1）、在全食前的偏食阶段，由于持续时间很长，且和普通的偏食没有什么区别，因此这个阶段最重要的任务就是调焦。一定要反复、耐心的将焦距调到最好，以免到全食的时候留下遗憾。调焦纯粹就是一个经验活儿，没什么捷径可走。太阳上有黑子还好，要是没有黑子，就只能靠日轮边缘了。由于阳光太强，在回放时液晶屏可能看不清，因此应提前准备宽大且不透光的外套将自己的头和相机都罩在下面，这样才能比较舒服的查看图像。

2）、在食既时，主要的拍摄目标是贝利珠。贝利珠是因为月轮边缘凹凸不平，凹下去的地方透过来耀眼的阳光形成的视觉现象。拍摄贝利珠意味着全食阶段拍摄的开始，因此要提前摘掉滤光片。如果你有精确的预报时间和现场时间，那么在食既前15秒到1分钟摘掉滤光片是合适的，因为这时日面只剩下很小的一点点，短暂的直射不会对你的相机造成损害。如果你没有精确的时间，那么在取景器里通过滤光片看到太阳只剩下隐隐约约的一小点的时候就摘掉滤光片吧！

贝利珠的过程非常短暂，而且充满变化，因此这时最好使用相机的普通连拍功能（高速连拍则大可不必，贝利珠变化还没那么快，而且此模式会很快将相机内存充满）。至于曝光参数的调整，由于从你摘掉滤光片到贝利珠发生的时间间隔只有不到一分钟，这时再来调整相机参数可能会感到手忙脚乱，因此建议你先调好相机参数，再摘掉滤光片。具体参数请参考图16“日食摄影曝光参数表”里针对日珥的参数。

附带一提，拍摄贝利珠时，就已经可以同时拍下色球层和日珥了。

3）、全食阶段的主要拍摄目标有三个，一是日珥，二是日冕的内冕，三是日冕的外冕。其中内冕亮如满月，外冕则要暗上将近100倍，而日珥比内冕还要亮一些。本节后面的图16“日食摄影曝光参数表”出了不同情况下针对这三种目标的曝光参数，具有较高的参考价值。不过实际拍摄时并不需要严格遵照这个曝光表，曝光值增加一些或者减少一些都能获得很好的效果，另外还要考虑天上的云雾、太阳高度等对光强的影响。另外，由于外冕延伸的范围可能大大超过一个太阳直径，为了尽可能多的拍全日冕，应尽量保证太阳在画面的正中央，并且及时调整相机的角度令日冕的长轴位于画面的对角线上。

全食时还有一个好玩项目就是拍摄月面的地球照。全食时在月球的暗面看地球就好像一轮满月，非常明亮，因此月球的暗面其实会被地球照亮，只不过由于其亮度比之日冕差得太多，我们用肉眼看不出来。但是，如果我们比较大的延长曝光时间，就能拍到月球暗面的细节。根据经验，在f/8的器材下，ISO 1600，1/3秒曝光可以拍到很充分的地球照，大家可以根据自己的具体情况灵活设置曝光参数。

4）、生光和复圆过程的拍摄目标，类似食既和前半程偏食，这里就不再赘述了。

    日全食：由于地球轨道与月球轨道有一个5度的夹角，在特定的时间月球会运行至一个特别的位置，令太阳、月球及地球连成一线，这时月球刚好遮掩了太阳的光球，这样便形成一次日食。一次日全食的过程包括初亏、食既、食甚、生光、复圆5个阶段。

    带食日落：指日落时，日食还没有结束，可以看到难得一见的月牙状的太阳慢慢落入地平线下。

    地球而言，日全食并不罕见，一两年就会发生一次。但由于地球的表面积实在太大了，因此对于某一个特定的地点而言，平均300年左右才会发生一次日全食。幸运的是，今年8月1日和明年7月22日将在我国境内发生壮丽的日全食，今年的这次日全食，全食带从新疆东北入境，经甘肃大部和内蒙古西边缘，至陕西中部和山西西南角，最后在河南中部结束。这条线路很巧合地和我国古代的丝绸之路大致重合，因此也被称为“丝路日全食”。而在全食带的两边，是大面积的偏食带，几乎覆盖了整个中国。

    特别提醒：不要用肉眼直接看太阳。可以用专业的天文日食观测镜、电焊工戴的防护面罩、暗室用的多层深色玻璃等来减弱太阳光。还有一种简单的办法，就是接盆水，滴几点黑墨水，看影子。或者拿起手中的照相机，装上500-1000的头子，拍！

