主谓一致“三原则”

一、语法一致原则。即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致，谓语的单复数形式取决于主语的单复数形式。

1.主语为复数时用复数的谓语动词；主语为单数名词、代词、不可数名词、单个的动词不定式、动名词短语或从句时，谓语动词用单数。    

The questions raised by Tom are very important. 汤姆提的问题非常重要。

Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟有害健康。

What he said is quite right. 他所说的非常正确。

2. 由and或both…and连接的短语，谓语动词常用复数。

What he says and what he does do not agree. 他所说的和他所做的不相符。

﹡但如and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。

The poet and writer has arrived. 那个诗人兼作家已经到了。

Bread and butter is served for breakfast in this hotel. 这家旅馆早餐供应黄油面包。

﹡由and连接的两个单数主语前分别有every,  each, many a, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl has been invited to the party. 每个男孩、女孩都被邀请参加这次聚会了。

3. 主语为单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, except, but, including, rather than 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。   

Tom, together with his parents, has gone. 汤姆和他的父母都走了。

No one except my parents knows about it. 只有我父母了解这件事。

二、意义一致原则。即谓语动词取决于主语所表达的意义，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，动词要用复数；

1. 表示时间、距离、价格、长度、重量的复数名词常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Fifty years is not a long time. 五十年并不长。

Ten dollars is enough. 十美元就够了。

2. family, team, crowd, audience, class, committee 等集合名词作主语时，如看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如看成若干成员，谓语动词用复数。

My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。

My family were having breakfast then. 那时我们家人都在吃饭。

3. the rest, some, most, half, part, 分数或百分数作主语时，所指代的是可数名词，谓语用复数；指代的是不可数名词，谓语用单数。

The rest of the money is yours. 剩下的钱是你的。

The rest of the books are yours. 剩下的书是你的。

Three fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.地球表面的四分之三覆盖着水。

About 85% of the students are interested in English. 那些学生中的百分之八十五对英语感兴趣。

4. either, neither, each, another以及any, some, no, every与body, one, thing构成的不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。

Each of us has something to say. 我们每人都有要说的话。

Something is wrong with the phone. 电话坏了。

﹡但none of 作主语时，后接不可数名词用单数的谓语动词；后接可数名词时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。

None of the information is useful to me. 这些 信息没有一条对我有用。

None of the books are easy enough for us. 对我们来说，这些书没有一本简单。

None of us has a camera. 我们中没有一个人有照相机。

5. the加上形容词或分词可当名词来用，如指一类人，用复数的谓语动词；如指一抽象概念，则用单数的谓语动词。

The wounded have been taken good care of. 伤员已受到了很好的照料。

The new always takes the place of the old. 新事物总要代替旧事物。

6. works, means, deer, sheep等名词为单复数同形，要看句中的具体指代来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。

Every means has been tried. 每一个方法都被尝试过了。

All means have been tried. 所有的方法都被尝试过了。

7. many + 复数名词做主语，其后用复数的谓语动词。many a + 单数名词做主语，其后用单数的谓语动词。两种表达法意思都是“许多…”

Many men have become rich there. 那儿的许多人都富起来了。

Many a man has become rich there. 意思同上。

8. a number of+复数名词做主语，其后用复数的谓语 动词。意思为“许多…” The number of+复数名词做主语，其后用单数的谓 语动词。意思为“…的数量…”   

The number of the students in that school is one thousand. 那个学校的学生数量为一千人。

A number of students are waiting there. 许 多学生等在那儿。

三、就近一致原则。即谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称或数的一致。

1. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接两个并列主语时，谓语与最近的主语保持一致（就近原则）。

Neither my parents nor my sister was present at the meeting. 我父母和姐姐都没出席那次会议。

Either Tom or his twin sisters are going to put on a performance tomorrow evening. 不是汤姆就是他的双胞胎妹妹明天晚上要有演出。

2. 主谓倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致。

Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. 两个建筑物之间有一棵树。

There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和三把椅子。