八大动词时态讲解
(2015-11-21 16:50:42)
标签:
八大动词时态讲解 |
分类: 初级语法 |
|
现在时 |
过去时 |
将来时 |
过去将来时 |
一般 |
ask / asks |
asked |
shall will ask |
should would ask |
进行 |
am/is /are asking |
was/ were asking |
shall will be asking |
should would be asking |
完成 |
have has asked |
had asked |
shall/will have asked |
should/would have asked |
完成进行 |
have/has been asking |
had been asking |
shall/will have been asking |
should would have been asking |
一、 一般现在时
肯定式:
否定式:
一般疑问句式:
简略回答:
肯定句式:
主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他
否定句式:
一般疑问句式:
简略回答:
(肯)Yes,主语+do/does
(否)No,主语+do/does
not
缩写形式:
2、用法
1)
表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有:
always,often,usually,seldom,never,
sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。
例如:
He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7
every morning.
每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 表示现在的状态。
例如:
My father is
at work.He is very busy.
我父亲在工作,他很忙。
3) 表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如:
All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
Ann writes
good English but does not speak well.
安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
4) 表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
例如:
The earth
moves around the sun.
地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai
lies in the east of China.
上海位于中国东部。
5) 表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等瞬间动词。
例如:
The train
leaves at six tomorrow morning.
火车明天上午六点开。
He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来
6) 在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时
例如:
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take
the job , they will talk with you in greater
details.
3、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-
es:
规则 |
动词原形 |
第三人称单数
形式 |
一般在词尾加-s (清辅音后读∕ s∕,
读∕z∕;在t后读 ∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。) |
play
leave
swim |
plays
leaves
swims |
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结 尾 动词原形词尾已有e,则 只+S |
pass
fix
teach
wish
|
passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
does |
以辅音字母加y结尾的 词,先变 y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。 |
study
carry
fly |
study
charries
flies |
注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.
写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。
1. cook
_______
3.build_________
4.have________
6. enjoy
______
8 receive
______
10.
close
11. drive
_______ 12. choose ______
13.
play
二、一般过去时
1、结构
简略回答:
(肯)
Yes,主语
+
was/were
肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他
否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他
一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答:
(肯)Yes,主语+did
2、用法
1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,
例如:Where did you go just
now?
刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用,且有明确过去的时间状语。
3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。
3、动词过去式变换规则
构成规则 |
动词原形 |
动词过去式 |
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读∕t∕;在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕;在 ∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。 |
look play work |
looked played worked |
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d |
like live hope |
liked lived hoped |
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed |
plan stop drop |
planned stopped dropped |
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed |
study worry cry |
studies worries cries |
三、一般将来时
1、结构
2、用法
1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow等连用。
例如:I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2)表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
3)表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。
4)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
5)注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。
6)be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
7)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
u
1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. (对划线部分提问)
_______________________
2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. (用often改写句子)
___________________
3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)
_________________________
4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。
_______________________
5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊?
______________________
四、过去将来时
1、结构:
2、用法:
1) 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
2) 表示过去的某种习惯,只要would。
u
1、He
said that
he
2、I
thought it
五、现在进行时
1、结构:am/is/are+动词的现在分词
2、现在进行时的用法:
1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间状语连用。
2)表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
4)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
5
3、V-ing变换规则
规则 |
原形 |
-ing形式 |
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing |
listen |
listening |
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing |
have prepare |
having preparing |
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing |
sit begin run |
sitting beginning running |
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing |
lie die |
lying dying |
以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing |
prefer water |
preferring watering |
写出下列动词的现在分词形式。
1、win
5、have
9、enjoy
u
1、Bruce often writes letters in English. (用now改写句子)
________________________________________________________
2、They are surfing. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
3、瞧,那些孩子们玩的真高兴!
________________________________________________________
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Uncle Wang usually _______ (go) to work by bike.
2. Be quiet ! The patient ____________ (sleep).
3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _______________(plant) trees over there.
4、Emily often _______ (help) her mother _________ (wash) clothes on Sunday.
5、______ (not be) afraid, I ____________ (show) you how to reach the station.
6、What ______ you ______________ (do) the day after tomorrow ?
7、There ________ (be) an important meeting in two days.
8、My
aunt
六、过去进行时
1、构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(--ing)
2、用法:
1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
2)
3)
4)
u
1、Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
2、As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
七、现在完成时
1、构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
2、现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already,
yet, ever,
never,
2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间
3) 现在完成时需注意的问题:
例如:I have received his letter for a month.(错)
4)have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
3、过去分词的变换:
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1、bring
5、eat
9、pay
13、come
4、比较一般过去时与现在完成时
①一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等;
例如:I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)
u
1、-Do you know our town at all?
-No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
2、-Have you ____ been to our town before?
-No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
3、Do you know ________?
A. how long
has he lived
here
C. he has
lived here how
long
八、过去完成时、
1、构成:助动词had+动词过去分词
2、用法:
1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过
2)表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since引导的表
3)表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
u
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written,
left
C. had written, had
left
4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.