![[转载]法律文件中“章,节,条,款,项,目”的翻译 [转载]法律文件中“章,节,条,款,项,目”的翻译](//simg.sinajs.cn/blog7style/images/common/sg_trans.gif)
原词
|
释意说明
|
Article
|
翻译为“条”
a separate and distinct part (as a clause or stipulation) of a writting, esp.in a
contract, statute or constitution.(宪法,制定法,或者合同中“单独的, 显著的部分”)
Subdivision of a written instrument; particularly a: a subdivision of a
statute or constitution, usually subdivided into sections; b. One of the items
or clauses in a contract, treaty, or other agreement.
Articles 翻译为“条例”
|
Section
|
译为“节”,比article (条)概念大;若是译为“款, 项, 目”过小,若是译为“章,编”显得过大。
通常翻译为“节”,section 1, section2
也可以译为“条”,若是把section译为“条”,则subsection应译为“款”。
Section: a subdivision of a statute or document, represented by the symbol§
Most statutes and codes are divided into sections. Subsection: A part
within a section of an act. Each section in a statute may be further divided
into subsections....A subsection is denoted as a number with brackets. For
example, s. 78(1) of the Trade Practices Act would read as section 78
subsection1 (第78条,第1款)
极少情况下可以译为“款”。《美国宪法》中第1-4条(article)中数目不等的“section”译为“款”,约定熟成的情形。
总结:“section”是个相对的词,翻译的时候,译者需要发挥主观能动性,选择合适的对应词。但是,同一片法律条文中,必须遵循“译名通一律”,不可毫无规矩。
|
Paragraph
|
译为 “条”
Any member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Article 6 of the
Berne Convention(1971) or paragraph 1 (b) of Article 16 of the Rome
Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the
Council for TRIPS.
任何利用《伯尔尼公约》第6条或《罗马公约》第16条第1款(b)项规定的可能性成员, 均应按这些条款中所预想的那样,想TRIPS理事会做出通知。
|
Subparagraph
|
译为 “款”
Subparagraph 1 (b) and 1(c) of Article XXIII of GATT 1944 shall not
apply to the settlement of disputes under this Agreement for a period of
five years from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement
自《WTO协定》生效起5年内,GATT 1994第23条第1款(b)项和(c)项不得适用于本协定项先的争端解决。
|
Item
|
译成“目”非常合适,因为“item”常常是subparagraph(项)下的一个部分。
Item: In drafting, a subpart of a text that is next smaller than a
subparagraph. In federal drafting, for example,”(4)” is the item in
following citation: Rule 19(a) (1) (B) (4). Also termed clause in this sense.
|
Clause
|
Clause 出了可以译为“目”之外,更多情形下将其译为泛指意义上的“条款”。
Clause of devolution (义务承担条款)
|
Rule
|
应该译为“规则”
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure(联邦民事诉讼规则)
Rules of Evidence (证据规则)
|
Regulation
|
多指“(法律)规定”
|
Stipulation
|
多指“(契约)规定”
Stipulation 1. A material condition or requirement in an agreement.
2. A voluntary agreement between opposing parties concerning some
relevant point.
Stipulated damage(约定损害赔偿金)
|
汉英法律翻译中的“条”“款”“项”“目”
经常使用的只有六个词即:article, section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, item.
根据法律内容需要,可分为编、章、节、条、款、项、目。
其中,“编、章、节、条”的序号用中文数字依次表达;
“项”的序号用中文数字加括号依次表述;
“目”的序号用阿拉伯数字依次表述
举例说明:
第二十三条*公民有下列情形之一的,利害关系人可以向人民法院申请宣告他死亡;
(一)下落不明满四年的;
(二)因意外事故下落不明,从事故发生之日起满两年的。
战争期间下落不明的,下落不明的时间从战争结束之日起计算。
第二十三条*
第二十三条第一款第1项**
第二十三条第二款***
Article 23.* Under either of the following circumstances, an interested person may apply to the people’s court for a
declaration of a citizen’s death;
(1) If the citizen’s whereabouts have been unknown for four years or,**
(2) If the citizen’s whereabouts have been unknown for two years after the date of an accident in which he was involved.
If a person’s whereabouts become unknown duiring a war, the calculation of the time period in which his whereabouts are
unknow shall begin on the final day of the war.***
Article 23*
The subparapgraph (1) of article 23**
The second paragraph of article 23***
“编” part, “章” chapter, “节” section, “条” article, “款” paragraph, “项” subparagraph, “目” item
例1:第三章,刑罚,第四节,有期徒刑、无期徒刑。
“Section 4. Fixed-Term Imprisonment and Life Imprisonment, Chapter III Punishments”
例2:《中华人民共和国刑法》第十七条第2款规定,“已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的人,犯故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、防火、爆炸、 投毒罪的,应当负刑事责任。”
The second paragraph of Article 17 of Criminal Code of People’s Republic of China provides that:” A person who has reached
age of fourteen but not the age of sixteen who commits the crimes of intentionally killing another or intentionally injuring another, even causing serious
injury or death, and the crimes of rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, and poisioning shall bear criminal responsibility”.
总则“General Provisions”; 分则“Special Provisions”; 附则“Supplementary Provisions”。
附件一,附件二 翻译为“Appedix I, Appendix II”
结束语:
法律翻译中的陷阱多,其中法律条文翻译也只是法律翻译一部分而已。
法律翻译混乱,值得所有翻译者共同去努力弥合。
当然,有些法律条文已经约定俗成,也许不改动更好,比如大陆法规条文机构依次是”条、款、项、目”, 而台湾法律条文的结构序列式“条、项、款、目”
所以,在翻译台湾法律条文中,“某法第某项”中的“项”应该翻译为“paragraph”而非“subparagraph”
(以上内容转自互联网,版权归原作者所有,又一心一译整理归档)