“路线图”是怎么回事?

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2012年9期语言与文化杂谈 |
“路线图”是怎么回事?
(选自《英语世界》2012年第9期)

报载:最近,联合国的科学家们绘制了一份人类消失路线图。人们不禁要问:路线图是跟行走驾车相关的事,怎么扯上了人类消失?路线图是怎么回事?
其实,“路线图”的这个比喻意来自英语,是 road map或roadmap的直译。
road
map
road map的第二个释义是引申义:a set of instructions or suggestions about how to do sth. or find out about sth.。road map不再是一张地图,而是实施一项行动的计划或方案。就像汉语成语“按图索骥”一样,其意思是比喻“按照线索寻找事物”。road map包括目标、准则、说明、步骤、建议和时间表等内容,例如:
1. An expert panel is working out a road map to reach the goal of realizing peace in this area through dialogue. 一个专家小组正在制订一个通过对话实现该地区和平目标的行动方案。
technology
roadmap
2. A technology roadmap is a plan that matches short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions to help meet those goals. 技术路线图是使短期和长期目标与具体的技术解决方案相配合以实现这些目标的计划。
3. The importance of technology roadmapping lies in the fact that it plays a success-determining role at the front end of the innovation process. 应用技术路线图规划的重要性在于它在创新过程的前沿对成功起着决定性作用。
walking
map
4. The walking map is a guide to the local businesses and hot spots in this area. 这个步行路线图是本区域内当地商铺和热点的指南。
walking map的比喻意义是指“对某地区地理情况很熟悉的人”,相当于“活地图”,例如:
5. As he is familiar with the bus routes, and knows well where to take or change the bus, people call him “a walking map”. 他熟知公交车路线,熟知在什么地方乘车和换车,因此人们称他为“活地图”。
我们看电视的天气预报节目时,预报员身后充当背景的那张专业地图叫做
6. Through simplified scientific explanations and colorful pictures, a child can learn how to read a weather map from the nightly news, for example, how rain is formed. 通过简要的科学解释和彩色图画,一个儿童能学会读懂晚间新闻节目的天气图,例如,雨是怎样形成的。
7. If you learn how to read a boating weather map, you can be safe when you're on the water. 如果你学会读懂航海天气图,你就能安全航行。
gene
map
8. A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. 基因图谱是对一个单一基因结构的描述性表现。
9. A genetic map shows the location of genes and other DNA elements on a chromosome. 遗传图谱表示基因和其他DNA分子在染色体上的位置。
to put
sb./sth. on the map
10. His impressive performance on the Spring Festival Gala really put him on the map. 他在春节晚会上的出色演出果真使他一举成名。
11. The exhibition actually helped put our city on the map. 这次展览会实际上帮助我们的城市一举成名。
to wipe
sb./sth. off the
map
12. The enemy attempted to wipe the small town off the map. 敌人企图毁灭这座小城镇。
13. We wish we would wipe Aids off the map some day. 我们希望有朝一日我们能消灭艾滋病。
“路线图”一词,尤其是在表示“计划”或“方案”的意思时已越来越多地被媒体所使用。我们会常常见到或听到“改革路线图”、“发展路线图”等提法。由于“路线图”寓意清楚,形象生动,普通群众也越来越接受“路线图”的比喻意义。我们自然不会忘记“路线图”一词,就是译自road map。 □