附：
2009年7月22日 中国各城市可见日食时间表（全食带内）
预报说明：因为位置关系，即使位于同一市、县的不同位置，预报时间可能与观测者实际地点的日食时间有几秒，甚至十几秒的差别，这点请观测者必须注意！表中是全食带里各市、县（120个）的预报时间和见食情况，供大家在选择观测地点时所用，最佳观测地点是以全食持续时间最长和食甚时太阳地平高度最高为准的（不考虑天气因素）。
PA   = 月球出入太阳面天极方位角，从天球北极 (并非太阳北极) 起量，东是 90度，南 180度，西 270度；
Alt = 太阳离开地平线的高度
初亏 = 日偏食开始
食既 = 日全食开始
食甚 = 日食中心时刻
生光 = 日全食结束
复圆 = 日偏食结束
食分 = 月球遮挡太阳的百份比，日全食的食分大于 1，日偏食和日环食的食分少于 1
预报全部采用 24 小时制的北京时间

城市 　初亏　　 Alt 　食既　　 食甚 　　Alt 　生光 　　　复圆 　　Alt 食分 　全食长
察隅 8h03m00s 15 9h03m05s 9h05m19s 28 9h07m33s 10h15m17s 44 1.07 4m27.5s
德钦 8h03m23s 16 9h04m24s 9h06m28s 30 9h08m31s 10h17m24s 45 1.07 4m06.8s
成都 8h07m07s 22 9h11m13s 9h12m18s 36 9h14m24s 10h26m23s 52 1.072 3m11.2s
崇州 8h06m53s 22 9h10m50s 9h12m21s 36 9h13m52s 10h25m42s 51 1.072 3m01.5s
达州 8h09m35s 25 9h15m47s 9h17m08s 40 9h18m30s 10h32m36s 56 1.073 2m43s
大竹 8h09m05s 25 9h14m18s 9h16m34s 39 9h18m50s 10h32m03s 56 1.073 4m32.2s
峨眉山 8h06m08s 21 9h09m17s 9h11m39s 35 9h14m02s 10h25m14s 51 1.072 4m45.8s
广安 8h08m32s 24 9h13m19s 9h15m45s 39 9h18m10s 10h31m00s 55 1.073 4m51.1s
华蓥 8h08m35s 25 9h13m24s 9h15m53s 39 9h18m22s 10h31m15s 55 1.073 4m57.4s
夹江 8h06m16s 21 9h09m25s 9h11m49s 35 9h14m14s 10h25m24s 51 1.072 4m49.2s
简阳 8h07m12s 22 9h11m02s 9h13m13s 36 9h15m25s 10h27m12s 52 1.072 4m23.5s
康定 8h05m36s 20 9h08m10s 9h10m13s 34 9h12m15s 10h22m41s 49 1.071 4m04.8s
乐山 8h06m16s 21 9h09m35s 9h11m57s 35 9h14m18s 10h25m42s 51 1.072 4m42.8s
理塘 8h04m48s 18 9h06m55s 9h08m29s 32 9h10m03s 10h19m54s 47 1.071 3m07.8s
眉山 8h06m35s 22 9h09m53s 9h12m15s 36 9h14m37s 10h25m54s 52 1.072 4m43.3s
沐川 8h06m01s 21 9h10m23s 9h11m50s 35 9h13m17s 10h25m50s 52 1.072 2m53.9s
内江 8h07m00s 23 9h11m13s 9h13m26s 37 9h15m39s 10h28m01s 53 1.072 4m26.3s
南充 8h08m23s 24 9h13m15s 9h15m13s 38 9h17m10s 10h29m59s 54 1.073 3m55.0s
青神 8h06m28s 21 9h09m45s 9h12m10s 36 9h14m35s 10h25m54s 52 1.072 4m50.2s
邛崃 8h06m37s 21 9h10m06s 9h12m01s 35 9h13m55s 10h25m18s 51 1.072 3m48.9s
射洪 8h08m00s 23 9h12m51s 9h14m24s 37 9h15m58s 10h28m43s 53 1.073 3m07.3s
石棉 8h05m20s 20 9h08m00s 9h10m16s 34 9h12m31s 10h23m13s 50 1.072 4m30.5s
遂宁 8h07m53s 23 9h12m13s 9h14m28s 38 9h16m43s 10h29m03s 54 1.073 4m30.2s
乡城 8h03m59s 17 9h05m15s 9h07m31s 31 9h09m47s 10h18m55s 47 1.071 4m31.8s
雅安 8h06m07s 21 9h09m01s 9h11m18s 35 9h13m36s 10h24m27s 51 1.072 4m35.1s
越西 8h05m05s 20 9h09m03s 9h10m07s 34 9h11m12s 10h23m19s 50 1.072 2m09.9s
