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2018高考英语压题密卷(一)
(2018-06-03 08:31:42)
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绝密 ★ 启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真卷
英
本试卷共12页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A,B,C
三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10
秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man feel about the movie?
A. It was funny.
B. It was a good comedy.
C. He didn’t want to see it.
2. When should the woman be at the airport?
A. At 9:00. B. At 9:30. C. At 10:30.
3. When is the good time to go to New Zealand?
A. In June. B. In August. C. In December.
4. How much do the man and his wife pay for their gym?
A. $ 130 a month. B. $ 80 a month. C. $ 50 a month.
5. Why doesn’t the woman like the Star Club?
A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too far away. C. It’s too
loud.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many apartments does the man have in total?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. What does the man prefer to be?
A. A writer. B. A designer. C. A landlord.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Doctor and patient.
9. Why is the man in bed?
A. He has a fever. B. He hurt his back. C. He is very sleepy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where did the woman just come from?
A. Her house. B. Her office. C. The train station.
11. Why does the man get to the airport so quickly?
A. He drove on the highway.
B. He drove a fast car.
C. He took a shortcut.
12. What does the woman tell the man to do in the end?
A. Keep the change. B. Get his tires fixed. C. Take a
vacation.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the man want a part-time job?
A. To have some extra spending money.
B. To pay his school fees.
C. To help his future career.
14. What kinds of jobs has the man applied for?
A. Service jobs. B. Office jobs. C. Manufacturing jobs.
15. What is the main purpose of a cover letter?
A. To describe the job market.
B. To introduce a job applicant.
C. To ask the employer about the job duties.
16. What does the woman say about finding a job?
A. It is easier now than it used to be.
B. Employers never read resumes anymore.
C. The job market is very competitive.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What news does the speaker tell his audience?
A. He will retire in several months.
B. He will host a different show.
C. He will join a jazz band soon.
18. Who is the first special guest tonight?
A. The Roots. B. Jay Leno. C. Bill Clinton.
19. What is Brian Cranston known for?
A. A hit TV show. B. His well-known songs. C. His popular
movies.
20. What will the audience do next?
A. Listen to a funny story.
B. Welcome the show’s band.
C. Welcome the first special guest.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown
that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your
9-to-5 desk job) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a
big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear
how many gym periods were needed to help – until now.
A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for
reducing the negative effects of a sedentary（久坐的）job. Instead of a
fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio（比率）depends on how
much you sit: people who work a typical eight-hour day should spend
at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you
should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates
that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once – or rigorous（严格的）.
It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as
walking.
The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million
adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and
Australia. Using previous data, the researchers examined data from
16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is
required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily
exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily
less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the
day.
Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging
if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can
complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute
walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.
21. The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by
________.
A. make up
for
C. give up
22. According to the new study, good news for the people working
long hours at desk is that ________.
A. workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long
B. the harm of sitting for long has been proved
C. they don’t have to exercise as long as suggested
previously
D. the time spent on exercise is flexible
23. What can be inferred from the article?
A. The best form of workouts is walking.
B. The longer you exercise, the better.
C. The new exercise goal is practical though higher.
D. A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly.
24. The second paragraph is developed mainly ________.
A. by example
C. by
comparison
B
Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale
Young people are bursting with artistic energy. The Children and
Youth Sidewalk Sale (CYSS) of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of
the Arts is a fun way for boys and girls to express themselves
visually. It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young
people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through
personal expression in individual original objects.
CYSS is a highlight of Children and Youth Day, Wednesday, July 12,
2018. This day features performances for and by young people, art
and craft workshops and demonstrations. All artists must be between
the ages of 8 and 18 and live or have relatives living in any of
the centrally located Pennsylvania counties to participate.
All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s
audience, most of whom are under 18. The sales of work made from
small animals and the sales of food are prohibited. A complete
listing of the rules can be found in the application. Please review
the rules carefully as they may have changed since you last
participated in the event.
Artists must personally be present during the entire clay.
Representatives, including family members, may not attend in place
of the artist.
How to Enter
1. Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is
required.
2. On a separate sheet, provide a brief description of the artwork
and the materials used. Do not send samples; they cannot be
returned.
3. Enclose at least one photograph of your work.
4. Mail application and photo of your work to P. O. Box 1023,
Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.
25. What’s the aim of CYSS?
A. To teach young people to develop their interest in arts.
B. To help young people get some extra money for their work.
C. To get young people to develop their artistic potential.
D. To improve the performing skills of young people.
26. What’s the feature of Children and Youth Day?
A. All the artworks are original and proper for young people.
B. Most of the artworks are focused on animal protection.
C. The participants must be residents of central
Pennsylvania.
D. The sales of artworks about animals are not allowed.
27. Which of the following is required for application?
A. A sample of the applicant’s artwork.
B. A return envelope with stamps on it.
C. Detailed description of the artwork.
D. The signature of the applicant’s parent.
C
“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my
mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who
studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit
the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her Study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two
groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a
pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of
two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like
gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before
and after quit day.
Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with
it--more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in
the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much
higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before
the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut
down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon,
you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I
think people see that for smoking as well. They think, “Well, if I
gradually reduce, it’s like practice,” says Lindson-Hawley. But
that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the
gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal
symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why
fewer people in that group actually made it to that point.
“Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit,
quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira.
“When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients
were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the
encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least,
she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
28. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.
B. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
C. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
D. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
29. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in
Lindson-Hawley’s study?
