九年级上Unit1 wise men in history 语法总结

 

（一）句子种类结构图：

   肯定句  

I like going hiking. 我喜欢远足。

   陈述句（陈述一件事）   

否定句 I can’t swim.

Yes/no问句 (一般疑问句) : 

以be动词、情态动词、助动词do/does/did开头

   句子  wh疑问句 (特殊疑问句)：以what/how/why/when/where/which...等开头        

（发问）疑问句   选择疑问句( ...or ....)：提供选择供对方选

  反义疑问句(主+动...., 动+主?)：“陈述部分，反问部分？”

     

  do型：动原开头  → Take a seat, please.

肯定祈使句    Let型：let 开头  → Let’s go ！

 

  祈使句   Don’t 型: Don’t 开头→ Don’t leave me alone.

 （表请求、命令等）否定祈使句   

   No型：No开头 → No kidding !

   感叹句            

    名词单数：

What a bad man he is !

what   不可数名词：

What great fun we had !

名词复数： What nice cars they are!

   感叹句

容词：How beautiful she is!

感叹形副动用how

 副词：How beautifully she dances.

(二)反义疑问句

一、基本用法与结构

反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组

成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质

疑或表示证实。

陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应

保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即

陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈

述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式：

He likes English, doesn’t he? 他喜欢英语，是吗？

He doesn’t like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？

【注】

1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ，little，nobody，seldom等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式：

He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友，是吗？

She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说，是不是？

 

2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式：

It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平，不是吗?

It is impossible, isn’t it? 那是不可能的，是吗?

 

3. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时，疑问部分仍用there作“主语”：

There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有，是吗？

4. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词（this ，that ，these ，those）时，疑问部分用it, they等代词：That is a new car, isn’t it? 这是一辆新汽车，是吗?

 

5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时，若陈述部分的主语为somebody,

someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they：

Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到，是吗?

 

6.当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语要用it：

Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了吗？

Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，不是吗?

二、含情态动词的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词：

He can speak English, can’t he？他会说英语，是吗？

We shouldn’t go, should we? 我们不应该去，对不对？

2. 当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况：

① 若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，疑问部分用 mustn’t 或needn’t：

You must leave at once, mustn’t [needn’t] you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗?

但是若陈述部分有mustn’t表示禁止，疑问部分要must：

You mustn’t laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗?

② 若must表示推测，疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式：He must be tired, isn’t he? 他一定累了，是吗?

 

三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句

1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you：

Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们，好吗？

Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去，好吗？

Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。

 

2. 当祈使句为Let’s…时，疑问部分总是用 shall we：

Let’s go there together, shall we? 我们一起去，好吗?

3. 当祈使句为Let us…时，若表示请求，疑问部分用will you，若表示建议，疑问部分用 shall we：

Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?

Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?

 

四、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致：

She said that he didn’t like it, didn’t she? 她说他不喜欢它，是不是？

He knows where I live, doesn’t he? 他知道我住什么地方，是不是？

当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose) that...等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)：

I think that it is too short, isn’t it? 我认为它太短了，对不对(它太短吗)?

I don’t think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗(他会来吗)?

【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。

 

五、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句

1. 当陈述部分是I’m…时，疑问部分通常用aren’t I：

I’m wrong, aren’t I? 我错了，是吗?

I’m older than you, aren’t I? 我年纪比你大，对不对？

 

2. 当陈述部分是I wish…时，疑问部分通常用may I

I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？

 

3. 当陈述部分有had better时，疑问部分用had：

He’d better leave here, hadn’t he? 他最好离开这儿，是吗？

请看如下表格，对号入座                                                         

1、遵循“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”的原则:
Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he?

2、前后两句主语相同 :
Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he?

3、主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：

谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：

前谓语	后谓语	例句
have (有)	have或do	Mary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she?
have (有)	与陈述 部分一致	He hasn’t a lot of time, has he?
have不做“有”	用do	They all have a good time, don’t they?
have to	用do或have	We have to get up early, don’t we / haven’t we?
have got to	用have	We have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we
had better	用should或had	We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we
may	may 主语 + not	They may be here next week, may they not?
must(必须)	用needn’t	You must do it today, needn’t you?
must(应该)	用mustn’t	I must study hard, mustn’t I?
mustn’t	用must或may	You mustn’t talk like that, must you?
实义动need和dare	用do	He needs help, doesn’t he?
情态动need和dare	用need和dear	He dare not say so, dare he?
needn’t	用need或must	He needn’t do that, must he?
“ would rather + V “would like to + V	用wouldn’t	You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you?
“ought to +V”	用oughtn’t 或shouldn’t	We ought to go there, shouldn’t we?
“used to +V”	didn’t + 主语” usedn’t 主语”	He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he?

练习：

一、填空

1、You can’t do it, ____  _____?

2、They are very late for the meeting,  ______  ______?

3、She is a lovely girl, ______  _______?

4、He will go home, __      _______ ?

5、She doesn’t like to eat popcorn, __      _     ?

6、The baby won’t sleep early,            ?

7、He has supper at home every day,______  _____?

8、They have known the matter,______  ______?

9. You cleaned your house last week, _       __     ?

10.Your father plays the computer very well, __       ___    ?

11. They look so happy today, _        _      ?

12. She never tells a lie, ________  ______?

13.  He was seldom late, _______  _______?

14. I am a very honest man, _______  _______?

15. Something is wrong with the computer, _______    ?

16. Nothing has happened to them, _____  _____?

17. Someone has taken the seat,______  ______?

18. Everyone has done their best in the game, ______  ______?

19. Let’s go home together, ______  ______?

20. Let us stop to rest, _____  _____?

21. Don’t make any noise, _____  _____?

22. Do sit down, __________  _____?

23. You feed the bird today, _________  _____?

24. Please open the window, _________  ______?

25. There are two cakes on the plate, ______  _____?

26. Here is a story about Mark Twain, _______  ______?

二、 单选

 1、Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,________

        A. don’t they   B. didn’t they   C. did they   D.  do they

2、-You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?

