欢迎学习第7章“政体--君主立宪制”

英国是实行君主立宪政体的国家，君主是名义上的国家元首, 那么君主的象征意义体现在哪些方面呢？英国没有成文的宪法，那么，是什么起到宪法的作用呢？英国议会是资产阶级议会的鼻祖，是最高的立法机关，那么议员是如何选出来的？议会是如何运作的呢？英国内阁拥有最高行政权力，首相为政府首脑，那么英国首相梅姨宣布提前大选又是什么原因呢？本次慕课将带你了解英国政治制度，去从中寻找答案。

VII. Politics --- Constitutional Monarchy

英国政体--君主立宪制（周玲）

1. Constitution and Monarch：How to Justify Britain’s Support for Monarchy?

宪法与民主：民心为何向君主？

2. General Election: Who Would Become the Winner of First-Past-The-Post?

英国大选：谁是大选赢家?

3. Separation of Powers：Would Early Election Do Wonders for Theresa May?

分权而治：提前大选是否解忧？

老师课堂交流区：First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)

What do you think of the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) electoral system in Britain? Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of it and make your comment.

1：The benefits of FPTP aren't that its concept is easy to understand, and ballots can more easily be counted and processed than in preferential voting systems. Even though British uses first past the post to create a stable single government, question

always arise about their representation and fairness. First past the post limits third party due to the voting system.

2：The electoral system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how results are determined. Political election systems are organized by governments, and non-political elections can be conducted in business, nonprofit and informal organizations. This research can be done in the areas of political science, economics or mathematics, especially in the subareas of game theory and mechanism design. Impossible evidence, such as arrow's impossible theorem, suggests that when voters have three or more options, it is impossible to design a sort voting system that reflects the preferences of individuals in the global preferences of communities, which exists in countries with proportional representation and pluralistic voting.

3：Advantages of First Past The Post：It is easy to understand、It can be quick to count the votes and declare a winner、Voters can express a clear view on which party they want in government、

In a two-party system, it has normally produced a single-party government with a clear mandate to govern

Disadvantages of the system：MPs can be elected with relatively small percentage of the vote、It encourages tactical voting where people vote against the candidate they most dislike、Many votes are wasted: either those cast for a losing candidate or those for a winning candidate past the level needed to win the seat、Penalises small parties whose votes are spread widely across the country, not concentrated in particular seats

第7章单元测验提交截止时间：2018年10月31日 23:30 / 可尝试2次提交阶段

1、 Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a ______.正确答案：B你选对了

A.absolute monarchy B.constitutional monarchy

C.federal republic D.an autocracy

2、Which of the following is not correct?正确答案：C你选对了

A.The Queen can temporarily suspend and dissolve Parliament.

B.The Queen has the power to declare war and recognize foreign states.

C.The Queen enjoys real power and she reigns and rules with the help of her ministers

D.Legally, the Queen is head of the executive; an integral part of the legislature and head of the judiciary.

3、Among the main components of the British Constitution, ______ are the most important and take precedence over others if there is a clash.正确答案：A你选对了

A.statutory laws B.common laws C.conventions D.customs

4、The two major parties in Britain are ______ and ______.正确答案：A你选对了

A.the Labour Party, the Conservative Party B.the Republican Party, the Democratic Party

C.the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats D.the Conservative party, the Liberal Democrats

5、How often does the General Election in Britain take place?正确答案：C你选对了

A.At least every three years. B.At least every four years.

C.At least every five years. D.At least every six years.

6、Which of the following is the most important advantage enjoyed by the British First-Past-The-Post method?正确答案：B你选对了

A.A certain party would be over represented or underrepresented.

B.The party in office cannot escape responsibility for what has gone wrong during its term of office.

C.It is a proportional system.

D.The successful candidate is the one who receives the most votes in the single-member constituency.

7、The role of the ______ branch of government is to carry out the political system’s policies, laws or directives.正确答案：A你选对了

A.executive B.legislative C.judicial D.legal

8、The executive power is in the hands of ______.正确答案：C你选对了

A.Parliament B.the House of Commons

C.the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D.the Queen

9、______ is the real center of power in Parliament.正确答案：B你选对了

A.The Queen B.The House of Commons C.The House of Lords D.The Cabinet

10、Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the House of Commons?

A.To make laws

B.To act as a watchdog over the government

C.To serve as the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases

D.To control the raising and spending of money

正确答案：C你选对了