必记短语
listen to
听
hear
learn about
了解到
learn
talk about 谈论
in the
countryside
在乡村，在农村
be born
出生
human being
人
die out
灭绝，消失
at the end of
在...的尽头，在...末尾
used to
过去常常
know about
知道关于...的情况
one day
有一天
be famous for
因.....而出名
so much
如此多
find
out了解到，弄清 find
by the window
在窗户旁边
next to
挨着
Sb.be
interested in
对....感兴趣
be sure
确信
in the
mountains 在山上
do with
处理
in the
newspaper
在报纸上
all kinds of
各种各样的
a number
of许多，大量
since then
自从那时
be made up
of由....组成，构成 connect....to
把....和.....连接起来
for example
=such as
例如
more than
=over
多余超过
just like=be
like
正如正像
How long 多久
would like to
=want to
想要
go for a walk
=take a walk 散步
from an early
age
早期从很小时
look up 向上看 查阅
Unit 1
encyclopaedias
（reading）1、必记单词
human adj. 人的
dinosaur n. 恐龙
inventor n.发明家 born
v.出生
ability n.
才能；能力
include v.
包括；包含
even adv.
甚至
however adv.
然而
nobody pron.
没有人
win v.
获胜，赢
2、常考短语
be
born
for
example
more
than
die
out
just
like
be famous
for
how
long
find
out
would like
next
to
go for a
walk
3、经典句型
1). Some
dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
2). Nobody
knows why.
3). Would you
like some tea?
4、重点语法:
some和any；复合不定代词
二课文详解：
Getting
reading
1. Is my
encyclopaedia useful, Lo? Lo, 我的百科全书有用吗？
useful adj.
“有用的，有益的，有帮助的”。useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词，常在句中充当表语或定语。
This
dictionary is very useful to us.
这本词典对我们很有用。
This is a
useful book for English beginners.
这是一本对英语初学者有帮助的书。
拓展：
(1)useful前使用不定冠词a, 因为它的发音是以辅音音素开头。
(2)以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-
less结尾的形容词。
useful (有用的) –
useless（无用的）
careful（细心的）–
careless（粗心的）
helpful （有帮助的–
helpless（徒劳的）
Reading
1. Look up
意为“查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。
We can look up
new words in dictionary.
我们可以在词典中查新单词。
拓展：
① look up
仰视；向上看
He looked up
from his book as I came into the room.
我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。
2.
look的相关短语：
look around
向周围看
look out 向外看；当心
look like
看起来像
look the same
看起来相同
look forward
to doing 盼望
2. be
born意为“出生”，其后可接地点或时间状语。
接地点名词时用介词in，
接时间名词时用介词on或in
（具体到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。
Where were you
born?
3.
①famous adj.
著名的，
相当于well-known，可以做表语和定语。
She is famous
sports star in the world.
2.
辨析：
be famous for
与be famous as
be famous for
因……而闻名
Hangzhou
is famous for the West
Lake.
be famous as
作为……而著名
He
is famous as a
singer.
4. For
example, his notebooks include some interesting
drawings of flying machines.
1
include及物动词，包含，包括
The children
include twenty girls.
拓展
including
prep. 包括，包含在内
Ten members
were present at the meeting, including myself.
2 drawing
可数名词，图画；素描图
辨析：
drawing,
picture 与painting
drawing
指素描、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等
picture
指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时，与photo意义相同
painting
指着色的水彩画、油画等
5.Dinosaurs
lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human
beings.
1 more than
“超过；多于”， 相当于over， 反义词less than，意为“少于”。
They have more
than a car. 他们有不止一辆汽车。
拓展:
no more than (
= only) 仅仅；不过
not more than
不多于；不超过
2 million
“百万”，与具体的数字连用是，不加-s，后面直接接复数名词。
固定短语
millions of
。。。 “数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。
hundred,
thousand和million的用法相同。
Millions of
people help them in different ways.
There are
about two thousand students in this school.
助记：
hundred,
thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。清时无-s和of，糊时-s和of跟
题：
Football is so
exciting that
of people in the world
play it.
A. millions of
B. million
of C. two millions
of
6. everywhere
adv. 到处(=here and there)
辨析：
everywhere,
nowhere, anywhere 与somewhere
everywhere
到处用于肯定句
nowhere
没有一处表示否定的含义
anywhere
任何地方多用于否定句和疑问句
somewhere
某个地方用于肯定句
7. as... as...
