：
1. From the analyses above,we can draw the conclusion that...
2. From the data we gatherde from the above graph,we can conclude that...
3. According to the information gathered above,we may reach the conclusion that...
4. According to what has been discussed above,we can arrive at the  conclusion that...
5. The graph reflects that...

 

 8、图表作文的框架

As is shown by the figure in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.(结论)
　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons （accounting） for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.
　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the view that _______. 。。。原因

 

        【样题】：（苏州市2010届高三调研测试（一）书面表达）

         2010年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今晚春晚植入广告的态度”的调查。请根据以下饼图所示信息，用英语写一篇短文，并提出你的自己的看法。

 

       The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates, which accordingly has caused heated discussions due to product placement in the programs.

 

【主要问题】：

根据考生反映，主要有以下几个突出的问题：

1、文章提示少，很难凑足150字；

2、在描述数据时，往往采用了相同句式；

3、没能把五个观点分成正反两方，表达缺乏逻辑性；

4、没能根据数据，概括出一句总结性的句子，即大多数观众对央视过多植入广告这种做法持反感态度。

 

【表达要点】：

根据题目提示要求，一共有8个主要表达要点：

1、大多数观众对央视过多植入广告这种做法持反感态度；

2、五个不同的观点及其相应的数据；

3、自己的两个观点。

 

【一句多译】：

不要遮遮掩掩，高考的书面表达其实就是“10句翻译题”，在现行的教育体制下，我们是培养不出“用英语思维”的考生的。话又说回来，我们学习英语的主要目的就是传播文化，把中国的东西翻译介绍给老外，或外国的文化在引进来。

 

1、如图所示：65%的调查者持反感态度，其余的表达赞成。

As the pie chart shows, the majority of the respondents are against the product placement while only 35% are supporters.

⑴如图所示：According to the pie chart; As is seen from the chart; It is illustrated in the chart that…;      As is suggested from the chart.

⑵被调查者：the people surveyed; the respondents; the people involved in the survey; those who responded to the survey.

⑶反对：disapprove of; disagree with; be against; be opposed to; oppose; hold negative attitudes towards; think little of.

⑷赞成：support; be for; be in favor of; approve of; agree; think much of

 

2、15%的调查者认为，这是出于央视的发展需要。

15% of the people surveyed think the practice is reasonable because holding such big events costs a lot. CCTV needs to make good use of the opportunity to earn enough money to finance its operation and development.

⑴ 15% of them think it is acceptable for CCTV to make profits from the product placement, which is of great benefit to the development of the TV station.

⑵15% of them hold the view that the practice satisfies the needs of CCTV’s development and can enable it to hold a better gala next year.

⑶13% of them argue that the profit made from the product placement can benefit CCTV’s future development.

 

3、20%的调查者认为，植入方式自然。

One-fifth of them don’t feel annoyed at the product placement and even regard it as an natural part of the programs.

⑴The way commercials are included is very natural.

⑵they feel comfortable with the product placement

⑶the product placement appears in the progroms naturally.

⑷The commercials are involved in the programs in a natural way

 

4、30%的调查者认为，与节目无关。

Almost one third of the respondents complain that the irrelevant product placement makes the programs strange and ridiculous.

⑴have nothing to do with…

⑵be related to …

⑶be linked with …

 

5、25%的调查者认为，广告植入太多。

Product placement appears so frequently in the program that a quarter of the people surveyed feel rather disturbed.

⑴feel annoyed at too many commercials

⑵feel uneasy/disturbed

 

6、10%的调查者认为，损害央视形象。

The rest 10% argues that the practice has greatly damaged CCTV’s image as the most important media in China because it’s the main channel for the general public to get information and entertainment.

⑴Great harm has been done to the image of CCTV

⑵The good image of CCTV will be greatly affected

 

7、我的观点：适量的、巧妙的广告植入可以接受。

 Personally, product placement in right amounts are acceptable if it doesn’t spoil the fun and art of the programs. Whatever CCTV does, it should take the audience’s feelings into consideration and put their needs in the first place

 

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