A. They were given physical training.
B. They were offered nicotine replacement.
C. They were encouraged by psychologist.
D. They were looked after by physicians.
30. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of
Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?
A. It is
encouraging
C. It is
impractical
31. Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show
that quitting
smoking
A. is something few can
accomplish
C. needs some practice
first
D
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in
unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the first night,
effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they
tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown
University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do
with how humans evolved.
The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when
performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from
previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals
put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest
while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her
to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer
look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the
unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of
Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the
department for two nights and were carefully monitored with
techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki
found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first
night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long
to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the
participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and
dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of
their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right
hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to
process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr.
Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping
participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same
tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She
worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep
guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the
irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the
regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
32. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her
research?
A. She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.
B. She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.
C. She got some idea from previous studies on birds and
dolphins.
D. She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping
patterns.
33. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A. She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a
new environment.
B. She recruited (招募) 35 participants from her Department of
Psychological Sciences.
C. She studied the differences between the two sides of
participants’ brains.
D. She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human
subjects.
34. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
A. She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on
brains.
B. She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed
environment.
C. She exposed her participants to two different stimuli
(刺激物).
D. She compared the responses of different participants.
35. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her
experiment?
A. They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.
B. They tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat.
C. They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.
D. They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.
第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many of us are hardwired NOT to ask for help. We think it makes us
appear weak. We think people will say no. we think we have to do
everything ourselves.___36___. We have to get over that, and
there’s how:
Get over yourself
No one—and I mean NO ONE----got anywhere alone. You cannot and
should not do everything yourself. You are not, in fact, always the
best person for the job, or the “only” person who can do it. Asking
for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Asking for help
clears space for you and frees your time and energy.
___37___.
Rebuild your thinking
Rebuild what it means to ask for help from “I am a weak,
incompetent loser” to “I am strategically allocating my time to
focus on what matters most.” Don’t focus on the fact that you can’t
do something or don’t have the time.
39___
Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best
outcome the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. That’s
a fancy way of saying “get the right people for the job.” __40___.
And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and
proactively build relationships.
A. Know your colleagues.
B. Think about your colleagues.
C. Your energy can’t be wasted.
D. It’s a smart strategy.
E. It’s all about building the right team.
F. Instead, think about what you will gain from the ask.
G. Whatever the reason, we don’t ask for the help we need.
第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 45）
第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For The Flying Classroom’s second project, 11 of us from Tehran
went to Tokhme-Baloot, a rural village in Ilam, one of the poorest
provinces in the country. ___41___ by the government, Ilam has a
high rate of unemployment, __42___ and drug use. People there used
to make their living by farming, but now this way of life is
___43___ by constant famine (饥荒). The situation for children there
is ___44___. Boys who don’t do well in school must start work after
eighth grade and girls who don’t do well in school stay at home
doing __45___ or get married.
Because our research before the trip made us believe there were
large ___46___ around the village, we planned our project concept
around oak (橡树) trees and squirrels to make the children ___47___
the beauty of the environment.
___48___, when we arrived at the village, we saw that there were
only flat, __49___ grass fields. Tokhme-Baloot was far less
___50___ than we had expected. The village had only gotten gas and
electricity four years earlier, and it was sometimes __51___ in the
winter. After we saw the village and the surrounding area, the best
concept for the project that we could think of focused on the
respect for ___52___.
We began working with the students. Children started ___53___ the
school equipment in bright colors. My colleague Zoya and I cut a
dead branch into pieces and painted it to recreate a tree inside
the school, as a symbol of nature __54___ by children, and on it we
hung the squirrels and cranes. We left the school in bright colors
with objects to ___55___ the children’s imaginations.
Projects like ours are viewed ___56___ by Iran’s government, and
during our trip we were __57___ twice, once by the army and once by
Basij, a paramilitary (准军事的) militia (民兵组织). They came to the
school and talked to our group’s founder about the project,
questioning him about is __58___, who supported it, who our members
were, etc. After the tip, we ___59___ that The Flying Classroom
might be stopped, but ___60___, it wasn’t.
41. A.
Supported
42. A.
poverty
43. A. used
44. A.
hopeful
45. A.
homework
46. A.
companies
47. A.
destroy
48. A.
However
49. A. false
50. A.
developed
51. A.
benefited
52. A. war
53. A.
dreaming
54. A. praised
55. A. limit
56. A.
skeptically
57. A.
sentenced
58. A.
purpose
59. A. hoped
60. A.
secondly
第 II 卷
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that
something was wrong. The plane was moving___61___(steady) through
the air, and although the passengers___62___(fasten) their seat
belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the
air-hostess presented. She looked very pale,___63___was quite calm.
Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone
that__64___pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers
knew anything about machines. After a moment's__65___(hesitate), a
man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving
the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to
the urgent instructions that___66___(send) by radio from the
airport below. To everyone's relief, the plane,_67___was
dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb.
The man had to circle the airport several times to become
familiar___68___the controls of the plane. The critical moment came
when he had to land. The man,___69___(follow) the instructions,
guided the plane toward the airfield, and it___70___(land) safely
after a long run along the runway.
第四部分 写作 （共两节 满分 35）
短文改错（10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at
1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30
so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad.
That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They
stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema, arriving ten minutes
before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15,” Kate said, put the money on
the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the
cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday
afternoon.
第二节
(2018版全国百所名校高三示范卷六)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jenny想学习中文，给你发来一封电子邮件询问学中文是否很难。请你给她回一封信，简要介绍学习中文需要注意的事项，并表示你愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。