欢迎学习第4章“英国媒体：广播，报纸和电视”

传媒业在英国相当发达，英国是世界上广播电视事业发展最早，也是最发达的国家之一。电视，广播，报纸和杂志在英国人的日常生活中占有极其重要的位置。英国广播公司(BBC)成立于1922年，是世界上第一家公共广播机构。BBC 一直以来是英国的“国家广播工具”，它独具特色的广泛的节目类型，受到普遍好评。甚至在竞争不断加剧的时代，BBC仍然主导英国的广播电视业。BBC的宗旨是提供信息、教育与娱乐，通过本章慕课第一节的学习，你将会了解BBC的历史、性质、特点和现状。

尽管互联网的崛起很大程度地冲击了传统媒体，英国还是一个拥有广大报纸读者的国家。英国的报纸主要分为优质报纸和通俗小报。本章第二节主要介绍被称之为报业三巨头的严肃类报纸：《泰晤士报》、《卫报》和《每日电讯报》。

1936年BBC建立了电视台，之后电视机和电视播放迅猛发展，如今已进入了数字化时代。在享受科技进步的同时，对电视的批评也从未停止。电视台制作播出格调不高的真人秀等娱乐节目，迎合某些观众的低级趣味。英国小说家罗纳德 纳尔在“电视”一诗中，将电视称为“傻瓜玩意”（idiotic thing），把电视节目描述为“惊人可怕的垃圾”。本章最后一节请大家思考这个问题。

第4章单元测验

1、The BBC is mainly financed by ______.正确答案：A

A.payment from all people who possess TV sets

B.the income from advertisements

C.some large corporations

D.the British government

2、Who had ever the only control of the airwaves in the UK EXCEPT?正确答案：D

A.General Post Office

B.the British Broadcasting Company

C.the British Broadcasting Corporation

D.the British government

3、Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?正确答案：D

A.The BBC is run under a Royal Charter since its establishment.

B.Today the BBC provides more radio broadcasting than television output.

C.The BBC provides not only national broadcasting service but also world service.

D.The BBC is a private corporation.

4、Which of the following is a tabloid?正确答案：A

A.The Sun B.Sunday Times C.Morning Star D.The Economist

5、Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” EXCEPT ______.正确答案：C

A.The Times B.The Guardian C.The Observe D.The Daily Telegraph

6、Which of the following is NOT true about the Times?正确答案：C

A.Murdoch began to become famous through the purchase of The Times.

B.When John Walter III controlled the paper, he built the reputation of The Times.

C.The Times is the most popular newspaper in the U.K.

D.It was the founder, John Walter, who changed the name to The Times.

7、All the following are commercial television broadcasters EXCEPT ______.

A.BBC One and BBC Two B.Channel 3 C.Channel 4 D.ITV

正确答案：A你选对了

8、________ is reflected by criticism toward television since its creation.

A.The conflict between audiences and advertisers

B.The conflict between low-viewing programmes and popular programmes

C.Competition in the advertising market

D.A pressure on broadcasters such as ITV

正确答案：D你选对了

9、The “lowest common denominator”refers to ______.正确答案：B

A.a term in mathematics

B.the majority of people who easily accept low standards

C.common audience

D.common people

10、Newton N. Minow said, “if each of the audience sit down in front of their television set for a day, until the station signs off, I can assure you that what you will observe is ____________.”正确答案：A

A.a cultural wasteland B.a neglected land C.a desert D.a barren land