现在完成时全讲全析专题

 

现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构：

    主动语态：主语 have/has 动词的过去分词(done)

    被动语态：主语 have/has +been +动词的过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语 have/has 动词的过去分词宾语.
②否定句：主语 have/has not 动词的过去分词宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has 主语动词的过去分词宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组一般疑问句（have/has 主语过去分词其他）
定义：　

（1）强调动作是过去发生的
（2）强调对现在的影响或结果
（3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。

规则动词：
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,

visit---visited---visited

(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,
(3)以“辅音字母 y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。
  study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped ,

drop---dropped--dropped

 

 

 

 

不规则动词

1burn---burnt---burnt 1hide hid hiden 隐藏

2forget forgot forgoten 忘记

3see saw seen 看见

4take took taken

不规则动词： 
AAA型 原型过去式过去分词
burst burst burst

cast cast cast

cost cost cost

cut cut cut
hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt

put put put

set set set

shut shut shut
spread spread spread

let let let

read read read

led led led

 

AAB型　beat beat beaten

ABA型 

become became become

run ran run

come came come

特殊情况　

read read read 　

read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

ABB型

bring brought brought

buy bought bought

build built built

burn burnt burnt　

catch caught caught

dig dug dug 　

feel felt felt

fight fought fought 　

find found found

feed fed fed

get got got　

hang hung hung

hear heard heard 　

hold held held

keep kept kept

lay laid laid 　

lead led led

lose lost lost 　

leave left left

lend lent lent 　

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met 　

pay paid paid

sell sold sold

shoot shot shot

say said said
sit sat sat

stand stood stood

shine shone shone

sweep swept swept
sleep slept slept

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

win won won 　

ABC型

begin began begun

blow blew blown

break broke broken

choose chose chosen

draw drew drawn

drive drove driven

drink drank drunk

fly flew flown

forgive forgave forgiven

forget forgot forgotten

freeze froze frozen

give gave given

grow grew grown

know knew known

ride rode ridden

rise rose risen

ring rang rung

shake shook shaken

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

swim swam swum

throw threw thrown

write wrote written
take took taken

wear wore worn

 

现在完成时的用法

（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
 

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（时间段）,since（时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for 时段　
②since 过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since 时段 ago
④since 从句（过去时）
●⑤It is 时段 since 从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

（3）英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。

1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。

2. 瞬间性动词:  表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的--

begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等

●a)注：

瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词

come/arrive/reach

get to-----be in　

go out----be out　finish----be over
open----be open 　die----be dead

常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1、go—be away   2、come—be here   3、come back—be back   4、leave—be away（be not here）5、buy—have       6、borrow—keep      7、die——be dead        8、begin——be on   9、finish—be over    10、open——be open   11、close——be closed     12、lose——be lost   13、get to know—know     14、turn on—be on    15、get up——be up   16、sit down—sit/beseated   17、join—be in（…）或be a…member     18、become—be
★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
★2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1、be＋married代marry
2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die
4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up
6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open
8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 　2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at 地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at 地点”代替move to

Tips
现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.

现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,
如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: 　
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).

3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.

4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.

6.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently，just等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
Jane has rung me up three times this morning already. Jane今天早上已给我打过三次电话了。

7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
How many letters have you received this week? 这周你收到多少封信了？

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
So far he has done very well at school.  到现在为止他在学校表现很好。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

8.一段时间 has passed since/for引导的状语从句或与how long连用：
He has worn glasses since his childhood.
Has he written since he left home?
How long have you known her?

9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。

10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
gone:去了没回   been to :去过　been in：呆了很久

11. 不能与when连用

12. 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较：
这两个时态都谈已发生的事，差别是：现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或谈现在以前这一段时间里发生的事；一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有联系。凡是有过去时间状语时，只能用过去时。
Eg: She was here a minute ago.
They gave it to me just now.
比较句子：

有些动作明显是过去的动作，尽管没有时间状语，也要用过去时：
I didn’t know you were in London too.
I heard you were coming to China this autumn.
Why did you get up so early?

