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杂谈 |
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第二轮复习经典语法讲解练
一、情态动词的特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化。
2.
有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could
, may→ might , dare
→ dared
二、情态动词的否定式:
情态动词 not 动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。
1. can , be able
to be able to
表示经过努力后,
能够做到;
be able to
有多种形式的变化。
can
1).
表示体力或脑力方面的能力;
2).
表示允许、可能性。
could
是can的过去式,
表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性
;
用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____
get out. (NMET 97 )
A. had to B.
would C.
could D. was
able to
2) -Will you stay for
lunch?
-Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)
A. I
mustn't B. I
can't C. I needn't D. I won't
2.may
表示询问或说明一件事可不可做;
表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式;
用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?
-No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you
may.)
2) -Might I make a
suggestion?
-Yes, you may.
3. must
1).
表示必须要做的事:
必须
2)
表示很有把握的推断:
一定,
准是。have
(has)to : have (has)got
to
必须,
不得不。过去式:
had to
3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?
-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. )
4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.
5) She must be in the classroom now.
6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
(NMET 94)
A.
mustn't
B.
shouldn't
C.
can't
D. may not
4. shall
1)
在疑问句中,
用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
2)
用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的
命令、警告、允诺等概念。
1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you
needn’t.
-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -
Yes, please.(No, please don't.)
2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.
3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he B. doesn't
he C. will
he D. isn't he
5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ____?
A. won't
we
B. will
we
C. don't
we
D. shall we
5.
should
应该 ;
应当
1) You should listen to the doctor's advice.
2) You should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1)
在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2) will
表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;
would
表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3) will
用于各种人称,
表示
意志、意愿、决心、允诺;
would
表示过去时间的
意志、意愿、......。
(1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___
you?
A. do youB. will
you C. can
you D. could you
-Will you come with me? -Yes, I
will.(I am sorry , I can't.)
(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself?
-Yes, I will.
(3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my
party.
- _____ .
A. I
don't
B. I
won't
C. I
can't
D. I haven't
7. ought
to
应该;
应当
1) You oughtn't to smoke too much.
2) She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to
praise B.
ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D.
ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to
come
2. dare come
1) He dare not tell the truth.
2) He doesn't dare to come out at night.
3) I don't know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B.
needs C.
wants D. is allowed
9. need
1).
作为情态动词:必须
2).
作为实义动词:
需要
A.主语是人
need( to do something ; to be done by
somebody)
B.
主语是事物
need ( doing; to be done)
1) -Do they need to take any books with them?
-No, they don't need to.
2) -Need we buy any new
equipment?
-No, we needn't.
3) This farm tool needs repairing.
This farm tool needs to be
repaired.
4) -Shall I tell John about it
?
- No, you ___ . I've told him already.
A.
needn't
B.
wouldn't
C.
mustn't
D. shouldn't
5) It's a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A.
can't
B.
mustn't
C.
needn't
D. may not
情态动词 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点
1. can(could) have
过去分词
2. can't (couldn't) have
过去分词
3. must have
过去分词
4. may (might) have
过去分词
5. needn't have
过去分词
6. should (ought to) have
过去分词
7. shouldn't (oughtn't to) have
过去分词
1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon?
2) She can't (couldn't) have make a mistake.
3) Since the ditch is full of water , it ____ (rain) last
night.
4) He said that she might have misunderstood him.
练习.情态动词
1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she
____ me.
A. can't
see B.
can't have seen
C. shouldn't have seen D. shouldn't see
2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to
take me as well.
-It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can't
be
B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't
have been
3. He ____ you more help even though he was very busy.
A. might have
given B.
might give
C. may have given D. may give
4. She quickened her pace in order that she ____ with the
others.