资阳 8h07m06s 22 9h10m48s 9h13m13s 37 9h15m37s 10h27m21s 53 1.072 4m48.7s
自贡 8h06m44s 22 9h10m58s 9h13m01s 37 9h15m04s 10h27m28s 53 1.072 4m05.7s
重庆 8h07m57s 24 9h13m12s 9h15m13s 39 9h17m15s 10h30m43s 55 1.073 4m02.4s
奉节 8h10m57s 27 9h17m30s 9h19m45s 42 9h21m59s 10h36m29s 58 1.074 4m28.9s
合川 8h08m01s 24 9h12m37s 9h15m05s 38 9h17m33s 10h30m17s 55 1.073 4m55.9s
江津 8h07m38s 24 9h13m16s 9h14m47s 38 9h16m18s 10h30m11s 55 1.073 3m01.6s
武隆 8h08m42s 25 9h15m44s 9h16m43s 40 9h17m42s 10h33m02s 57 1.073 1m58.0s
忠县 8h09m25s 26 9h14m56s 9h17m28s 40 9h20m01s 10h33m39s 57 1.073 5m05.3s
津市 8h11m59s 29 9h21m27s 9h22m20s 45 9h23m12s 10h40m53s 61 1.074 1m45.1s
武汉 8h14m54s 32 9h23m59s 9h26m41s 48 9h29m22s 10h46m17s 65 1.075 5m23.1s
安陆 8h14m40s 32 9h23m27s 9h22m53s 47 9h28m19s 10h44m50s 64 1.075 4m51.5s
赤壁 8h14m08s 32 9h25m08s 9h25m52s 47 9h26m37s 10h45m39s 64 1.075 1m29.2s
大治 8h15m23s 33 9h25m34s 9h27m43s 49 9h29m51s 10h47m53s 66 1.075 4m17.4s
当阳 8h12m42s 30 9h20m16s 9h22m54s 45 9h25m32s 10h41m02s 61 1.074 5m16.2s
鄂州 8h15m26s 33 9h25m03s 9h27m38s 48 9h30m12s 10h47m38s 65 1.075 5m09.6s
恩施 8h10m29s 27 9h16m52s 9h19m25s 42 9h21m57s 10h36m27s 59 1.074 5m05.7s
广水 8h14m59s 32 9h24m27s 9h26m11s 47 9h27m54s 10h45m00s 64 1.075 3m26.8s
汉川 8h14m30s 32 9h23m16s 9h25m59s 47 9h28m42s 10h45m19s 64 1.075 5m25.5s
红安 8h15m35s 33 9h24m54s 9h27m21s 48 9h29m49s 10h46m46s 65 1.075 4m54.7s
洪湖 8h13m46s 31 9h23m50s 9h25m14s 47 9h26m38s 10h44m44s 64 1.075 2m47.9s
黄冈 8h15m26s 33 9h25m00s 9h27m37s 48 9h30m14s 10h47m35s 65 1.075 5m13.8s
黄梅 8h16m25s 34 9h27m16s 9h29m21s 50 9h31m26s 10h50m02s 67 1.076 4m10.1s
黄石 8h15m33s 33 9h25m33s 9h27m54s 49 9h30m16s 10h48m05s 66 1.075 4m42.6s
荆门 8h13m10s 30 9h21m02s 9h23m34s 45 9h26m06s 10h41m50s 62 1.074 5m04.8s
荆州 8h12m51s 30 9h20m56s 9h23m27s 45 9h25m58s 10h42m05s 62 1.075 5m01.3s
利川 8h10m04s 27 9h16m06s 9h18m39s 41 9h21m13s 10h35m22s 58 1.074 5m06.3s
罗田 8h16m08s 34 9h25m45s 9h28m32s 49 9h31m19s 10h48m36s 66 1.075 5m33.1s
麻城 8h15m57s 33 9h25m25s 9h28m00s 49 9h30m36s 10h47m41s 65 1.075 5m11.4s
潜江 8h13m29s 31 9h21m52s 9h24m28s 46 9h27m03s 10h43m24s 63 1.075 5m11.1s
沙洋 8h13m21s 31 9h21m23s 9h24m04s 46 9h26m45s 10h42m43s 62 1.075 5m22.7s
石首 8h12m43s 30 9h22m21s 9h23m32s 45 9h24m43s 10h42m30s 62 1.075 2m22.0s