“与……一样……”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+
as”结构，表示“（A与B）一样……”
This tree is
as tall as that one.
拓展：比较两个对象时，一方不及另一方，用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+
as”结构，表“A不如B……“
Our school is
not so big as yours.
--- English
isn’t as as
Chinese.
--- Maybe,
perhaps it’s just because Chinese is your native
language.
A. easy
B. easily
C. easier D.
easiest
8. comes out
of his/her mother/s body
out of
从……出来，在……外
The workers
are coming out of the meeting room.
look out of
从……向外看 rush out of 从……冲出来
take out of
从……取出来 jump out of 从……跳出来
9. outside
prep.在……外面, 反义词：inside
Let’s play
games outside the house.
adv.
在外面。
It’s raining
outside. Let’s stay inside and watch TV!
10. at the end
of ... 在……的末尾，在……的尽头，既可指地点，也可指时间。
in the end
最终，最后，终于，其后不接of短语。
11.
Person 指个别人，其复数指具体的数量对于1的人
Six persons
were injured in the car accident.
People
集合名词，通常为复数，泛指“人，人们”，一般不指具体的人
Some people
may not support us.
Man
除指“男人”外，还泛指一般的人
Any man with
eyes can see it.
12 “used to +
动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。
I used to go
to that primary school.
翻译句子:过去我们经常写信，而现在写电子邮件。
We
, but now
we write e-mails. (2013辽宁中考)
13. help sb.
(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。
He often helps
me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my
English.
拓展：○1help
oneself to ...随便吃些……
Help
yourselves to some fish,
children.
②can’t help
doing... 禁不住做……
She can’t help
laughing.
14.just like
“正如，正像”, like prep. 像， 后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
Everyone would
like a clean classroom, just like home.
15. something
important “重要的事”。 形容词作定语修饰something, anything,
nothing等不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词的后面。
(2013 湖北孝感)
My host family tried to cook
for me when I studied in New
Zealand.
A. different
something B. different
anything C. something different
D. anything different
16.remember
vt.记住
辨析：remember to
do sth. 与remember doing sth.
remember to do
sth. 记得去做某事（此事还未做） Please remember to close the
light.
remember doing
sth. 记得已做过某事（此事已做完） I remember closing the light.
17. Some were
small; others were huge.
some ...
others ... 一些……另一些……
others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。
There are lots
of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the
hill.
拓展：some ...
the others ... 一些……其余的……， the others
指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。
There are some
children on the beach. Some can swim but the others
can’t.
18. How ling
did dinosaurs live on Earth before they
disappeared?
how long
“多长时间”, 用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度，意为“多长”。
How long is
the river?
南京中考 ---
do you watch TV every
week?
--- Less than
two hours. I often have much homework to do.
A. How many
B. How much
C. How long
D. How often
词汇解析
human 人的，the
human body人体
【知识拓展】human，人，也写作human being。
Dogs can hear
much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。
练习：1.We are
all h______beings.
2.Wolves will not usually attack（袭击) h__________.
3.These robots are just like h_________.
learn about
获悉，得知，了解到about是介词，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about 也可用of代替。
例：We're all
sorry to learn about her illness.
听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。
listen to
意为“听”。listen
意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或代词。
例：Listen to a
radio programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”.
听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。
练习
1.我很高兴帮你了解中国。
I am glad to
help you ______
__________China.
2.我经常听收音机学习英语。
I often _____
________ _______
_______and learn English.
Inventor 发明家
He is a famous
inventor.他是一位有名的发明家。
【知识拓展】（1）invent 发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。
Gilbert discovered electricity，but
Edison invented the light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。
(2)invention
发明
The invention
of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。
musician
音乐家，可数名词。
a
piece of music 一首音乐 listen to music
听音乐
【知识拓展】music
音乐，乐曲 musical 音乐的
Scientist
科学家
【知识拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀：
scient
科学--------scientist 科学家
art
艺术----------artist 艺术家
piano
钢琴----------pianist 钢琴家
violin小提琴-------violinist 小提琴家
born 出生
be born on +地点 ；be born
in出生于
I was
bornin1980.我生于1980年。
ability
才能，能力，复数是abilities ， have the ability to do
sth有能力做某事
perhaps
可能，大概
【词语辨析】maybe
，perhaps，possible，probably
这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下：
maybe，或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。
perhaps，也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。
possibly，也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表示“无论如何"之意
Probably，很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。
include 包括，包含
The price of the room includes
breakfast.房间的租金包括在早餐在内。
【词语辨析】include
, including , included
（1）include
为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。
The price
includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具
（2）including
介词，意为“包含，包括”
There are seven people, including four
men. 共有七人，包括四位男士。
（3）included
为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。
Everybody
had something to say, me
included/ including me.