A. may catch
up B.
might catch up
C. could have caught up D. might have caught
up
5. There was plenty of time, she ____ .
A. mustn't have hurried B.
couldn't have hurried
C. must not
hurry D.
needn't have hurried
6. I didn't hear the phone, I ____ asleep.
A. must
be
B. must have
been
C. should be
D. should have been
7. He was a good runner so he ____ escape from the police.
A.
might
B.
succeeded
C.
would
D. was able to
8. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied D. would study
9. The young man has made so much noise that he ____ not have been
allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B.
must C.
wouldD. should
10. A solider got him out of danger. He ____ hurt.
A. may
not
B. can have got
C. might have
got
D. might get
11. -Could I use your
pen?
-Yes, of course you ____ .
A. must B. could C. canD.
might
12. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you __ hurt
yourself.
A. won't; can't B. mustn't ;
may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; shouldn't
13. Sir, you ___ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this
woman and children only.
A. oughtn't
to
B.
can't
C.
won't
D. needn't
14. I ____ tell her the truth.
A. cannot
help B. can't
but
C. may not
help
D. could but
15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I ____
wait until the rain stops.
A. must B. should C. ought
to D. have to
16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver ____ .
A. may
hurt
B. may be hurting
C. may have been hurt D. may be
hurt
17. A dog ran in front of my mother's car and she ____ stop very
quickly.
A. ought
to
B. had
better
C.
must
D. had to
18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
-Oh , did you ? You ____ with Barbara .
(NMET98)
A. could have
stayed
B. could stay
C. would
stay
D. must have stayed
19. The plant is dead. I ___ it more water.
A. will
give
B. would have given
C. must give D. should have
given
20. A computer ___ think for itself ; it must be told what to
do.
A.
can't
B.
couldn't
C. may
not
D. might not
21. It's nearly seven o' clock. Jack ___ be here at any
moment.
A. must B.
need C.
shoulD. can
22. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no
harm.
A. have
told
B.
tell
C. be
telling
D. having told
23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ?
-But I fed it yesterday.
A. do
you
B. will
you
C. didn't
you
D. don't you
24. -Do you think I could borrow your
dictionary?
- ____ .
A. Yes, you may
borrow B. Yes,
you could
C. Yes, help
yourself D.
Yes, go on
25. I was really anxious about you . You ____home without a
word.(01高考题)
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't
have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
Key:
1-5 BDABD 6-10
BDCDC 11-15
CBABD
16-20 CDADA
21-25 CAACB
2016全国各省市高考试卷中的情态动词试题
1
A(全国卷I)24.
There's no light on -- they______ be at home.
A.
can't B.
mustn't C. needn'tD. shouldn't
2
(全国卷2)10.
We hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the
picnic tomorrow.
A. need B. must C.
should D.
can
3 (北京卷)25.
-- What's the name?
--Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B.
Would C. Can D. Might
4 (上海春)26.
You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the
work done.
A. can't B.
may not
C. shouldn'tD. mustn't
5 (天津卷)11.
We
have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march
ever made in the past ten years.
A.
needn't
B. may not
C. shouldnD. mustn't
6 (四川卷)32.
---Is Jack on duty today?
---It ________ be him. It's his turn tomorrow.
A.
mustn't
B.
won't
C.
can't
D. needn't
7
(江西卷)24.The
weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I
_______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with
me.
A.should have
taken
B.could have taken
C.needn't have taken D. mustn't
have taken
8
(陕西卷)19.As
you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this
morning.
A.
mayn't
B.
can't
C.
mustn't
D. needn't
9
(福建卷)27.If
it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her
to the party.
A.
couldn't
B.
shouldn't
C.
can't
D. might not
10
(湖北卷)31.
__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be
immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you
be
C. Could you be D. Might you
be
11
(湖南卷)32.Some
aspects of a pilot's job ________ be boring, and pilots often
_______ work at inconvenient hours.
A. can; have
to B. may;
can
C. have to; may D. ought to; must
12
(江苏卷)21.
--- I think I'll give Bob a ring.
--- You _______. You haven't been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
13
(广东卷)22.
-- Must he come to sign this paper himself?
-- Yes, he___.
A. need B.
must C. may D.
will
14
(浙江卷)19.
--- Could I have a word with you, mum?