13. 由since引导的从句中的时态：
由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语用现在完成时）：
We’ve been friends ever since we met at school.
当表示“有多少时间”时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：
It’s two years since I left home.
在从句中有时可用现在完成时，特别是动词为be时：
I have seldom been out since I have been ill.

14. 与time一起用的情况：
This is the first time I have seen a panda. 这是我首次看到…
This is the fourth time she has been out with him. 与他外出
在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：（用于作文中可增彩不少）
This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
It’s the first good meal I have had for ages. 这是好久以来我吃过的第一顿好饭。

15. have got 的特殊用法：
1) have got在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have相同:
Have you got (= Do you have) a timetable?
I’ve got only another three minutes.
I’ve got a bad headache. 我头疼得厉害
I’ve got a cold.

2) have got to = have to
You’ve got to be careful.
You’ve got to keep this in mind.
That’s what we’ve got to do.
口语中，have有时可以省略：
We got to make ends meet. 我们得收支平衡。
时态判定例句
1.He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.
（现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。）
2.Complete these sentences with the present continuous form of the verbs given in the brackets, changing the word order where necessary.
用括号中所给的动词的现在进行时完成句子，必要时变化词序。
3.present perfect ph.1. 【语】现在完成时,2. 【语】现在完成时的
4.During the procession, the microprocessor finished the processing procedure.
在队伍行进时,微处理器完成了加工过程.
5.to execute and complete certain Works and remedy any defects therein as therein mentioned in conformity with the provisions of the said Contract.
去实施并完成某项工程,并在工程出现任何缺陷时,按上述合同中有关条款规定进行修补。
6.Installation of applications on this computer is complete. The computer will now restart.
已完成在此计算机上进行的应用程序安装。计算机现在要重新启动。
7.During Iteration Planning, the Customer presents the features desired for the next two weeks.
在进行迭代计划时，客户演示下两周内希望完成的特性。
8.Change the following sentences into the Present Continuous Passive Voice.
把下列句子变成现在进行时的被动语态。
9.`I have finished' is an example of the present perfect.
“我已经完成了”是现在完成时态的一个例句。
10.a perfective tense used to express action completed in the present.
一种用来表达现在已经完成的动作的完成时态。
11.And will learn The simple past tense, The present perfect tense, The past perfect tense as well as The future tense.
这个学期，我们学到了过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时和将来时等。
12.Cleanup of merge meta data cannot be performed while merge processes are running. Retry this operation after the merge processes have completed.
合并进程运行时无法执行合并元数据的清除。请在合并进程完成后重试此操作。
13.Download Complete. Extracting Files.
下载完成。正在对文件进行解压缩。
14.The work is in hand and will soon be completed.
这工作在进行中, 不久即可完成.
15.The work is in hand and will soon be finished .
工作在进行中，很快就会完成。
16.The work be In hand and will soon be completed
这工作在进行中, 不久即可完成
17.The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed.
已接受请求，正在进行处理，但尚未完成。
18.Queen Mary's joint degrees will be taught entirely in China.
女王玛莉双学位将完成在中国进行。 
练习题：
Exercise:
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I _________ _________ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn’t come to school
because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) ______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改写)  
I ____ just ____ a new bike. 
4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)  We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______? （改成反意疑问句）   
6. They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)                     _______ _______have they been here? 
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______ _______for a year. (die) （动词填空） 
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换) 
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.  
Ⅳ. Ask the questions 
1) I have been there for two days. 
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________? 
2) My father has lived here since 2000. 
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 
3) He left here yesterday. 
_________ ________ he _________ __________? 
4) They bought a book two hours ago. 
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?  
Ⅴ. Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks. 
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. 
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”        
二、用since和for填空 
1.______two years            
2.____two years ago 
3.___last month             
4.______ 1999 
5._______yesterday            
6._______ 4 o’clock 7   4 hours               
8._____an hour ago
9. ___we were children    
10._____ lunch time 
11.____ she left here 
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 
13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.   
   