nobody
没有人，nobody 相当于 not ...... anybody.
I saw
nobody.=I didn't see anybody.我没有见到一个人。
新词强化训练
根据汉语提示完成句子
1.I was
_______(出生） in a small village.
2.I'm planning
to spend some time in the beautiful __________(乡村).I love
nature.
3.He has the
________(能力）to be the manager .
4.________(也许）I'll see him tomorrow,but I’m not
sure.
5.I think the
most helpful______(发明) is the light bulb.
6._________(甚至） a child can understand
it.
7.My house is
small .It's very comfortable,_______(然而）.
8._______(突然）there was a loud noise .
9.I opened the
the door ,but I could see___________(无人）.
用所给词的适当形式填空
10.The Chinese
__________(inventor) the compass(指南针）.
11.She likes
listening to __________(musician).
12.My favorite
subject is _________(scientist)
13.You'll find
the plan ___________(include) most of your
suggestions.
14.Their
daughter is very ______________(intelligence)
more than
后接数词，意为“超过，多于" ，相当于over
He has been
ill for more than two weeks,.他病了俩周多。
look up
查找，后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。
Please look it
up in the dictionary,if you don't know.
如果你不明白就请查字典。
on earth
在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world.
Dinosaurs
lived on earth more than 60 million years before human
beings.
在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。
【知识拓展】on earth
意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调
Where on earth
have you been just now.刚才你究竟去哪了？
as+形容词或副词原级+as
表示双方在某个方面一样，前一个as是副词，其后跟形容词或副词原级，后一个as是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。not
as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。
We think
science is as important as maths.我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。
used to
意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。
I used to be
afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。
something
important 意为重要的事情，something
为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后面
I want to do
something different. 我想做些不同的事。
remember
及物动词，意为“记得，记住”，remember to do something
意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。
Please
remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。
I remember
telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。
famous
出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识，技能或特征出名。
sb + be famous as
指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。
Einstein was
famous for his Theory of
Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名
Einstein was
famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。
sp+ be famous
for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。
This area is
famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶而出名。
This area is
famous as a green tea producing
place.这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。
else
意为别的，其他的，通常修饰不定代词something等，疑问代词what等，疑问副词when 等，else
用在这些词之后。
Who else did
you see?你还看见别人了吗？
for example 与
such as
这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思，
for example
用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。
For example,
I'll help you with your study.例如，我会在学习上帮助你。
such as
用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。
I know many of
them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.
【知识巩固】
根据汉语意思完成句子
1.我们学校有三千多名学生。
There are
_______ ______ three thousand students in our
school.
2.关于中国文学你了解多少？
How much do
you ______ ______ the Chinese literature.
3.例如，约翰就有相同的观点。
______
________,John has the same opinion.
4.如果你不认识这个单词，可以在字典中查找它。
If you don't
know this world ,you can _______ _________ _________in the
dictionary.
5.地球上有上百万种生物。
There are
millions of living things _________
__________.
6.我们学校有许多花，一些是红的，另一些是黄的。
There are many
flowers in our school; ____are red; ________are
yellow.
7.他和哥哥一样高。
He is ______
_______ __________his brother.
8.我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。
I hope to
visit Hawaii __________
___________.
用适当的介词或副词填空
9.Please
connect the printer _________the computer.
10.At the end
_____this road, you can see a supermarket.
11. Because of
the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died
_______.
12.China is
famous _______the Great Wall.
13.Yao Ming is
famous __________ a basketball player.
win
赢，获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语
He won a prize
yesterday.他昨天得了一个奖。
【词汇辨析】beat
也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能接表示人的词做宾语，此外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。
We weren't
sure we could beat them.我们没有把握能打败他们。
His heart is
still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。
【强化训练】
What an
exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team________Shanghai
Shenhua.
