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多个形容词修饰一个名词时的排列顺序

(2007-12-18 15:55:42)
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学习公社

 多个形容词修饰一个名词时,其顺序为:
限定词+数词+大小+长短+形状+新旧+颜色+出处+材料性质+类别名词

英文形容词的排序

关于两个及两个以上形容词修饰同一名词的顺序,一般语法书都有讲解。如《郎文英语语法》描述为:品质→尺寸→新旧→样式→颜色→产地→过去分词。 
 
为了让英语学习者容易记住这些形容词的顺序,英国广播公司(BBC)在英语教学节目"Professor Grammar"中提出了一种称为OPSHACOM的方法。现介绍给广大读者。 
OPSHACOM(读作/ˋCpFQkRm/)是个拼缀词,它的涵义如下: 
OP---opinion评述性词。如beautiful,wonderful,expensive,terrible, 
horrible,lovely,silly,ugly等。 
SH---size &shape表大些形状的词。如 long,short,round,square等。 
A---age表新旧的词。如new,old等。 
C---colour表颜色的词。如red,black,purple,brown,yellow等。 
O---origin表产地的词。如Italian,Spanish,Canadian,Australian,Japanese 
等。 
M---material表材料的词。如leather,glass,rubber,metal,silk,plastic等。 
按此顺序,"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英语为"a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。" 
理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词,但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个。因此,掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题。 
学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项: 
1各修饰词(即形容词)可有缺项,但顺序不变。如:a small Swiss watch。 
2当表大小(或长短)的词与表形状的词同时出现时,大小(或长短)在前,形状在后。如:a large square table。 
3定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。 
4数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。(数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用)
5分词最靠近所修饰的名词。如:his new Japanese timing device;three scottish handmade skirts。 
下面请读者做几道练习题: 
用OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确顺序排列: 
1.(Canadian ,extraordinary ,an ,new)play 
2.(green,a,large)garden 
3.(gold,British,the,round)coin 
4.(ugly,writing,the,steel,seven)desks 
5.(purple ,Russian ,nice ,long ,her)coat 
答案: 
1.an extraordinary new Canadian play 
2.a large green garden 
3.the round British gold coin 
4.the seven ugly steel writing desks 
5.her nice long purple Russian coat
形容词排序到底是什么一种顺序? 请选择: He paid ______normal price for his watch .
A. a half B. half C. half the D. the half 2007-08-16 22:51:02   最佳答案回答:带着贝壳旅行

C
这不是形容词排序问题

the 是定冠词 这里用在名词前表特指

形容词排序规则是

描 描述性形容词
大 表大小的形容词
新 表新旧的形容词
颜 表颜色的形容词
国 表国籍的形容词
材 表材料的形容词

描述性的界定不明显 但其他的判断出来问题也就解决了

  多个形容词作定语时的词序排列问题是高中教学的难点,也是高考考查的热点,在2004、2005、2006年全国多套高考题中对于此点的考查总共出现了5次。下面结合高考题来总结归纳排序问题的基本规律,并以巧记口诀来帮助突破此难点。
  多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律:
  如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如: a small wonderful gift。
  限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)
  记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读、多体会,增强语感是关键。例如:
  all these last few days最近的这些日子
  some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花
  a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙
  a beautiful white Japanese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车
  其中限定词的排列顺序为:
  all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词+冠词 /指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格/ some / any / no / every / each+基数词 /序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more,形容词的排列顺序为:大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料、用途、类别等。如:
  尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律,但由于所涉及的词太多,想要记清楚确实有难度。下面依此列一个表格,以加深印象:
  http://qkzz.net/view/1003-6822B/2007/01/gsyy20070104-1-l.jpg
  为了便于同学们记忆,下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆:
  前中序基和其它,性状质形长短和大小,新旧冷暖颜色和材料,还有动名加名莫忘了。
  第一句主要用于解决排在最前面的多个限定词之间的顺序,它可对应于all(千位)these(中位)last(序数词)few(数量词)days短语中。口诀中后三句可对应于一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句话中得以体现,而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”,即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词,如国籍、材料、用途等,则能轻松突破此难点。

  考例分析:
  1. The husband gave his wife_____ in order to please her. (2004 重庆 33题)
  A. all half his income
  B. his half all income
  C. half his all income
  D. all his half income
  分析: 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“前中序基和其它”可确定答案。all half 都是前位限定词,his 是中位限定词,所以his 应放在all和half的后面。
  2. The_____ house is as if it has not been lived in for years. (2004 江苏 32题)
  A. little white wooden
  B. little wooden white
  C. white wooden little
  D. wooden white little
  分析: 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“新旧冷暖颜色和材料”可确定答案。wooden作为材料词应放在后面。
  3. This_____ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005北京)
  A. pretty little Spanish
  B. Spanish little pretty
  C. Spanish pretty little
  D. little pretty Spanish
  分析: 此题答案为A。上述几个形容词可利用口诀中的中间两句:“性状质形长短和大小,新旧冷暖颜色和材料。”来确定它们之间的先后顺序。
  巩固练习
  1._____ students are required to take part in
   the boat race. (2004 浙江)
   A. Ten strong young Chinese
   B. Ten Chinese strong young
   C. Chinese ten young strong
   D. Young strong ten Chinese
  2. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_____ car. (2004 辽宁 22题)
  A. large Germen white
  B. large white German
  C. white large German
  D. German large white
  3. Tony is going camping with_____ boys. (93全国)
   A. little two other B. two little other
   C.two other little D. little other two
  4. —How was your recent visit to Qindao?
   —It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the_____ days at the seaside. (95 全国)
   A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
  C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
  5._____ lessons were not difficult.
   A. Our few first short English
   B. Our first few short English
   C. Our few first English short
   D. Few our first English short
  6. —Let me help you, Tom.
  —Thank you, I can do it. Here is_____ to hold all these things .
   A. a big enough case
   B. an enough big case
   C. a case enough big
   D. a case big enough
  7. Mr Smith bought a_____ purse for his wife.
   A. small black leather
   B. black leather small
   C. small leather black
   D. black small leather
  8. Excuse me. Can I borrow your_____ pencil box?
   A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic
   C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue
  9._____ flowers are used for decorations in the house.
   A. These all beautiful red small
   B. All these beautiful small red
   C. These all red small beautiful
   D. All these small red beautiful
  10. In the dirty street, there are many_____plastics.
  A. white small flyingB. flying small white
  C. small white flyingD. flying small white
  Keys: 1. A2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B10. C

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