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp 
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He            Beijing for             . 
2) I moved to the USA in 2008.      I           the USA since           . 
3) I went home yesterday.          I              home for                   . 
4) They came here last week.       They ___________ here since _____________.  
② come to / go back to  / return  to→ be back to      go out → be out 
1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________. 
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.  
③ become → be 
1) I became a teacher in 2000.  I ________________ a teacher for _________________. 
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.  
④ close → be closed             open → be open 
1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________. 
2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.  
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp. 
fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married； 
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________. 
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes. 
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________. 
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours. 
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________. 
6) They married in 1990.     They ________ _________ __________since _________.  
⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on 
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.  I ____ ____ at this school since ____. 
2) The film began two minutes ago.       
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____. 
⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know 
1) They borrowed it last week.      They __________it since _____________. 
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.     I ____________a pen for _____________. 
3) I got to know him last year.       I ___________ him since ___________. 
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________. 
 
⑧have / has gone to → have been in 
He has gone to Beijing.He _____________ Beijing for two days.  
⑨ join the league / the Party / the army 
→ be a league member /a Party member / a soldier → be a member of the league  / the Party → be in the league  / the Party / the army 
1) He joined the league in 2002. 
He _________________ a _________________ for two years. He ___________ a _________ the ________ for two years. He _______________________ the league for two years. 
2) My brother joined the army two years ago. 
My brother _________a ________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ in ___________ for two years.  

四、划线提问 
1) I have been there for two days. 
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ? 2) My father has lived here since 2000. 
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? 3) He left here yesterday. 
_________ ________ he _________ __________? 4) They bought a book two hours ago. 
__________ ___________ they __________ a book  
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. 
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. 
A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. 
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. 
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.  
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country. 2) David ________ the park just now. 
3) John _______ England since he came back. 
4) How long _____ they _____ this village? 
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. 
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. 
7) I _____ this school since three years ago. 
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm. 
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago. 
10) Would you like to _____  to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____  to the zoo. 
12) He often _____ swimming. 
13) _____ you ______ there last year? 
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?  
七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空 
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. 
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” 
 八. 用适当的时态填空： 
1.She’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten. 
2.Both of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 
3.Both of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave). 
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here and there? 
6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet? 
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange. 
8. We ---- already _________ (return) the book. 
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village? 
10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _________ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.  

答案 
一．翻译下列句子： 
1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 
2. I have just lost my chemistry book. 
3. I have never been to the farm before. 
4. He has already had lunch  =  He has had lunch already. 
5. Have you seen the movie yet? 
6. My brother hasn’t  come /get / been back yet  =  My brother hasn’t  returned yet. 7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago. 8. Has been away from China for three years. 
9. I have known them for five years. 
10. They have been in the USA for five years. 11. He has been here since he moved to Jining. 
12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has   been in college for three years. 
13. They have known each other since 1999. 
14. I have been in this school for over three years.  
二、用since或者for填空 
1. for    2. since     3. since     4. since      5. since 6. since   7. for      8 since      9.since      10. since 
11. since   12.since    13. since    14.for       15.for     16. since  
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 
① 
1. has been in ,  five minutes    
2. have been in , 2008 
3. have been at,  two days    
4. have been , last week 
② 
1. have been out, two years    
2. have been back , yesterday 
③
1. have been , nine years      
2. has been ,  two years 
④
1. has been closed , two hours       
2. has been open 
⑤ 
1. have been up , two hours ago       
2. has been away from 
3. has been dead , seven years       
4. has been over 
5. have been asleep , two hours ago       
6. have been married , 1990 
⑥  
1. have taught , 1995 
2. has been on , two minutes 
⑦  
1. have kept , last week 
2. have had , two hours 
3. have known , last years      
4. have worn , three years 
⑧ has been in 
⑨ has been , League member 
   has been , member of , League        has been in 
2. has been , soldier , two years     has been ,  the army   
四、划线提问 
1. How long have, been there  
2. How long has ,  lived here 
3. When did , leave here      
4. When did , buy  
五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 
A: Where  has  Li Fei  gone?                        
B: He has gone to Hainan Island. A: How long has he been there? B: He has been there for three days. 
A: When will he come back, do you know? 
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. 
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? 
B: Sorry, I have  never been there. 
A: How many times has  Li Fei been to that place? 
B: He has been  there only once.  
六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。 
1. has gone to                
2. went to 
3. has been in               
4. have ,  been in 
5. have been in             
6. Have , been to  have been 
7. have been in / at       
8. has gone to 
9. did go  went            
10. go  ;  have been 
11. are , going  ; am going            
12. goes 13. Did , go                      
14. Do , go
  
