英语基本颜色词的一些习惯用法及其翻译
(2014-08-31 18:48:50)
标签:
教育 |
分类: 英语文化知识 |
1
英语red的引申义常作贬用,表“残忍、灾难、烦琐、狂热”等,如:have a red hands(犯杀人罪);red ruin(火灾);catch sb. red-handed(当场抓获);red tape(官样文章);red tapism(文犊主义);His ideas are red.(他的思想激进);painted the town red (狂欢、胡闹)。这些表达的汉译与“红”是不对应的:
(1)
red news
red cent
red light
red ball
red sky
red herring
red ink
red box
red meat
red-eye
red cap (英)宪兵,(美)车站搬运工
red alert (台风,空袭的)紧急警报
a red battle
in the red
the red
carpet
a red letter
day
(2)
to go red
to see red
to go into the
red
to paint the town
red
to be (get)out of the
red
2
英语的white的引申义可以表示“吉利、善意、纯洁、清白、坦诚”等意,有些词组汉译时也不与“白”对应。如:a white day(吉日);days marked with a white stone(幸福的日子);a white lie(无恶意的谎言);a white witch(做善事的女巫);a white room(无尘室);a white war(不流血的战争);stand in a white sheet(公开认错)。而汉语中“白”可以引申指“弄
明白、空白、徒然、无代价、轻视”等,英译时都与white无关,就如同有些词组汉译时不与“白”对应一样:
(1)
white smith
white gas
white-bear
white magic
white sale
white tie
white hope
white meat
white alert
white knight
white coffee
white slave
the white
feather
a white man
(2)
to show the white
feather
to be
white-livered
to see the
white
to bleed
white
to leech sb.
white
to call white
black
3
在英语中,“black”一词有“深色、暗淡、阴郁、怒气冲冲、弄脏、丢脸、不吉利、极度的”等引申义。如“black tea(红茶);black coffee(不加牛奶或糖的浓咖啡);black mood(情绪低落);a black stranger(完全陌生的人);a black look(怒视);black despair(绝望);a black mark(污点);black dog(沮丧);black books(记过本);go black in the face(气得脸色发紫)等”,但这些词语的汉译都跟“黑色”无关:
(1)
black
diamonds
black market
black beetle
black draught
black and
blue
black flag
black smith
black
ingratitude
black frost
black cattle
black mail
black tie
black words
black eye
black lead
black tidings
black guard
black-bell
a black heart
Black Maria
a black lie
in sb’s black
books
(2)
to be in the
black
to be(get)in someone’s black
books
to go into the
black
to give sb. a black
look
to have a black
eye
to pain sb.
black
to black out
to work like a
black
to see sth. in black and
white
4
在英语中,yellow是卑怯者的形容词。
yellow brown
yellow alert
yellow streak
yellow belly
yellow looks
在上面这些例子中,汉译时也都是与“黄”无关的,即yellow不能直译为“黄色”。
5
Blue在英语中通常表示一个人处在情绪低落、精神不振的状态。如:in a blue mood和having(or getting)the blues,用来表示“情绪低落”、“忧郁”、
(1)
blue jeans
blue man
blue nose
blue murder
blue milk
blue chip
till all is
blue
out of the
blue
blue music
blue in the
face
blue software
a bolt from the
blue
blue-collar
workers
a true blue (政党)忠实的成员
(2)
to blue one’s
money
to sing the
blues
to drink till all is
blue
to be out of the
blue
to be blue about the
gills
to be blue in the
café
6
绿色是生命之色,青春之色。
还有,在翻译green的一些习惯用法时也应留心:
(1)
green thumb
green fingers (英)园艺技工
green back
green power (美)金钱的力量
green corn
green apple
green room (剧场中的)演员休息室
green house
green-eyed
monster
(2)
to go green
to be green around the
gills
to be in the green
tree(wood)
to be in the green of one’s
years
7
gray record
gray collar
gray code
gray mare
gray cloth
gray
experience
a gray day
the gray
market