A. won
B.lost
C.failed
D.beat
find out
意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。
【知识拓展】find强调经过寻找后的结果，表示“发现”
I find a watch
on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。
find out
意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”
We shall find
out the truth early or later.我们迟早会查明真相。
look for
意为“寻找”着重找的过程。
I look for my
cat,but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。
【巩固训练】
他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。
He decided to
_____ _________what had happened to the
boy.
让我们去寻找答案。
Let's go and
________ _________ the answers.
expect
及物动词，意为“期望，指望，认为'”强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。
I 'll wait for
her at the station.我会到车站去等他。
wait for
强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，待在某处去等）
He is
expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。
look forward
to
强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如，假日，晚会等），而用expect所期待发生的事，可以是好事，也可以是坏事。
We are looking
forward to our holidays.我们盼望假日的来临。
【知识巩固】
1.Don't sit
_________ the window. It's cold there.
A. next door
to
B.next
C. near
D. far from
2.--Would you
like to go out for a walk with us?
-----_________,but I must write a letter to my pen friend
now.
A. Of course
not
B. That's all right
C. I'd love to
D. Yes ,I
do
3.--Do you
think our football team will win the match?
----Yes, we
have better players.So I _____ them to win.
A. hope
B. ask
C. help
D. expect
be interested
in 对...产生兴趣，对.....感兴趣。后面接动名词，名词，代词。
1.I was
_________ the drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.
A. good
at B. bad at
C. interested in
D. terrified of
2.我们确信能帮这个男孩找到家人。
We _____
______ _________ we can help the boy find his
family.
3.我们应该互相学习。
We should
_____ ________ each other.
be动词+形容词比较级
+than 表示俩者之间的比较，意为“更.....,较......”
Our school is
bigger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大。
do with
意为“处理”，常与what 连用，表示询问。
What are you
going to do with your old books?你打算怎么处理你的旧书。
【知识拓展】deal
with 意为“解决，应付，处理”后面常接trouble，problem等词，deal with
多与how连用，表示询问。
How did you
deal with your book?你怎样处理了你的书？
【知识巩固练习】
1.
我们将怎样处理这个问题？
What shall we
_____ _____ this problem?
2.
他的头发比萨姆短。
He has _______
hair ________Sam,
a number of
意为“许多”后跟可数名词复数
the number of
意为“.....的数目”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Our city has a
number of hotels with high standard of services.
我市有许多高品质服务的宾馆。
The number of
the teachers in our school is
200.
我们学校有200位老师。
-
-
-
-
﹡Italian
n.意大利人，Italy
n 意大利
All roads lead to
Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马；殊途同归.Rome was not built in a
day.(谚)罗马城不是一天建成的；伟业非一日可成When in Rome do as the Romans
do.
inventor n.
发明家
-
musician n.
音乐家
-
scientist
n.科学家
-
born
v. (be
born)出生
-
countryside n.乡村;
农村
-
-
﹡artistic adj.
有艺术天赋的
-
ability n.
才能；能力
-
perhaps
adv.可能;大概
-
invention n.
发明
-
notebook n.
笔记本
-
include v.
包括；包含
-
even adv. (强调出乎意料)
甚至
-
-
suddenly
adv.突然；忽然
-
nobody pron.
没有人
-
﹡fossil n. 化石
-
win v. (won, won)
(在比赛中)获胜,赢
-
dollar n.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）
-
in the countryside在乡村;在农村
-
human being人
-
die out灭绝;消失
-
find out了解(到);弄清
-
go for a walk去散步
一、课文再现
Look it up!
Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.
Da Vinci,
Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian
painter, inventor, musician, engineer and
scientist.
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed
great intelligence and artistic ability. As
he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His
paintings are very famous, and one,
the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous
painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For
example, his notebooks include
some interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human
begins. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were
as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could
even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat
meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then,
suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can
learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth
history)
查找它
这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。
列奥纳多•达•芬奇
列奥纳多•达•芬奇(1452 - 1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。
达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术)
恐龙
恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。
许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。
恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)
P.13 More practice
Australia's big attractions
Australia is a very big country. It also has many big
attractions.
The Big
Banana
The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John
Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit
shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people
visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon
people all over Australia began making big things.
