筑就我们的未来

       —— 90年代至今中国科幻小说中的中国形象研究

                      摘　要

本文考察90年代至今中国科幻小说中有代表性的中国形象，阐释其背后富有时代特征的文化诉求，并反观科幻在民族国家构建中如何发挥其多重功能及其参与现代中国建构的重要意义和必要性，希望以此为科幻小说开拓新的阐释空间。

第一章从理论方面论述科幻与民族国家构建的关系。首先，在西方文化语境中考察科幻小说的美学特征及其颠覆与建构民族国家认同的二重功能。其次，简要说明90年代至今中国科幻小说的特殊性：科幻在被移植到中国后，由于被赋予了文化启蒙和民族复兴的历史使命，其在现代民族国家构建方面的丰富潜能反而受到了压制，直到去政治化的“90年代”才得到了空前释放。

第二章聚焦在中国形象书写方面最具代表性的两位当代中国科幻作家。通过具体个案考察当代中国科幻想象中国的方式，由此说明：对于现实的文化批判与对于光荣未来的期许，构成了这一时期“科幻中国”的两大基本维度。首先，以《2066年之西行漫记》为重点，考察韩松如何以寓言的方式续接“五四”启蒙的传统，深入发挥科幻批判现实的独特优势，并抒怀个人面对现实吊诡时既超脱现实又怀恋现世的复杂情感。其次，以“地球往事”系列为重点，考察刘慈欣如何以对科学与理性精神的鼓吹以及对未来中华光荣复兴的激情畅想来激发读者的情感共鸣，以及科学的冷酷与文学的热情之间不可避免的内在矛盾如何导致了其文本的分裂。

第三章从理论方面总结科幻与现代中国的复杂互动。首先，在当下中国的语境中，讨论当代中国科幻小说中文化启蒙、民族复兴与自我救赎的三重变奏，如何导致了文本的内在矛盾。其次，讨论当下中国科幻继续以书写中国形象的方式参与现代中国建构的重要意义和必要性，并明确主张中国科幻应在“永恒的颠覆性”与“现实的建构性”的辩证统一中，以其对科学、理性、未来的乐观信念，筑就中国乃至整个人类文明的未来。

关键词：科幻小说，中国形象，90年代，韩松，刘慈欣

Achieving Our Future

——Study On China's Image In Chinese Science Fiction Since 1990s  

Abstract

By studying the representative China's image in Chinese Science Fiction since 1990s, this thesis interprets the contemporary cultural appeal and explores the multifunction of SF in nation-state construction, specifically , its vital role in China’s modernization drive. It hopes to create a new field in SF interpretation.

Chapter One is a theoretical study of the relationship between SF and the nation-state building.

First, it discusses, in the context of western culture, the aesthetic characteristics and dual functions of SF, namely, the subversion and construction of national identity.

Second, it briefly describes the characteristics of Chinese SF since the 1990s. Since its introduction to China, SF, endowed with the historical mission of cultural enlightenment and national rejuvenation, was suppressed until depoliticized 1990s since when its potential has gained unprecedented releasing in contributing to nation-state construction.

Chapter Two focuses on two contemporary Chinese SF writers, the most representative ones in the portrayal of China. It explores, by case study, how contemporary Chinese SF imagines China, and the two basic dimensions of Chinese SF: cultural critique of reality and optimistic expectation for the glorious future.

First, taking 2066:Mars Over America as major example, it studies how Han Song allegorically carries forward the enlightenment spirit of the May 4^th Movement, makes the most of SF critique of reality, and gives vent to the paradoxical feelings of detachment and attachment to reality.

Second, taking Three Body trilogy as major example, it studies how Liu Cixin, by advocating science and rational spirit as well as picturing national rejuvenation, successfully strikes a responsive chord in readers, and how the contradiction between impersonal science and emotional literature inevitably results in textual contradictions.

Chapter Three is a theoretical summary of the complex interactions between SF and modern China.

First, it discusses, in the context of contemporary China, how the trio of cultural enlightenment, national rejuvenation and self-salvation that dominates contemporary Chinese SF result in the inherent textual contradictions.

Second, it briefly expounds that SF plays a significant and essential role, by portraying Chinese images, in construction of modern China, followed by the proposition that Chinese SF, in dialectical unity between eternal subversion and pragmatic construction, should make more contributions to the future of China and human civilization, with its optimistic faith in science, rationality and the future.

KEY WORDS：Science Fiction, China's Image, 1990s, Han Song, Liu Cixin