A nosebleed can be scary to get—or see—but try to stay calm. Most nosebleeds look much worse than they really are. Almost all nosebleeds can be treated at home.

   If you get a nosebleed, sit down and lean slightly forward and breathe through the mouth. Keeping your head above your heart will make your nose bleed less.

You can also place a cold compress（压布，敷布）or an ice pack（裹布，敷布） across the bridge of your nose, or on the back of your neck or your forehead.
   Use your thumb（大拇指） and index finger（食指） to squeeze together/ pinch the soft portion (part) of your nose.

Keep holding your nose until the bleeding stops. Don’t let go for at least 5 minutes. If it’s still bleeding, hold it again for 10 minutes straight.
    Once the bleeding stops, don’t do anything that may make it start again, such as bending over or blowing your nose.

See your doctor if:

"     The bleeding goes on for more than 15 minutes.

"     The bleeding follows an accident, a fall or an injury to your head, including a punch (用拳打，殴打) in the face that may have broken your nose

"     You get nosebleeds often.

Tips (小贴示) on preventing nosebleeds

"     Keep children’s fingernails short to discourage nose picking.

"     Counteract(抵消，抵抗) the drying effects of indoor heated air by using a humidifier (加湿器) at night in your bedroom.

"     Quit smoking. Smoking dries out your nose and also irritates it.

"     Open your mouth when you sneeze.

来源：http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/firstaid/basics/132.html

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-nosebleeds/HQ00105

http://www.stjohn.org.nz/tips/nosebleeds.aspx