--- Oh dear, if you ________.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
15
(山东卷)30.
--May I smoke here ?
--If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B.
could C.
may D. must
Keys:
1-10 ADCAB CCDCB
11-15 ADBBD
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳
——情态动词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1.
“Mike is often absent from
class.” “Tell him he _____
answer for it if he goes on behaving like
that.”
A.
shall
B. will
C.
would
D. can
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.shall
用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法:
(1)
用于疑问句中征求意见。如:
Shall I help
you?
要不要我帮帮你?
Shall I open
the window?
要我把窗子打开吗?
(2)
用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如:
You shall
suffer for this.
你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
Each
competitor shall wear a number.
每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)
You shall
hear everything as soon as you come.
你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)
请做以下试题(答案均选
shall):
(1) “I
promise that she _____ get a nice present on her
birthday.” “Will it be a great
surprise to her?”
A.
should
B. must
C.
would
D. shall
2. You
_______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so
important.
A.
cannot
B. shouldn’t
C.
mustn’t
D. needn’t
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A.cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达,意为“不可能太……,无论怎样……也不算过分,越……越……”。如:
You
can’t be too careful.
你越仔细越好。
You
can’t praise the too much.
这本书值得大加赞扬。
We cannot
work too much for the people.
我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
A woman
cannot have too many clothes.
女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
注:有时也可用
can never, impossible
等与too连用来表示类似意思。如:
It is
impossible to get there too soon.
去那儿越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by
train?” “He
should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his
car.”
A.
must
B. can
C.
need
D. may
【陷阱】可能误选B或C.
【分析】最佳答案为D.may
表推测,may
not
意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的
He should 为 He should come by train
之省略,由于其后出现转折连词
but,说明语意有变化,再结合下文的
He likes driving his
car,便可决定此题选D.注意,不能选B,因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
4.
“I heard they went skiing in the mountains last
winter.” “It ____ true because
there was little snow there.”
A. may not
be
B. won’t be
C.
couldn’t
be
D. mustn’t be
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C,主要由下文的
because there was little snow there
这一语境所决定,既然“没下什么雪”,那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”,所以选
couldn’t
be,即选C.
5.
“Do you think he is
lazy?” “I
_____ so once, but I don’t
now.”
A. may have
thought
B. can have thought
C. may
think
D. might think
答案选A.从答话人的语境可知,空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”,即对过去情况作推测,故应用“情态动词
动词完成式”;又因为
can
表推测不用于肯定句,故选A.请看类例:
Their
answers are exactly the same — one of them ______
from the other.
A. must
copy
B. must have copied
C. should
copy
D. should have copied
答案选B,既然两人的答案完全一样,说明“抄袭”已经发生,故用“情态动词
动词完成式”,根据句意,应选B而不能选D.
6. You _____
be right, but I don’t think you are.
A.
can
B.
could
C.
must
D. should
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看,C、D不宜选,在剩下的A和B中,许多同学想当然地选了A,认为整个句子为现在时态,所以选can,而不选过去式
could,但是最佳答案却是B而不是A.按照英语语法,情态动词can
用于推测表示可能性时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,而不用于肯定句中;但
could
用于表推测时,却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句,也可用于肯定句,且此时的
could 并不是
can
的过去式,与
can
也没有时间上的差别,只是
could 比
can语气更委婉,所以答案选B.注:can
在以下特殊情况下,也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性,即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的,但是实际上未必会发生。如:Anyone
can make mistakes.
任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be
(get, seem,
become)+形容词”,表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如:My
father can be very unreasonable.
我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.
“I thought you wouldn’t
mind.” “Well, as a matter of
fact I don’t, but you _____ me
first.”
A. should
ask
B. should have asked
C. must
ask
D. must have asked
2.
“I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I
didnt recognize her voice. Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.
