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授课主题：高一英语语法---状语从句                     学员签名：

    状语从句在复合句中起状语作用,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。

    状语从句放在句首时,其后常用逗号,放在主句后时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句按其作用可分为以下九种:

 (一)时间状语从句

 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:when (当……时),while (在……期间),as (一边……一边),before (在……之前),after (在……之后),as soon as (一……就),no sooner...than (刚……就),since (自从……以来),till (until)(直到……为止),once (一旦)。

 When I was a child,I often went to the cinema on Sundays.小的时候,我经常周日去看电影。

 I saw your mother as she was getting off the bus yesterday.昨天你妈妈下车时,我看到了她。

 Please don't talk so loud while others are reading.别人看书时,请不要大声说话。

 Before I reached the station,the train had left.我到达火车站前,火车就已开走了。

 No sooner had I sat down than the telephone rang.我刚坐下,电话就响了。

 She has been cleaning the house since 7：00 this morning.她从早上7点开始就一直在打扫房子。

 I didn't go to bed until (till)my mother came back.我直到妈妈回来才睡觉。

 时间状语应注意的几个问题:

 1.when,as,while作为表示时间的从属连词时的区别:

 ①when既可引导一持续性动作,又可引导一短暂性动作。它可表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,也可表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。

 ②as引导一持续性动作,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。

 ③while引导的动作必须是持续性的,并且所表示的时间范围也较大,指“在某一段时间里”、“在……期间”。它强调主句和从句动作的同时发生,并侧重主句和从句动作的对比。

 ④when,as,while表示主句和从句动作同时发生时,可以互用,意为“正当……的时候”。

 2.before引导的从句不能用否定式谓语。

 3.till和until表示的意思相同,但在使用时应注意以下三点:

 ①如主句谓语是持续动作,则通常用肯定式谓语,表示“直到……为止”。

 ②如主句谓语是瞬间动词,则必须用否定式的谓语,表示“不到……不”。

 ③用于句首表示强调时一般用until。

 4.时间状语从句中的谓语动词应使用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时。

 5.hardly...when和no sooner...than的意义相当于as soon as,可以引导时间状语从句,但只能用于过去时,即从句谓语动词用一般过去时主句谓语动词用于过去完成时。hardly和no sooner放在句首时,主句的谓语要倒装。

 (二)地点状语从句

 地点状语从句通常用where和wherever引导。

 Where there is water,there is life.哪里有水,哪里就有生命。

 We'll go wherever the people need us most.我们要到人民最需要的地方去。

 (三)原因状语从句

 1.原因状语从句通常用because,as,since,now that引导。

 He doesn't study well because he doesn't study hard.他学习不好,因为他不用功。

 You must know the answer since you've read the book.你肯定知道这个答案,因为你以前看过这本书。

 As the moon is nearer to us,it looks bigger.由于月球离我们较近,所以它看上去较大。

 Now that you have enough money,you'd better buy a copy.既然你已有足够的钱,你最好买一本。

 2.学习原因状语从句应注意的几个问题。

 ①because,since,as都可以引导原因状语从句。because语气最强,它所引导的从句是全句的核心。在回答why开始的问句或强调式中,只能用because;since语气次于because,表示显然或已知的理由、原因,从句的意思次于主句,与because相反;as的语气最弱,所引导的从句常放在主句之前,说明原因或理由,后面的主句说明结果,主从句所表达的内容同等重要。

 ②for也可表示原因,但一般看作并列连词。

 (四)目的状语从句

 引导目的状语从句用从属连词so that,in order that等,并且这种从句中的谓语动词一般有情态动词may,might,can,could等。

 I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes.我慢慢讲,以便你们能做笔记。

 They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他们急忙赶往火车站,以便能赶上火车。

 在口语、非正式文体中,so that可省略为so或that。例如:

 We'll sit nearer to the front so we can hear better.我们将坐在靠近前边的地方,以便能听得更清楚。

 You must take the medicine on time that you may get well soon.你必须按时吃药才能好得快。

 (五)结果状语从句

 结果状语从句常用从属连词that (以致,结果),so that (以致,结果),so+形容词(副词)+that(如此……以致于),such+名词+that(如此……以致于)等引导。

 It was so cold that the lake froze.天气如此冷,以至于湖面结冰了。

 He is such an honest student that the teachers all like him.

 他是一个如此诚实的学生,所以每个老师都喜欢他。

 比较:He is so good a student that the teachers all like him.

 注:so...that结构可以用too...to结构替换,但必须具备两个条件。一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can (could)not。

 I'm so tired that I can't go any further=I'm too tired to go any further.

