随便服用碘片，反而会出现副作用，对于甲状腺机能有问题的患者，更不能过多摄取类似海带的含碘食物。

过量的补充碘会诱发甲状腺疾病，相信大家还记得不久前加碘盐的风波。那么怎样是更安全的防辐射方法？

酵母葡聚糖具有很强的的抗辐射作用，它的这种作用是促进造血机能的结果。酵母葡聚糖能增强血细胞的生成活性，包括粒细胞的生成、单核白细胞的生成和红细胞的生成，从而导致更好地从致命剂量的辐射中得到恢复。

安琪纽特酵母多糖胶囊——国家唯一批准的含酵母葡聚糖的防辐射保健食品，经动物实验证实具对辐射危害有辅助保护功能。

http://s6/middle/53d7be59g9e8011367145&690

 

Patchen ML, D'Alesandro MM, Brook

I, Blakely WF, MacVittie TJ.

Glucan: mechanisms involved in

its "radioprotective" effect.

J Leukoc Biol. 1987 Aug;42(2):95-105.

PMID: 3036990 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

It has generally been accepted that most biologically derived agents that are

radioprotective in the hemopoietic-syndrome dose range (eg, endotoxin, Bacillus

Calmette Guerin, Corynebacterium parvum, etc) exert their beneficial properties

by enhancing hemopoietic recovery and hence, by regenerating the host's ability

to resist life-threatening opportunistic infections. However, using glucan as a

hemopoietic stimulant/radioprotectant, we have demonstrated that host

resistance to opportunistic infection is enhanced in these mice even prior to the

detection of significant hemopoietic regeneration. This early enhanced

resistance to microbial invasion in glucan-treated irradiated mice could be

correlated with enhanced and/or prolonged macrophage (but not granulocyte)

function. These results suggest that early after irradiation glucan may mediate

its radioprotection by enhancing resistance to microbial invasion via

mechanisms not necessarily predicated on hemopoietic recovery. In addition,

preliminary evidence suggests that glucan can also function as an effective freeradical

scavenger. Because macrophages have been shown to selectively

phagocytize and sequester glucan, the possibility that these specific cells may

be protected by virtue of glucan's scavenging ability is also suggested.

 

译文：

葡聚糖辐射保护作用的机制

Patchen ML, D'Alesandro MM, Brook

I, Blakely WF, MacVittie TJ.

J Leukoc Biol. 1987 Aug;42(2):95-105.

PMID: 3036990 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

一般认为来源于生物的辐射保护剂在造血综合症（例如：内毒素、结核菌、小棒状杆菌等）剂量范围内发挥它们有益的作用是通过增强造血功能的恢复从而使主体抵抗致命性传染的机会。应用葡聚糖作为造血功能的刺激剂/辐射保护剂，我们可以证明这些小鼠主体对感染的抵抗力增强优于预先检测的造血功能的恢复。对给予了葡聚糖的接受辐照过的小鼠早期抵抗细菌感染能力的增强，可能与它增强（延长）巨噬细胞（而非粒细胞）功能有关。这些结果提示辐照后早期葡聚糖可能是通过增强对细菌感染的抵抗力来产生辐射保护作用，而不一定是对造血功能的恢复作用。此外，初步证明葡聚糖还具有清除多余辐射的能力。因为巨噬细胞表现出选择性吞噬和结合葡聚糖，所以暗示可能葡聚糖的清除能力对这些特殊的细胞有保护作用。

Patchen ML, MacVittie TJ.

Stimulated hemopoiesis and

enhanced survival following glucan

treatment in sublethally and lethally

irradiated mice.

Int J Immunopharmacol. 1985;7(6):

923-32.

PMID: 4077349 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Hemopoietic effects of the reticuloendothelial agent glucan were assayed in normal

mice and in mice hemopoietically depleted by exposure to 60Co radiation. In normal

mice, glucan administration increased the content of bone marrow and splenic

transplantable pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s), committed granulocytemacrophage

progenitor cells (GM-CFC), and pure macrophage progenitor cells (MCFC).

Erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-e) were increased only in the spleen. In

sublethally irradiated mice (650 rads), glucan increased the number of endogenous

pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (E-CFU) when administered either before or after

irradiation. The most pronounced effects were observed when glucan was

administered 1 day before, 1 h before, or 1 h after irradiation. In addition, the

administration of glucan before lethal irradiation (900 rads) enhanced survival. The

most significant results were seen when glucan was aministered 1 day prior to

irradiation. The possibility of using agents such as glucan to enhance hemopoietic

reconstitution and prevent septicemia following chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is

discussed.

 

译文：

葡聚糖对小鼠亚致死量和致死量辐射造血功能的刺激和存活的提高

Patchen ML, MacVittie TJ.

Int J Immunopharmacol。 1985;7:(6)923-32.