A. must
be
B. must have been
C. might
be
D. can have been
3. That car
nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be
killed
B. might have been killed
C. may be
killed
D. may been killed
4. Its a
very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A.
mustnt
B. neednt
C.
cant
D. dont
5. The
police still havent found her, but theyre doing all they
_____.
A.
may
B. can
C.
must
D. will
6. You _____
practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A.
neednt
B. mightnt
C.
mustnt
D. wont
7. You _____
him the news; he knew it already.
A. neednt
tell
B. neednt have told
C. mightnt
tell
D. mightnt have told
8. As shes
not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must
go
B. must have gone
C. might
go
D. might be going
9. Are you
still here? You ______ home hours ago.
A. should
go
B. should have gone
C. might
go
D. may have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered,
but I didn’t recognize her voice. Oh, it _____ my
aunt Jean.
A. must
be
B. must have been
C. might
be
D. can have been
11. I
_______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are
very familiar.
A.
may
B. can
C.
would
D. should
13.Shall we
go shopping?”
“Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none
of the shops are open.”
A.
mustn’t
B. needn’t
C.
can’t
D. shouldn’t
14. They
often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very
poor.
A.
mustn’t
B. can’t
C. may
not
D. needn’t
15. I
didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning.
She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
A.
mustn’t
B. shouldn’t
C.
needn’t
D. couldn’t
17. He
______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very
disappointed.
A. might
fail
B. must have failed
C. should
fail
D. could have failed
18.
“Why didn’t she come to the
meeting yesterday?”
“I’m not so sure. She ______
ill.”
A. should
be
B. should have been
C. must
be
D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______
me.
A. could
help
B. should help
C. could
have
helped
D. must have helped
20.
“You ______ your teacher for help. He is
kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole
day _______.”
A. can ask,
will waste
B. must have
asked, had wasted
C. could
have asked, was wasted
D.
shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21.
“Is there a flight to London this
evening?”
“There _______ be. I’ll phone
the airport and find it out.”
A.
must
B. might
C.
would
D. can
22.
“Show me your permit, please.”
“Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It
______.”
A. might
fall
out
B. could fall out
C. should
have fallen
out D. must
have fallen out
23.
“Look at these tracks. It _______ be a
wolf.” “Don’t
be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
A. must;
could
B. may; might
C. need;
must
D. could; need
25.
“Did Jim
come?” “I
don’t know. He _______ while I was
out.”
A. might
have
come
B. might come
C. mush have
come
D. should have come
◆答案与解析◆
1.
选B,should
后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”,此处含有责备之意。
2.
选B,对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词
动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B.注:can
表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3.
选B,表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事,用might
动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事,则可用
may [might]
动词完成式,如
He may [might] have gone.
他可能已经走了。
4.
选C.由句意可知。
5.
选B,do all one can
意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。
6.
选C,mustn’t
在此相当于
can’t,且语气更强。
7.
选B,“needn’t
动词完成式”的意思是:本来不必做某事,但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的,因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意,句中
knew
为过去式。
8.
选B,must
后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测,意为“一定已经做了某事”。
9.
选B,should
后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”。
10.
选B,对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词
动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B.注:can
表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
12.
选A.may have done sth
表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测,意为“可能曾经”。
13.
选C.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t
意为“不能”。
14.
选B.根据上下文的语境推知。can’t
表推测,意为“不不能”。
16.
选D.couldn’t have done sth
表示对过去情况进行推测,意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。
17.
选A.根据下文的
will be
可知,“他考试再不及格”是将来的事,据此可排除B和D.再根据语意,排除C.
18.
选D.从时间上看,由于是昨天没来开会,所以推测他生病也应指昨天,故排除A和C.从语境上看,既然上文说
I’m not so
sure,那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选D.
19.
选C.根据上文的过去时态可知,此句谈的是过去的事,故排除A和C.根据语境排除D.
20.
选C.couldn’t have done sth
结构在此表示责备,指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填
was
wasted,陈述的是过去的一事实。
21.
选B.根据下文的
I’ll phone the airport and find it out
可知,说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选
might.若选A,语气太强,不合语境;若选D,不合语法习惯,因为can
表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
22.