The Big
Merino
The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of
sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are
very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there.
Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of
wool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merion’s
head and look at the view through its eyes.
二、词汇句型语法知识拓展
1.painter
paint
动词改为名词加上后缀-er
teach-
teacher sing-singer
read-reader
visit-
visitor
invent-inventor
有些动词加上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ress
actor-
actress
waiter-waitress
tailor-tailoress
author-authoress
2.cook
n./v.
3.
I have some questions about dinosaurs.
About指代内容比较普遍
,on 暗指内容是专门的，是学术性的
4.
There isn’t anybody in the room.
1)不定代词为单数
2)There
be这里有
5. 复合不定代词
- Is
there anything on the blackboard?
(P9)
- Is
there anything on the noticeboard? (P9)
- Is
there anybody above the teacher? (P9)
- Is
there anybody by the window?
(P9)
- Is
there anything above the teacher? (P9)
- Is
there anything under the teacher's desk?
(P9)
- Is
there anyone behind the teacher?
(P9)
- Is
there anything on the bookcase?
(P9)
- Is
there anyone next to the piano? (P9)
Grammar复合不定代词
1、some
和any
some 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些…….”,但是二者在
用法上还是有一定的区别的。
2、some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。
David has some friends in shanghai.
May I have some chicken?
Would you like some noodles?
3、 any一般用于否定句和疑问句中
Mary hasn’t got any
pens. 玛丽没有钢笔。
(1) It’s polite to
take
flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.
A.
little
B.
any
C. some
(2) There
isn’t
water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.
A.
many B.
lots C.
any D.
some
4、复合不定代词高频考点
1） I saw nobody.
2）There is
not anybody in the room.
3）Is there anything on the
bookcase?
复合不定代词 一般是用some, any, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。
4）一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。
5）复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式
Somebody wants to see
you.
6）形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面
Do you have anything important
to tell us?
|
above
|
在上方，两者不接触
|
below
|
Above on
over
Below beneath
under
|
|
on
|
在...上面，两者接触
|
beneath
|
|
over
|
“在....正上方”表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩或者覆盖在上面”
|
under
|
between
among
The
moon is now __________ the trees.
The
books are _________ the table.
There is a bridge
____________ the river.
6.It’s always
useful to have an encyclopaedia around the
house.(P10)
It’s +adj+for sb to do sth...对于某人来说做某事是.....
It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语...
7. A
week later....(P12)
一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。
表将来的一段时间之后_________________________
8.
表花费：
sb.
spend(s) / spent … on sth.
sb. spend(s) / spent … (in) doing
sth.
sb. pay(s)/ paid…for
sth.
sth. cost(s) sb. …
it takes / took sb. … to do
sth.
注意各句型中主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式
I
spend ten yuan (in) buying this book.
= I spend ten yuan on this book.
=This book costs me ten yuan.
= It takes me ten yuan to buy this
book.
9.
An encyclopaedia often consists of
a numer of books. These books are
called volumes.(P14)
a number of & a lot of许多(P14)
a number of + 可数名词复数
a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词
eg.
A lot of people were queuing for the film.
许多人排队等著看那部电影.（可用a number of代替）
I
haven't got a lot of time.我时间不多了.(不可用a number of
代替)
注：短语the number of… (……的数目) 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of the students in our school is 900.
我们学校的学生数目是900。
10. as +adj/adv(原级)+as 和…一样……
1.
Some dinosaurs were as small as
chickens.
2.
Others were as big as ten
elephants.(P3)
3.
I am as tall as my sister.我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词）
4. He works as
hard as me. 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词)
5. She sings as
well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词)
6. He draws as carefully as his elder
brother.他画画画得和他哥哥一样仔细认真。
1、as +形容词、副词（原级）as....
2、as 之后跟形容词的情况，如下：
1) 在as ... as 之前是be
动词，第一个as之后
2)
在感官动词之后：look, feel, smell, sound, taste
3)
在下列动词后：remain, keep, seem...
3、在其它行为动词之后，第一个as
之后必须跟副词的情况：
除以上1）、2）、3）所列动词的其他行为动词
否定形式:
not as/so + adj/adv(原级)+as 不如……一样
He is not as tall as me.
He is not so tall as me.
= He is shorter
than me.
= I am taller than
he.
