完成时中瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
(2009-11-29 14:23:27)
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OXFORD ENGLISH 9A CHAPTER 3 牛津英语9A第三章
延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换
一、
二、瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别:
1、用于完成时的区别
1)延续动词表示经验、经历;
2)瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
eg.
2、用于till和until从句的差异
1)延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……,直到……”
2)瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”
eg. 1.He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10点才回来。
这里对一些词做一些总结:
瞬间动词
arrive
begin/start
die
fall
ill/sick/asleep
get
up
go
out
finish
put
on
open
join
close
go to
school
borrow
buy
catch(a
cold)
get to
know
begin to
study
come to
work
get
up
leave
如:
1.He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。
2.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
3.The film has
been on for ten minutes.
4.We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
常见的短暂性动:come,leave,
短暂性动词转化为延续性动词一览表
buy |
have |
borrow |
keep |
catch/get a cold |
have a cold |
come |
be |
become |
be |
go |
be |
put on |
wear |
join the army |
be in the army /be a soldier |
go to school |
be a student |
die |
be dead |
begin |
be on |
leave |
be away |
fall asleep |
be asleep |
close |
be closed |
1. 他离开这儿已经六天了。
He has been away from here for 6 days / since 6 days ago.
2. 他父亲死了3年了。
His father has been dead for 3 years / since 3 years ago.
=It’s 3years since his father died.
=His father died 3 years ago.
注意:
非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,表示动作的延续过程。
比如:He hasn’t borrowed any books for half a year.
现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换
现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how
long”提问的句子中,句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是,有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的,这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如:come,
go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start,
finish等。在现在完成时的句子中,非延续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时,常会出现错误。例如:
(误)Tom has bought the
book for a week.
(正)Tom has had
the book for a week.
(误)My
father had joined the Party for ten years.
(正)My father has been in the Party for ten
years.
如果要表示动作的连续性,就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语,具体转换如下:
come/go/reach/arrive→be in/at,
leave→be away from,
borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be in/be a member of,
die→be dead,
start/begin→be on,
finish/end→be over,
open→be open (adj.),
close→be closed (adj.),
marry→be married
注意:
1.
非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,表示动作的延续过程。例如:
She
hasn’t bought any new clothes since last
year.
2.
在现在完成时的肯定句中,非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for,since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如:
He has been away from
Beijing for two years.
= He left
Beijing two years ago.
= It is
two years since he left Beijing.
= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.
练习:用现在完成时改写下列句子,使A,B两句意思基本一致。每空限填一词。
1. A. They came to our school in
1980.
B. They ____ ____ ____ our
school since 1980.
2. A. The man
died five years ago.
B. The man
____ ____ ____ for five years.
3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago.
B. The meeting ____ ____ ____ for two
minutes.
4. A. We borrowed two
books last week.
B. We ____ ____
the two books for a week.
5. A.
When did the train arrive here?
B. How long ____ the train ____ here?