七、综合练习: 
1. never   
2. just , already  
3. for   
4. ever, never  
5. yet ,  just / already
八. 用适当的时态填空： 
1. lived  / has been living     
2. have been    
3. went      
4. has passed  left 
5. has lost    have , seen      
6. Have , found      
7. have , had      
8. have , returned 9. Have , built     
10. haven’t finished 
11. has read      
12. bought           
13. lost 
14. have been reading / has read 
现在完成时考点例析
一、考查其构成
"助动词have (has) 动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ?  A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents.   A. has B. had C. did D. have
析："so 助/系/情态动词主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：
1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? 　-______you______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish   B. Are; finishing   C. Did; finish    D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed         B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed    D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
(二)当句中有"for 段时间"或"since 点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.
　A. after   B. before    C. since     D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
　A. has lent    B. has borrowed    C. has bought     D. has had
析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。
3. I______a letter from him since he left.
　A. didn't receive   B. haven't got   C. didn't have   D. haven't heard
析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。
三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?　-Yes, I have.
　A. went to     B. gone to     C. been in      D. been to
析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
　A. have been in    B. have been to    C. have gone to     D. have been
析：本题句中有"for 段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's 段时间 since 从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)
　________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
　A. lost   B. don't lose   C. have lost   D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。
练习（一）
一、    单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ.  knew      Ｂ.  have known    Ｃ.  must know  Ｄ. will know
2、He has  _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ.  already         Ｂ. never           Ｃ. ever            Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
Ａ.  just      Ｂ. ago            Ｃ.before       Ｄ.a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is  writing         Ｂ.was  writing      Ｃ.wrote     Ｄ.has written
5、—Our country  ______ a lot so far .　—Yes. I hope it will be even ____Ａ. has  changed ; well                 Ｂ.  changed; good
Ｃ. has  changed ; better                Ｄ.  changed; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was; studying                        Ｂ. will; study
Ｃ. has; studied                         Ｄ. are; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know       Ｂ.  had  known       Ｃ. have  known      Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ.  will  see     Ｂ.  have  seen        Ｃ.  saw             Ｄ.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States
—Really? When _____ there?
Ａ. will they go                        Ｂ.  did they go
Ｃ. do they go                         Ｄ.  have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
　　    —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ.  Did; do; finished                   Ｂ.  Have; done; finished
Ｃ.  Have; done; have finished           Ｄ.  will; do; finish
11、His father  ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ.  joined        Ｂ.  has joined          Ｃ.  was in     D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
　    　—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ.  were        Ｂ. have been          Ｃ. have become  Ｄ. have mad 113、—How long have you  ____ here ?
　　    —About two months.
Ａ.  been         Ｂ.  gone             Ｃ.  come       Ｄ. Arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
Ａ.  has begun    Ｂ. had begun   Ｃ.  has been on    Ｄ. Began
15、It _____ ten  years since he left the army .
Ａ.  is            Ｂ. has                    Ｃ. will          Ｄ. Was
16、Miss Green isn't in the office. she _______ to the library.
Ａ. has gone       Ｂ. went                Ｃ.will go       Ｄ.  has been
17、My parents ______  Shandong for ten years.
　　Ａ.  have been in                      Ｂ. have been to
　　Ｃ.  have gone to                      Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,      ?
A. so they          B. don’t they       C. have they     D. haven’t they
19      has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he      to China?
A. How soon, comes                       B. How often, got  
C. How long, came                        D. How far, arrived
20、His uncle        for more than 9 years.
A. has come here                          B. has started to work
C. has lived there                          D. has left the university

二、            句型转换。
1、He has never surfed,                 ?（改成反意疑问句） 
2、They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)
have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year. He                   for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
   This factory               ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
　Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
    _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)  
 ___________________________________________                                      

三、            汉译英。
1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just）
2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never)
3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
4. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
5. 他们已去了美国五年了。(for)