选D.既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”,那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去,故排除A和B.比较选项C和D所表示的意思,选D更恰当。
24.
选A.根据
Don’t be so sure
可知前面一空应填must.第二空填的could表示推测,虽为过去式形式,但表示现在意义,语气较委婉,它与表推测的
can
主要用于否定句和疑问句不同,它可以用于肯定陈述句。
25.
选A.根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去,故排除B;根据
I don’t know
可知选项C语气太肯定,不合适;选项D的意思是“本来应该来”,与语境不合。
1
情态动词的语法特征
1)
情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)
情态动词
除ought 和have
外,后面只能接不带to
的不定式。
3)
情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)
情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
1)can could
表示能力;可能
(过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be
able
to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be
able to
a.
位于助动词后。
b.
情态动词后。
c.
表示过去某时刻动作时。
d.
用于句首表示条件。
e.
表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were
able to,
不能用could。
He was
able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe
before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the
television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No,
you can't.
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad
man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3
比较may和might
1)
表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may
放在句首,表示祝愿。
May
God bless you!
He
might be at home.
注意: might
表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may
小。
2)
成语:
may/might as
well,后面接不带to
的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If
that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't
very sure yet.
A.
must B.
may C. can D. will
答案B.
表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have
to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have
to
表示客观的需要,
must
表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so
I had to call the doctor in the middle of the
night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work
hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2) have
to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must
可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3)
在否定结构中:
don't have to
表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him
about it.
你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about
it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5
must表示推测
1)
must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2)
must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,
must
后面通常接系动词be
的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You
have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must
be working in his office.
他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较:
He
must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He
must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must
表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must
要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I
must have been
asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
4)
must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must
后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my
phone call?
---Well, I must have been
sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5)
否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here
until five o'clock, he can't be home
yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
6
表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must
皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词
动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is,
she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词
动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher
must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词
动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this
work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must
have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词
动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been
looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't,
couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his
car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could,
might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can,
may。
7
情态动词
have
过去分词
1) may(might) have done sth, can (could) have done
sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have
been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have
been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have done
sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is
still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have
been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown
the old clothes
away.(事实上已扔了。)
ought to
在语气上比should
要强。
4) needn't have done sth
本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for
the trip, but I needn't have done so. The
weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth
本打算做某事
I would like to have read
the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should
和ought to
都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought
to.
表示要求,命令时,语气由
should(应该)、had
better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
9 had
better表示"最好"
had better
相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd
better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with
the dog.
had better
have done
sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come
earlier.
10 would
rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather…
than…
宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner
not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I
would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___
do?
A. do you rather B. would
you rather C. will you
rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would
rather do sth
意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would
提前,所以选B。
11 will和would
注意:
1)would
like; Would like to do = want to
想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with
me?
2)Will
you…? Would you
like…?
表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some,
而不是any。
Would you like some
cake?
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would,
won't
you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12
情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need
you…? Yes,
I
must. No,I
needn't
Must
you…? /
典型例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course,
you____.
A. might B.
will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of
course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和
may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:
will
与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you
连用,用来提出劝告。
2)---Shall I tell John about
it?
---No, you ___. I've told
him already.
A.
needn't B.
wouldn't C.
mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't
不必,不用。
wouldn't 将不,
不会的。
mustn't
禁止、不能。
shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。
3)---Don't forget to come to my
birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I
don't B. I
won't C. I can't D. I
haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B。
13 带to
的情态动词
带to
的情态动词有四个:ought
to, have to, used to, be to,
如加上have
got to ,(=must), be able
to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end
of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was
fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about
it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at
once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he
meant no harm.
A.have
told B.tell C.be
telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词
ought to
后,所以用have。
14
比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。
need
作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时,
后面的to
时常可以被省略。
1)
实义动词:
need (需要,
要求)
need n. / to do sth
2)
情态动词:
need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need
not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I
needn't.
3) need
的被动含义:need,
want, require,
worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:
need doing = need to be
done