徵引書目:
(一)史料
1. 陳全之,《蓬窗日錄》上冊,上海:上海書店,1985。
2. 畢恭等修、任洛等重修,《遼東志》,《續修四庫全書》,第646冊,上海:上海古籍出版社,1995。
3. 張廷玉,《明史》,北京:中華書局,1974。
4.《明太宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
5.《明宣宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
6. 龙文彬,《明會要》,北京:中華書局,1956。
7.《明英宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
8. 王世貞,《弇山堂別集》,北京:中華書局,1985。
9.《明仁宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
10.《明憲宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
11. 王世貞,《藝苑卮言》,濟南:齊魯書社,1992。
12. 正德《明會典》,文淵閣四庫全書本。
13.《明孝宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
14.《明世宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
15. 焦竑,《玉堂叢語》,北京:中華書局,1981。
16.《明武宗實錄》,台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1962。
17. 楊廷和,《楊文忠三錄》,文淵閣四庫全書本。
18. 胡汝礪、管律,《嘉靖寧夏新志》,銀川:寧夏人民出版社,1982。
19. 张钦纂修,《大同府志》,《四庫全書存目叢書》,第186冊,濟南:齊魯書社,1996。
20. 查繼佐,《罪惟錄》,北京:北京图书馆出版社,2006。
21. 朱乃恭修、席之瓚纂,《懷來縣誌》,《中国方志丛书》,塞北地方第24号,台北:成文出版社,1969。
22. 楊一清,《楊一清集》,北京:中華書局,2001。
23. 陳子龍,《明經世文編》,北京:中華書局,1962。
24. 李贄,《續藏書》下冊,北京:中華書局,1959。
25.何孟春,《何文簡疏議》,文淵閣四庫全書本。
26. 陳洪謨,《治世余聞》,北京:中華書局,1985。
27.《永嘉縣誌(五編)》,《中國歷代石刻史料彙編》,電子版,北京大學圖書館。
(二)論文
1. 方志遠,<明代的鎮守中官制度>,《文史》,第40輯(北京,1994.9),頁131-145。
2. 田澍,<嘉靖前期革除鎮守中官述論——兼與方志遠先生商榷>,《文史》,第49輯(北京,1999.12),頁203-220。
3. 胡丹,<明代「九邊」鎮守內官考論>,《中國邊疆史地研究》,第2期(北京,2009.6),頁22-30。
4. 胡丹,<志書中的明代宦官史料>,《中國地方誌》,第3期(北京,2009.3),頁30-32。
The Construction and Disintegration of the “Three- Court System”:Take the Grand Defending Eunuchs as the Center
Hu,Dan
(Department of History, Peking University)
After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, carried out a thorough transformation to the “provincial” level management system, formed a set complex system, which separated the borders and provinces, the civilians and the servicemen. But the man-made system could not cope with the future political situation changes. The Dynasty founder had established “the family discipline”, did not allow any changes. Therefore, “the ancestral system of immutable” and “the old system cannot be invariable”, the body of the contradictions would later be developing difficultly. Its characteristic is: under the premise of not going against the system, sent officials to local affairs, to fill the sinus disadvantages. These imperial officials later fixed to build a new rule framework, as the core “three hall systems” most typical. However, the system was just a transitional form between the "Hongwu system" and a new one. To the Jiajing middle age, with the abolition of eunuch officials, this system will also collapse, and simultaneously announced the civil official-centric “imperial inspector system” official birth. There is no doubt that at this centuries-long duration, the system of eunuch officers played a significant role, which is the key to the studies on this transformation.
Keywords: The Ming
Dynasty, Three-Courts System(三堂體制), Grand Defending Eunuch(鎮守內官)
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