《高尔吉亚篇》王晓朝译本与英译本对照
(2009-08-07 10:35:09)
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高尔吉亚柏拉图王晓朝翻译错误文化 |
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《高尔吉亚篇》王晓朝译本与英译本对照
读《高尔吉亚篇》时,对中译本译文有些疑问。王晓朝在译序中说,该译本以希腊原文(娄卜丛书本)为基准,并参考了权威英译本。我没有能力读希腊文,也不知王译所参考的英译本究竟是哪些(王提到了伊迪丝·汉密尔顿和亨廷顿·凯恩斯编的《柏拉图对话全集》,但没有确切指出这个本子是否就是前面提到的权威英译本)。手边有两种英译本,一个是Jowett本(宾州大学电子经典系列),这应当和周辅成《西方伦理学名著选辑》中所摘《高尔吉亚篇》是同一个译本;另一个是Cooper & Hutchinson本(Plato Complete Works, John M. Cooper & D. S. Hutchinson (ed.),Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, 1997)。为慎重起见,今将王译《高尔吉亚篇》中的片断和以上两个英译本的相应段落放在一起进行对照,不对全文(更不对全书)的翻译作评价。
王译:
……波卢斯犯了大错,他责备高尔吉亚被你拉下水了。他说,你问高尔吉亚是否愿意教一名有发展前途的学生,这个学生来向高尔吉亚学修辞学,但他没有关于正义的知识,而高尔吉亚则耻于说愿意,因为一般的传统观念要求他说愿意,他要是拒绝,麻烦也就来了。由于在这个问题上失足,波卢斯就象你一样被迫自相矛盾。(482C-D)
Jowett本:
… Polus has fallen into the same error himself of which he accused Gorgias: -for he said that when Gorgias was asked by you, whether, if some one came to him who wanted to learn rhetoric, and did not know justice, he would teach him justice, Gorgias in his modesty replied that he would, because he thought that mankind in general would be displeased if he answered ‘No’; and then in consequence of this admission, Gorgias was compelled to contradict himself, that being just the sort of thing in which you delight. Whereupon Polus laughed at you deservedly, as I think; but now he has himself fallen into the same trap.
……波卢斯刚才责备高尔吉亚,现在他自己也陷入同样的错误:他说,当你问高尔吉亚,如果有人来找他,想学修辞学,却不懂得正义,他是否愿意教他正义,高尔吉亚谦逊地回答说愿意,因为他觉得,如果他说“不”的话,人们往往会感到不快;然后,为了和这个允诺保持一致,高尔吉亚不得不陷入自相矛盾,而这正是你喜欢的。于是波卢斯嘲笑你(在我看来这是你活该),可是现在他自己也落入了同样的陷阱。
Cooper & Hutchinson本:
… Polus has had the same thing happen to him that he accused Gorgias of letting you do to him. For he said, didn’t he, that when Gorgias was asked by you whether he would teach anyone who came to him wanting to learn oratory but without expertise in what’s just, Gorgias was ashamed and, out of deference to human custom, since people would take it ill if a person refused, said that he’d teach him. And because Gorgias agreed on this point, he said, he was forced to contradict himself, just the thing you like. He ridiculed you at the time, and rightly so, as I think anyhow. And now the very same thing has happened to him.
……波卢斯刚才责备高尔吉亚被你弄得晕头转向,现在他自己也落入同样境地。不是吗?他说,当你问高尔吉亚,是否愿意教一个来找他学演讲术(Jowett本此处为修辞学),却对正义一无所知的学生,高尔吉亚很窘迫,为了遵从习俗(因为人们会对拒绝感到不快),说他愿意教他。他说,高尔吉亚由于在这一点上同意了你,而不得不陷入自相矛盾,而你就喜欢这样。那时他挖苦你,我觉得他挖苦得没错。而现在他也落得和高尔吉亚一样。
两个英译本基本一致,只在一个地方有实质性的差别:Jowett本中,teach后面跟有justice,Cooper & Hutchinson本则无。王译和英译本有三个重要的不同:
1.开头:“……波卢斯犯了大错,他责备高尔吉亚被你拉下水了。”
这个中文句的意思是,高尔吉亚是对的,波卢斯不应该责备他。而两个英译本都是说,波卢斯刚才责备高尔吉亚,现在自己却也和高尔吉亚一样。
2.中间:“高尔吉亚则耻于说愿意”
这个中文句的意思是,高尔吉亚说不愿意。这句和后面的“因为一般的传统观念要求他说愿意,他要是拒绝,麻烦也就来了”衔接不上,显然是误译。两个英译本都说,高尔吉亚答愿意。
3.结尾:“波卢斯就象你一样被迫自相矛盾。”
在《高尔吉亚篇》中,苏格拉底扮演着主导性的角色,决不会“被迫自相矛盾”的。两个英译本都指出,苏格拉底总是把对手逼到自相矛盾的境地,并以此为乐。怀疑中译本要么是把“他”(指高尔吉亚)误写成“你”,要么是错误地理解了“象……一样”的对象。
其实这一段中译,即使不看原文,只要把整个段落认真完整地读一遍,就能感觉到有问题,读不通:有的是逻辑上的不通,有的是常识上的不通。不知为何没有校出来。
http://yilubbs.com/HTADCAAAcVO/con_140_M.1249612420.A.htm?T=0