PMID: 4077349[ PubMed- 编入索引为MEDLINE]

检测葡聚糖对正常小鼠和被Co60射线照射的小鼠网状内皮组织造血功能的影响。对正常小鼠给予葡聚糖，可以增加骨髓和脾脏的造血干细胞 (CFU-s),提供给粒细胞、巨噬细胞、GM-CFC, 和MCFC。CFU-e只在脾脏中增加。。 对亚致死量(650 拉德)辐射的小鼠,在辐射前或辐射后给予葡聚糖都可以增加自身的造血干细胞(E-CFU)数。当葡聚糖是在辐射前1天、1 h 以前或在辐射之後1h给予时，效果最显著。此外，在致死量(900拉德)的辐射前给予葡聚糖可以提高存活率。在辐射前1天给予，效果最好。讨论了葡聚糖对提高接受化学疗法和放射疗法的患者的造血功能和防止败血症的可能性。

 

Patchen ML, MacVittie TJ, Weiss JF.

Combined modality radioprotection:

the use of glucan and selenium with

WR-2721.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 May;18(5):1069-75.

PMID: 2161407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Glucan, WR-2721, and selenium, three agents with distinct radioprotective

mechanisms, were evaluated in C3H/HeN mice for survival-enhancing and

hemopoietic-regenerating effects when administered alone or in combinations before

exposure to 60Co radiation. At LD50/30 radiation doses (radiation doses lethal for

50% of mice within 30 days postexposure), dose reduction factors of 1.21, 1.02, 1.37,

1.51, and 1.66 were obtained following glucan (75 mg/kg i.v., -20 hr), selenium (0.8

mg/kg, i.p., -20 hr), WR-2721 (200 mg/kg, i.p., -30 min), glucan + WR-2721, and

glucan + selenium + WR-2721 treatments, respectively. All treatments increased

numbers of hemopoietic stem cells as measured by the day 12 endogenous spleen

colony-forming unit (E-CFU) assay; the most significant E-CFU effects, however, were

observed following glucan + WR-2721 and glucan + selenium + WR-2721 treatments.

Combined modality treatments were also more effective than single-agent treatments

at accelerating bone marrow and splenic granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell

(GM-CFC) regeneration. These results demonstrate the value of multiple-agent

radioprotectants.

 

译文

葡聚糖、硒和WR-2721联合防辐射的应用

Patchen ML, MacVittie TJ, Weiss JF.

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 May;18(5):1069-75.

PMID: 2161407 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

葡聚糖、WR-2721和硒,是三种具有独特的辐射保护机制的物质, 它们联合或单独给予被Co60射线照射的C3H/HeN小鼠，被评估为可提高存活率和红细胞再生的作用。在 LD50/30 放射剂量 ( 小鼠暴露在半数致死量的辐射中30天),分别给予葡聚糖(75 毫克/公斤 i.v.,-20 hr) ，硒 (0.8毫克/公斤,i.p.,-20 hr), WR-2721(200 毫克/公斤,i.p.,-30 最小), 葡聚糖+WR-2721,和葡聚糖+ 硒 + WR-2721治疗,分别地减少量为1.21、1.02、1.37、1.51。所有治疗增加造血干细胞的数量以脾脏12天自身产生的群体构成单位（E-CFU）为标准。意义最大的E-CFU作用是用葡聚糖+WR-2721和glucan+硒+WR-2721治疗的。联合治疗在增加骨髓和脾脏粒细胞、巨噬细胞(GM-CFC)方面的作用也比单独治疗效果好。这些结果证明了多因素影响的价值。

Hofer M, Pospisil M.

Glucan as stimulator of

hematopoiesis in normal and

gamma-irradiated mice. A survey

of the authors' results.

Int J Immunopharmacol. 1997 Sep-Oct;19(9-10):607-9.

PMID: 9637361 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Glucan, a beta-1,3-linked polyglucose derived from the yeast Saccharomyces

cerevisiae, is a broad spectrum enhancer of host defense mechanisms stimulating

humoral and cell-mediated immunity. On the basis of these features, glucan has been

tested by the authors' research group in experiments on gamma-irradiated mice. Two

glucan forms, particulate and soluble, have been studied. Attention has been focused

on various application regimens in relation to the time of irradiation (pre- or

postirradiation application), the possibilities of using glucan in various radiation

regimens (single or repeated irradiation), combined pharmacological therapy (joint

administration of glucan with cystamine or inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis), and

on the negative side effects of therapy with glucan. Some studies included also

experiments on unirradiated mice. The results have demonstrated the ability of glucan

to influence positively the course of the acute radiation disease. Stimulation of

hematopoiesis has been found to be the most important mechanism of glucan's

radioprotective effects.

 

译文：

葡聚糖作为正常小鼠和微克-辐射小鼠造血功能的刺激剂的调查结果

Hofer M, Pospisil M.

Int J Immunopharmacol. 1997 Sep-Oct;19(9-10):607-9.

PMID: 9637361 [Pub Med - indexed for MEDLINE]

来源于酵母的β-1，3键连接的葡聚糖是广谱的体液免疫和细胞调节免疫的刺激剂。基于这些功能，作者将葡聚糖用于微克-辐射小鼠进行了实验。研究用的葡聚糖有两种形式：微粒的和可溶性的。重点在给予葡聚糖的时间（辐照前还是辐照后），葡聚糖对各种辐照（单一或重复辐照）有用的可能性，和药物联用（胱胺或前列腺素抑制剂的给予），以及葡聚糖用于治疗的副作用。有些也包括在正常小鼠身上的实验。结果表明，葡聚糖肯定可以影响放射性疾病的发生。刺激造血系统是葡聚糖防辐射最重要的机制。