         --_____. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.

A. Yes, I have  B. No, I haven’t  C. Certainly, I have D. Of  course, I haven’t

3、His sister had a bad cough, ______she?

        A. wasn’t  B. doesn’t   C.  hadn’t   D.  didn’t

 4、Mr. Green went to Shenzhen on business last week,________?

        A. isn’t he  B.  doesn’t he    C.  didn’t he    D.   hasn’t  he

5、 ohn can hardly understand any Chinese, _________he?

       A. Can’t   B. doesn’t  C.  can    D. does

6、Don’t smoke in the meeting-room,_________?

       A. do you    B.  will you   C.  can you   D.  could you

7、Lucy, you clean the blackboard today,_______

       A. do you   B.  did you   C. will you   D. can you

 8、 Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada ,________?

       A. will she    B.   won’t she    C.  isn’t she    d. wasn’t she

 9、The lady couldn’t say a word when she saw the snake,________?

   A. could the lady  B.  couldn’t the lady  C. could she  D. couldn’t  she

10、----________sweater is this?  ----I think it’s Peter’s.

          A. Who   B.  What   C.  Which    D.  Whose

11、---______I go and meet you at the airport? 

---No ,thanks, dear . I can take a taxi home.

        A. Will   B.   Do   C.  Shall   D.  Should

 12---_____is the Confucian Temple(孔庙) from here?---It’s about 10 minuters’ walk.

        A. How many  B.  How long  C.  How much  D. How far

 13、-----______may I keep these book?  -----two weeks.

        A. How often    B. How far   C.  How long   D.  How soon

 14、Tina is unhappy now,________?

         A. isn’t she  B. is she   C. is he  D.did she

 15、---_____you _____TV at the moment?  --No ,you can turn it off.

       A. Did, watch B.  Are ,watching  C. Do ,watch D.  Have , watched

 16、----_____do you  go to Hong Kong?  ---sorry , I’ve never been there.

         A. How long   B. How often   C.  How far   D. How soon

 17、A: ______you ever _____ the Great Wall?    B: Only once.

      A. Did ,go  B.  Have , been to  C.  Have ,gone to D.  Have ,been in

 18、----You lent me some money a few months ago.

        -----_____? I don’t remember lending you any money .

        A. Did I    B.  Did you    C.  Do I   D.  Do you

 19、----______is it from here to Yancheng Railway Station?

         ----About two kilometers.

         A. How often  B.  How  far   C.  How soon   D.  How long

 20、----Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?  ----______.

  A. Yes, a dictionary  B. No, a magazine  C.  A dictionary  D.  Yes .both

 21、My uncle has never been to a foreign country,_______?

       A. has he   B.  does he    C. hasn’t he     D.   doesn’t he

 22、There is some water in that bottle, isn’t _______

       A. there   B.  it   C. that    D.those

 23、----_______will the foreign students be back from NanJing.

       ----In two days, I think .

        A. How soon   B.  How often   C.  How  far   D. How  fast

 24、----Have you seen the film Return Of the King ?

      -  ----_______. I going to see it tonight.

         A. No , I didn’t   B. Yes ,I do  C. Yes ,I have   D.  Not yet

 25、----John, will you please paint the door yellow?   ----__________?

         A. Why   B. What is it  C. How is it   D.  How about

  26、---Let’s go and play football,__________?   --That’s wonderful.

         A. will you   B. do you   C. won’t you   D.  shall we

  27、---The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister,_______?

      -    --Yes, because his mother has gone shopping.

         A. does he   B. is he   C. doesn’t he   D.  hasn’t he

 28、---You won’t follow his example, will you ?

      -  --________________,I don’t think he is right.

         A. No, I won’t   B. Yes, I will  C. No, I will   D.  Yes, I won’t

  29、----____________?   ---The one behind the tree.

    A. Whose girl   B. Who’s that girl  C. Which girl   D.  Where’s the girl

  30、______the population of china?

A. How many   B. How much  C. How’s   D.  What’s

  三、 句型转换，根据要求改写句子。

   1、Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.(对划线部分提问)

      __________  __________ Lucy ask him to do?

   2、 hey will finish building the house in two weeks. .(对划线部分提问)

      __________  ___________  ________they finish building the house.

   3、Mary does her homework at home in Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)

      ________ Mary ________ her homework at home on Sunday？

   4、The old man can hardly dress himself         .(反意疑问句)

   5、It’s ten minutes’ walk from my home to the school.（对划线部分提问）

      ______  _______is it from your home to the school?

   6、She is going to be a nurse in the future.( 对划线部分提问)

      __________is she going to ______in the future?

   7、Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (对划线部分提问)

      ______ _______ Allan go back to England next month.

   8、We’ll have a class meeting this afternoon.( 改为一般疑问句).

      ___________you _________ a class meeting this afternoon？

   9、John went to see his grandmother once a week. .( 对划线部分提问)

      __________  ________  _________ John go to see his grandmother?

   10、Jim is ill. Let’s go and see him after school.         (反意疑问句)

   11、I don’t think his father knows English.            (反意疑问句)

   12、She did very well in her English exam. ( 改为一般疑问句).

      _________ she _______ very well in her English exam?

   13、I have been to Beijing twice. .( 对划线部分提问)

      ___________ _____________ ___________ have you been to Beijing.

   14、He thinks his aunt is right           (反意疑问句)

   15、Linda’s just come back from America             (反意疑问句)