福克纳诺贝尔获奖演说-作家的责任
(2020-03-21 20:56:48)| 分类: 译文分析 |
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
William Faulkner
诺贝尔奖获奖演说
威廉·福克纳
(吴文安译评)
Ladies and gentlemen,
1. I feel that this award was not made to me as a man but to my work - a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.
女士们,先生们,
2. So this award is only mine in trust.
3. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which l might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
因此,这份奖金不过是托我保管而已。
为这份奖项的金钱找到与其最初目的和意义相称的归宿并不难,但我还想为奖金的荣誉找一个归宿。我愿意利用这个时刻,这个举世瞩目的讲坛,向那些倾听我的声音,并且已经献身于同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们中某些人必然有一天也会站到我现在所处的讲台上。
4. Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.
我们今天的悲剧是一种普遍存在的生理上的恐惧,这种恐惧存在已久,以致我们甘愿忍受下去。人们不再关心精神问题了。唯一的疑问是:我什么时候会被炸得粉身碎骨?正因如此,今天从事写作的男女青年已经忘记了人类内心矛盾纠结的各种问题。然而,只有触及到这种人类内心的矛盾纠结才能产生出好作品,因为这是唯一值得描写、值得呕心沥血耕耘的题材。
5. He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.
他必须重新认识这些问题。他必须使自己明白世间最可鄙的事情莫过于恐惧。他必须使自己永远忘却恐惧。在他的工作室里除了心底古老的真理之外,不允许容留任何别的东西。没有这古老的普遍真理,任何小说都只能昙花一现,注定要失败;这些真理就是关爱、荣誉、怜悯、自尊、同情、牺牲等人类情愫。如果他做不到这些,他的血汗将毫无回报。他所描写的将不是爱情而是情欲,他所描写的失败中没有人将会有所损失,他所描写的胜利中将会没有希望,更糟糕的是没有怜悯或者同情。他的悲伤不是因人类普遍的悲剧而触发,所以留不下深刻的印痕。他描写的不是心灵而是器官。
6. Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail [1] . He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance.
在他重新了解这些以前,他的创作如同身处众人当中无奈地目睹人类末日来临,(而不能高瞻远瞩有所作为)。我无法接受人类已到末日的说法。仅仅因为人类将延续下去就认为人类不朽,这样推理自然很容易。即使末世的最后一次钟声已经敲过并且消弭无踪,在那个残阳如血死气沉沉的傍晚,潮汐隐没,最后的礁石跫然孤立,仍然会有一种声音在回荡,那就是人类微弱然而绵绵不绝的声音。我不能接受这种观点。我相信人类不仅能延续下去,而且能发扬光大。人类不朽不是因为在芸芸众生中唯独他的声音绵绵不绝,而是因为他具有灵魂,具有一种精神,这种精神使人类具备了同情、牺牲和忍耐的品德。
7. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice, which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.
诗人和作家的职责就是描写这些品德。诗人和作家的特殊职责就是去鼓舞人心,使之牢记过去曾经的荣耀——他曾拥有过勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、同情、怜悯和牺牲精神——唯有如此人类才可以延续下去。诗人的声音不应该只是人类的记录,而应该是支柱和栋梁,支撑着人类,使其世代延续并且发扬光大。
【背景知识】2012年12月,中国作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖,引发国内诺贝尔奖热潮。在此选取1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国作家威廉福克纳的获奖感言,作为学习翻译的篇章。福克纳跟莫言其实有相似之处,莫言作品着力描写山东高密东北乡,而福克纳一生19部长篇小说和近百篇短篇小说当中,有15部长篇与绝大多数短篇故事都发生在虚构的约克纳帕塔法县,称为约克纳帕塔法世系。他描写杰弗逊镇以及郊区若干个家族几代人的故事,时间跨度从1800年起直到第二次世界大战之后。最有名的作品为《喧哗与骚动》(The Sound and the Fury)。福克纳的叙事喜欢用意识流手法,天马行空,而语言则结构繁复,颇多晦涩。这些特点在这篇感言中有所体现,句子复杂,意象诡异,翻译难度较大。

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