松滋 8h12m21s 30 9h20m19s 9h22m42s 45 9h25m05s 10h41m07s 62 1.074 4m45.9s
随州 8h14m37s 32 9h24m13s 9h25m31s 47 9h26m49s 10h44m03s 63 1.075 2m36.3s
天门 8h13m51s 31 9h22m14s 9h24m56s 46 9h27m38s 10h43m55s 63 1.075 5m23.9s
武穴 8h15m55s 34 9h27m17s 9h28m40s 49 9h30m03s 10h49m16s 66 1.075 2m46.2s
仙桃 8h13m59s 31 9h22m46s 9h25m18s 47 9h27m51s 10h44m34s 64 1.075 5m05.9s
咸丰 8h09m55s 27 9h16m57s 9h18m44s 42 9h20m32s 10h35m48s 58 1.074 3m34.8s
咸宁 8h14m36s 32 9h25m00s 9h26m33s 48 9h28m06s 10h46m28s 65 1.075 3m05.7s
孝感 8h14m43s 32 9h23m29s 9h26m11s 47 9h28m53s 10h45m26s 64 1.075 5m24.3s
兴山 8h12m03s 29 9h19m22s 9h21m31s 44 9h23m40s 10h38m53s 60 1.074 4m18.2s
宜昌 8h12m12s 29 9h19m28s 9h22m07s 44 9h24m45s 10h40m01s 61 1.074 5m17.1s
宜城 8h13m37s 30 9h22m48s 9h23m51s 45 9h24m53s 10h41m48s 62 1.075 2m04.7s
宜都 8h12m10s 29 9h19m41s 9h22m16s 44 9h24m51s 10h40m25s 61 1.074 5m09.7s
应城 8h14m23s 32 9h22m57s 9h25m38s 47 9h28m18s 10h44m41s 64 1.075 5m21.4s
英山 8h16m24s 34 9h26m13s 9h28m59s 49 9h31m46s 10h49m13s 66 1.075 5m33.5s
枝江 8h12m27s 30 9h20m07s 9h22m43s 45 9h25m19s 10h41m01s 61 1.074 5m11.7s
合肥 8h18m40s 36 9h30m55s 9h31m49s 51 9h32m44s 10h52m09s 68 1.076 1m49.5s
安庆 8h17m48s 35 9h28m33s 9h31m18s 51 9h34m02s 10h52m17s 68 1.076 5m28.7s
巢湖 8h19m10s 36 9h30m48s 9h32m45s 52 9h34m43s 10h53m29s 68 1.076 3m55.4s
池州 8h18m21s 36 9h29m15s 9h32m04s 52 9h34m53s 10h53m12s 69 1.076 5m37.9s
广德 8h20m43s 38 9h32m39s 9h35m31s 54 9h38m24s 10h57m20s 71 1.076 5m44.9s
黄山 8h19m00s 37 9h32m49s 9h33m31s 53 9h34m14s 10h55m30s 70 1.076 1m25.3s
六安 8h17m46s 35 9h29m00s 9h30m29s 50 9h31m59s 10h50m32s 67 1.076 2m58.9s
马鞍山 8h19m58s 37 9h32m20s 9h33m52s 53 9h35m25s 10h54m47s 69 1.076 3m04.3s
宁国 8h20m06s 37 9h31m52s 9h34m44s 53 9h37m36s 10h56m31s 70 1.076 5m43.6s
石台 8h18m10s 36 9h29m38s 9h32m02s 52 9h34m26s 10h53m23s 69 1.076 4m48.0s
桐城 8h17m55s 35 9h28m25s 9h31m11s 51 9h33m56s 10h51m51s 68 1.076 5m30.7s
铜陵 8h18m49s 36 9h29m48s 9h32m37s 52 9h35m27s 10h53m44s 69 1.076 5m39.4s
芜湖 8h19m39s 37 9h31m09s 9h33m39s 53 9h36m09s 10h54m46s 69 1.076 4m59.9s
宣城 8h19m56s 37 9h31m28s 9h34m19s 53 9h37m10s 10h55m49s 70 1.076 5m41.4s
岳西 8h17m10s 35 9h27m20s 9h30m09s 50 9h32m57s 10h50m39s 67 1.076 5m36.5s
九江 8h16m20s 34 9h28m57s 9h29m23s 50 9h29m49s 10h50m15s 67 1.076 51.6s
常熟 8h22m40s 40 9h36m25s 9h37m55s 56 9h39m25s 10h59m44s 72 1.077 3m00s
