怎样区别同位语从句与定语从句
一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is
encouraging.
（同位语从句）
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The
news that you
told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical
is worth considering. （同位语从句）
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The
suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should
learn something practical.（定语从句）
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.
（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）
The news that you told us is really
encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I
passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）
2) Dad
made a promise that excited all his
children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）
3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定于从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me.
（that不可换为which）
The fact
that surprised me is that he is not
Chinese.（第一个that可换为which，第二个不行，因为它引导的是表语从句。）
4、引导同位语从句关连词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what,
how, whether等引导。
e.g. I had no idea at all what I should do next.
There is no proof whether he was killed by others.
现在你会辨别和使用同位语从句与定语从句了吗？
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。同位语从句在高考中出现的近年有所增多，下面就高考试题对同位语从句总结一下：
考点1：
1. Do you have any idea ___is actually going on in the
classroom？ （2005 辽宁）
A. that B.
what C.
as D.
which
分析：B
idea后边经常接同位语从句。连词视从句意思有所不同。因为从句缺少主语，因此用what.其余常见的接同位语从句的名词还有：fact
，belief，，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，promise，hope，message，possibility，chance等。
2. （ 2005上海卷）Along with the letter was his promise___ he would
visit me this coming Christmas
A.
which
B.that
C.
what
D. whether
答案：B要点：同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，同学们在学习时应掌握以下几点：1.
从句用陈述语序。
2.
一般情况下，主从句的时态应保持一致。担当从句表示的是客观事实或普遍真理时，从句仍然用一般现在时。如：They were all
very much worried over the fact that you were
sick. 对于你生病这件事，他们都很着急。
Magellan's men's return from the voyage proved the truth that the
earth is round .麦哲伦的海员们的航海回归证实了地球是圆的这一真理。
3. 表示"命令、建议、要求"的名词order ，demand
，suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，既"should +动词原形".如：They mainly
discussed the suggestion that a big dam （should ）
be built there.他们主要讨论了在那里建一个大坝这个建议。
考点2：
1. ___is no possibility ___Bob can win the first prize in the
match. （Shanghai 2001）
A. there；
that B. it
；that C. there
，whether D. it ；
whether
分析：there is no possibility意为"没有……的可能性"其中引导同位语从句。故本题选A.
2.（2006天津卷）There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his
injury in time for the race.
A.
that
B. which C
until D
of
答案：A要点：引导同位语从句的引导词常用that
，近年尤其表示可能性的chance和possibility的同位语从句，地方题多见。
考点3：
1、Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates
will be admitted into universities. （Shanghai
2000）
A.
while B.
that C.
when D.
as
分析：纵观全句可知information与同位语从句被谓语动词隔开。根据句意，应用that 来引导。故本题选B.
2. （2006四川卷）—— It's thirty years since we last met.
------ But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we
got lost on a rainy night.
A.
which
B. that C.
what
D. when
答案：B
3. （2005浙江卷）Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call
again in the afternoon.
A.
who
B.
that
C.as
D. which
答案：B
要点：有时为了避免头重脚轻，可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。这时高考中同位语从句的又一热点。
考点4：
Is this the reason ____at the meeting for his carelessness in his
work？ （Shanghai2002）
A. he
explained B.
what he explained C. how he
explained D.
why he explained
分析：本题选A.He explained为定语从句，省去了关系代词that/which .
考点5
：
（2005广东卷） Some researchers believe that there is no doubt___ a cure
for AIDS will be found.
A.which
B.
that
C.
what
D whether
分析：B doubt后面一般接同位语从句。
要点：在名词doubt"怀疑"后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no
doubt"不怀疑"之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：We have some doubt whether they can
complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his
promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。
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