加载中…语法专题——不定式/动名词/分词
(2015-11-29 15:16:17)
标签：
语法专题——不定式/ |
分类： 初级语法 |
（一）动词不定式
1. 结构：
2. 作用(成份)：不定式常用作以下成分：
1)
主语：亦可用it作形式主语，构成 It is/was + adj (for/of sb)to
do
sth的句型。
2)
宾语：可以接不定式的常见动词有：hope, wish, decide, intend, expect, plan,
determine, manage, refuse, fail, pretend,
promise等；也可用it作形式宾语，常与feel, consider,
find, believe, think, suppose, re
gard等连用。
6) 状语：表示目的，原因，结果等。
7) 作独立成分：常用的这类短语有：to tell you the truth , to be frank（坦白地说）, to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with（首先）, to make things worse（使事情更糟糕 的是）等。
3. 注意：
(1) 使役动词let,
make, have之后或感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch,
look at, notice,
observe等后面，但在被动语态中须还原to。
(3) 当主语中是或含all, what等引导的从句时，且有do或其其它时态形式，后作表语的不定式常省略to。
2) only/never to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果。
巩固练习：
1. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
2. The meeting ______next week is sure to be a great success.
3. I feel it an honor ______ to speak here.
4. With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
5. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.
6. I don’t know whether you happen ______, but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
7. We have no idea about _____ next.
8. The news reporters hurried to the airport,
only ______the film stars ha d
left.
lling
9. The bank is reported in the local newspaper______ in broad daylight yesterday.
10. ---
You should have thanked her before you
left.
11. ______, he had a car accident and was seriously injured.
A. Make things worse B. To make things worse
12. Who will you get ______ the project for us?
13. There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
14. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the exam.
15. She would rather leave for New York ______ in Los Angeles.
16. ---
Are the problems easy?
17. To get the job, ______.
18. In the end, the poor man found a shabby cottage ______.
19. A
ll she did was
______ to her parent’s expectation.
20. He was seen ______ the house by the back door that morning.
tering
21. Do you have any clothes ______ today, Sir?
22. He loves parties. He is always the first ______ and the last ______.
23. I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
24. What does the librarian permit ______ out of the library?
25. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ________.
A. to
make
（二）动名词
1.
结构 ：一般式：doing, being
done(被动式)
完成式：having done, having been done(被动式)
否定式：not + doing
2. 作用(成份)：主语、宾语（动词、介词宾语）、定语（表功能、类别）、表语
3. 注意：
1) 只跟v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, suggest, understand, be worth, stand, give up, feel like, insist on, succeed in, set about等。
2) 下列动词跟v-ing作宾语；但如果已有n. / pron.作宾语时，后则跟to do结构作宾语补足语，如：advise, allow, consider, forbid, permit, recommend等。
3) 下列动词可跟v-ing或to do结构，但意义上有区别：
o
do（还未做）
4) “to”在下列词组中为介词，故须跟v-ing: be used to / be accustomed to, pay attention to, look forward to, lead to, contribute…to, devote / dedicate…to, object to, be opposed to, get down to, be equal to, turn to 等。
5) 物+ need, require, want（需要）/ deserve（值得）：+ v.ing（主动表被动）/ to be done皆可。
6) It is no use / good, not any use / good, useless：+ doing
7) 动名词的复合结构：如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在动名词前加一个物主代词，或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。
巩固练习：
1. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
2. --- What should we do with the empty bottles?
--- Our teacher advises _______ them.
3. When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy ____ supper.
A. preparing
for
4. It is no good ______ today’s work for tomorrow.
5. You will soon get used to ______ a large breakfast in England.
6. Excuse me for _____ in without ______.
C. to come,
asking
7. People couldn’t help ______ the foolish girl.
8. “What
do you think of the book?”
9. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
10. I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____.
B. throwing
up
11. Your hair wants ______. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
12. I don’t mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.
you delay to
make
13. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam.
14. He devoted the whole day to ______ the English grammar.
15. I can’t
get my car ______ on cold mornings, so I have to try ______ t
he radiator with
some hot water.
filling
16. --- What made Susan so angry?
C. Because of
waiting
17. How about the three of us ______ a walk down the street?
18. He always dream of ______ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.
19. I prefer staying at home ______ the theater.
20. I don’t think it any use ______ for the spilt milk.
21. Tony was unhappy for ______ to the party.
ving
invited
22. My younger sister suggested ______ the Summer Palace first.
23. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
24. We should think of ways to stop the waste from the factory _____ our living environment.
A. being
polluted
25. Isn’t it time you got down to _________ the papers?
A.
mark
（三）分词
1. 结构：一般式：doing (现在分词：表示主动、进行)
2. 作用(成分)：
1) 定语：前置定语：常为一个单词，现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词主要表示被动，亦可表示完成。
)
逻辑主语的一致性：即分词的逻辑主语须与主句的主语存在主动或被动的一致，主动一致用doing；被动一致用done。
(4) with的复合结构，作伴随状语，即：
3) 宾补：置于宾语后，解释、说明宾语。若与宾语构成主动、进行关系则用doing；若构成被动关系用done。
巩固练习：
1. The houses ______ by the workers now will be completed next week.
2. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
3. ______ his age, the little boy read quite well.
4. ______ the lab, we were taken to the library.
5. What he has done ______ all of us; he is really ______.
6. Hearing the news, ______.
7. China is a developing country ______ to the Third World.
8. ______, I’ll go over all these lessons before the exam.
9. The watch ______ last night was found ______ under the bed.
10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it.
11. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
12. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
13. ______ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A.
Tasted
14. ______
from space, the earth, with water ______
A. Seen,
covered
15.
A. to
break
16.
A. Losing
17.
A. to be
caught
18. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from south Africa.
A. having been
invited
19. ______ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, ______ only his stomach ______.
20. ______ their homework, the pupils went home ______ their parents.
C. Done;
followed
21. When ______ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing.
22. ______ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again.
23. ______, the players began the game.
24. The big- eyed girl came in, ______ a cake with two ______ candles on it.
A. bring;
lit
25.
A.
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