(六)比较状语从句

 比较状语从句常用从属连词as...as (和……一样),as (so)...as(不如……),than (比),the more...the more (越……越)等引导。这类从句通常省略与主句中相同的成分。

 He swims as well as you.他游泳和你一样好。

 The summer in Beijing is much cooler than that in Guangzhou.北京的夏天比广州的夏天要凉快得多。

 (七)条件状语从句

 常用从属连词if (如果),unless (除非),so long as=as long as (只要),in case (如果,万一)引导。

 If I can see her,I'll tell her the news.我如能见到她,会把这个消息告诉她。

 Unless you work hard,you will fail.你除非努力工作,否则就会失败。

 I'll work for the people as long as I live.只要生命不息,我就将为人民而工作。

 In case I forget,please remind me.我万一忘了,请提醒我。

 注:条件状语从句与时间状语从句一样,要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

 So long as you keep it secret,I'll tell you about it.

 He said he would come and see me if he was free the next week.

 (八)方式状语从句

 常用从属连词as (正如),as if,as though (好像)等引导。

 The professor told the students to do as he did.这位教授告诉学生像他那样去做。

 Put these books as they were.把这些书像原来一样放好。

 He walked as if he were drunk.他走起路来像喝醉了似的。

 She treats me as though I were her brother.她待我像亲兄弟一样。

 (九)让步状语从句

 常用从属连词though (虽然,尽管),even if,even though (即使),whether...or (不管…还是),however (=no matter how不论怎样),whatever (=no matter what无论什么),whoever (=no matter who不论是谁)等来引导。

 There is air all around us,though we can't see it.我们虽然看不见空气,它却存在于我们的周围。

 I'll try to speak more English in and out of class even though I can't speak it well.我尽管英语说得还不太好,但将在课内外多讲英语。  You must obey the rules of the school whoever you are.你无论是谁,都必须遵守学校规章制度。

 No matter what happens,I will stand still.无论发生什么,我将毫不动摇。

状语从句专项练习

1.        I get to Pairs,I×ll call you up at the airport.
A.Since B.While C.Once D.Altough
2. the headmaster comes, we won×t discuss this plan.
A.Unless B.If not C.Except D.Whether
3.Bill must have been away from the office. how many times I phoned him,nobody answered it.
A.Whatever B.No matter C.In spite of D.Though
4.I had been to Beijing long you visited it.
A.before B.till C.after D.when
5. ,he is good at drawing.
A.To be a child B.A child as he is C.As a child D.Child as he is

6.Don×t be discouraged you have fallen behind others.
A.whether B.as if C.even if D.however
7.We can get there on time the car doesn×t break down.
A.while B.as long as C.so that D.even if
8.The vase on the left is than the one on the right,and not .
A.more nicer；so expensive B.much more better；as expensive
C.nicer；as expensive D.better；such expensive
9.It wasn×t long he joined the job.
A.that B.before C.until D.and
10.These planes can fly than the old ones.
A.as fast three times B.three times as fast
C.three times fast D.three times faster

11. had the bell rung the students took their seats.
A.Hardly；when B.No sooner；when C.Hardly；than D.No sooner；then
12. many times，but he still couldn×t understand it.
A.Having been told B. Though had been told
C.He was told D.Having told
13. we have come,let×s stay and enjoy it.
A.For B.As C.Because D.Since
14.You×d better do you are required.
A.like B.which C.that D.as
15. that none of us could follow him.
A.He spoke very fast B.So fast he spoke
C.Too fast he spoke D.So fast did he speak

16.I×ll start early, it may be dark.
A.however B.whether C.if D.though
17. the baby fell asleep the room.
A.After；did the mother leave B.Not until；did the mother leave
C.Not until；the mother left D.Soon after；the mother had left
18. the day went on,the weather got worse.
A.With B.Since C.As D.While
19.He can×t have gone out, the light is still on.
A.because B.since C.as D.for
20.I was walking along the river I heard a cry for help.
A.while B.since C.when D.as

21.We shouldn×t do that dangerous experiment the teacher is with as.
A.if not B.if C.unless D.as long as
22.He has little education he is unable to find a job.
A.such；that B.so；and C.so；that D.such；and
23.The soldier was wounded， he pushed on.
A.for B.and C.so D.yet
24.The full letter reads follows.
A.like B.as C.that D.which
25.Will you go our motherland needs us most after graduation?
A.that B.where C.in which D.to the place which

26.This is a revision paper.When you do it,you×d better make a mark you have questions.
A.where B.the place C.as if D.since
27.Water power station are built big water falls.
A.where there are B.where there have C.which has D.which are
28.I am sure I×ll meet kind－hearted man I go.
A.where B.to the place where C.wherever D.the place
29.She is so good at playing table－tennis that she can hit
the ball she wants it to go.
A. the place where B. that C. in which D. where
30.It was his mother came in to prepare his lessons.
A.not until；did the boy begin B.until；that the boy began
C.until；did the boy begin D.not until；that the boy began

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

答案：
1－5 C A B A D 6－10 C B C B D 11－15 A C D D D
16－20 D B C D C 21－25 C C D B B 26－30 A A C D D