常州 8h21m45s 39 9h35m29s 9h36m29s 55 9h37m29s 10h57m56s 71 1.076 1m59.6s
金坛 8h21m17s 38 9h34m32s 9h35m49s 54 9h37m07s 10h57m09s 70 1.076 2m35.3s
昆山 8h22m50s 40 9h36m04s 9h38m20s 56 9h40m36s 11h00m23s 72 1.077 4m31.9s
溧阳 8h21m01s 38 9h33m20s 9h35m39s 54 9h37m58s 10h57m09s 70 1.076 4m37.5s
苏州 8h22m20s 39 9h35m11s 9h37m39s 55 9h40m07s 10h59m38s 72 1.077 4m55.5s
太仓 8h23m04s 40 9h36m31s 9h38m37s 56 9h40m43s 11h00m42s 72 1.077 4m12.1s
无锡 8h22m05s 39 9h35m16s 9h37m07s 55 9h38m59s 10h58m50s 71 1.077 3m43.2s
吴江 8h22m20s 39 9h35m06s 9h37m45s 55 9h40m25s 10h59m51s 72 1.077 5m19.0s
宜兴 8h21m24s 38 9h33m50s 9h36m14s 54 9h38m39s 10h57m55s 71 1.076 4m48.7s
杭州 8h21m26s 39 9h34m16s 9h36m56s 55 9h39m35s 10h59m23s 72 1.077 5m19.3s
安吉 8h20m57s 38 9h33m07s 9h36m01s 54 9h38m55s 10h58m04s 71 1.076 5m47.5s
慈溪 8h22m48s 40 9h36m16s 9h38m57s 56 9h41m38s 11h01m50s 73 1.077 5m22s
富阳 8h21m05s 38 9h34m11s 9h36m30s 55 9h38m50s 10h58m59s 72 1.077 4m39.7s
海宁 8h22m11s 39 9h34m59s 9h37m54s 56 9h40m48s 11h00m23s 72 1.077 5m49.1s
湖州 8h21m33s 39 9h33m53s 9h36m46s 55 9h39m40s 10h58m51s 71 1.077 5m47.2s
嘉兴 8h22m20s 39 9h35m03s 9h37m59s 56 9h40m55s 11h00m22s 72 1.077 5m51.7s
临安 8h20m52s 38 9h33m29s 9h36m05s 54 9h38m41s 10h58m23s 71 1.076 5m11.4s
宁波 8h23m08s 40 9h37m24s 9h39m36s 57 9h41m47s 11h02m45s 74 1.077 4m23.5s
平湖 8h22m40s 40 9h35m33s 9h38m30s 56 9h41m27s 11h01m01s 73 1.077 5m53.3s
上虞 8h22m17s 40 9h35m52s 9h38m16s 56 9h40m41s 11h01m07s 73 1.077 4m49.1s
绍兴 8h21m54s 39 9h35m26s 9h37m43s 56 9h40m01s 11h00m28s 73 1.077 4m34.8s
嵊泗 8h24m36s 41 9h38m18s 9h41m15s 58 9h44m12s 11h04m13s 74 1.077 5m54.1s
嵊州 8h22m06s 39 9h37m31s 9h38m12s 56 9h38m53s 11h01m14s 73 1.077 1m22.5s
桐庐 8h20m40s 38 9h34m24s 9h35m59s 54 9h37m34s 10h58m29s 72 1.076 3m10.2s
桐乡 8h22m03s 39 9h34m42s 9h37m37s 55 9h40m33s 11h00m01s 72 1.077 5m51.4s
象山 8h22m42s 40 ——— 9h39m08s 57 ——— 11h02m24s 74 0.998 ———
余姚 8h22m39s 40 9h36m20s 9h38m49s 56 9h41m18s 11h01m45s 73 1.077 4m57.9s
舟山 8h23m56s 41 9h38m06s 9h40m40s 58 9h43m14s 11h03m56s 74 1.077 5m08.5s
诸暨 8h21m24s 39 9h35m48s 9h37m07s 55 9h38m25s 10h59m53s 72 1.077 2m37.4s
上海 8h23m27s 40 9h36m48s 9h39m18s 56 9h41m49s 11h01m39s 73 1.077 5m01.1s
崇明 8h23m30s 40 9h37m42s 9h39m07s 56 9h40m33s 11h01m10s 72 1.077 2m52s

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