11.
Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look for more information on a similar
subject..(P14)
look
for & find & find out
look
for强调"找"的动作和过程。如：
I'm
looking for my book. 我正在找我的书。
find强调"找"的结果，即"找"到还是没"找"到。
如：
I
look for my book everywhere, but I can't find it. 我到处找我的书,
但没找到。
find out表示"查出, 努力查找"。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：
The teacher tries to find out who is not in the classroom.
老师试着查出谁没在教室。
similar
=the same
1. Many shoes nowadays are made of plastic or
similar stuff. 如今，许多鞋子是用塑料或类似的材料制成的。
2. A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects.
猫和虎在很多方面相似。
3. These two signatures are very similar, can you tell them apart?
这两处签名非常接近，你能把它们区分开来吗？
4. Similar conditions are to be found in other countries.
在其他国家也会发现同样的情形。
12.
It was made in 1964 by John Landy.(P13)
这是一个被动句，谓语 was made 意为“被建造”
英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态:
Many
people
speak
English.
主语
谓语动词
宾语
被动语态:
English
is
spoken
by many people.
主语
be+动词过去分词 by+主动语态中的主语
13.Landy wanted
something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the
Big Banana.(P13)
Make
sb do sth.....have /let
14.
Many people visited his fruit shop and took
pictures of Big Banana.(P13)
Take pictures/take photos of ......
15.
Visitors can climb up to the Big
Merino’s head and look at the view through its
eyes..(P13)
Through
介词，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过
Look
through
go
through
16.
Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look for more information on a similar
subject..(P14)
Information 信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
Advice, music ,work, weather, fun.............
17.
at the end of ........在......的末尾，在......的尽头（P4）
There is a park at the end of the road.
In the end 最后
18.When I was
young, I used to keep a notebook.(P4)
used to
do.....
过去常常做某事
否定：didn’t use to........
19.
They were not very good,but they helped me think and
dream.
Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
Help ab with sth......
She
often helps me to study English.
=She
often helps me with my English.
Help oneself to ..........
Can’t help doing .....
She can’t help laughing.
20.
As he grew older, he learnt to do many
different things.
as的用法
① as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同时发生，多指短暂动作。
As I left the house, I forgot the
key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。
② as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着...”的意思，表时间的推移。如：
As I get older, I get more
optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。
③as表“一边…一边…”，引出伴随动作。
He hurried home, looking behind as he
went.他匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。
④用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。
As he was going out, it began to
rain.当他出去的时候，天开始下雨了。
⑤as有时引出一个名词，相当于一个时间状语从句。
As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.
当他是孩子时，他对数学失去希望。
4）as、when、while用法一览表。
|
类别
|
作 用
|
例 句
|
|
as
|
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/
while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
|
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went
off.(几乎同时)
|
|
when
|
(at or during the time that
)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
|
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every
day.(在一段时间内)
|
|
while
|
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a
period of time时，两者可以互换。
|
Please don’t talk so loud while others are
working.
He fell asleep while / when reading. Strike while the iron
is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
|
1.some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。
David has some friends in shanghai.
May I have some chicken?
Would you like some noodles?
2. any一般用于否定句和疑问句中
Mary hasn’t got any
pens. 玛丽没有钢笔。
(1) It’s polite to
take
flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.
A.
little
B.
any
C. some
(2) There
isn’t
water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.
A.
many
B.
lots
C.
any
D. some
五、课文重点句型及短语归纳
重点句型及其用法集萃
1、learn to do
sth
学习做某事
2、many +复数名词
许多……
3、as+形容词、副词的原级+as 与...一样...
4、used to do
sth 过去常常做某事
5、help sb. do
sth 帮助某人做某事
6、remember to do
sth 记着要去做某事
7、so much+不可数名词如此多的……
8、It is +形容词+to do sth 做某事是……的
9、一段时间+later
……之后
10、make sb do sth使某人做某事
11、a number of
+名词复数
许多……
12、learn
about 了解
1.
Look it up! 查阅一下。
●look up意为“查阅；查询”强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查询。如：
We can look up new words in a dictionary.
我们可以在词典中查新的单词.
拓展：与look 相关的短语：
look around
向周围看
look out 向外看；当心
look like
看起来像
look the same
看起来相同
look forward to 盼望
This morning
I
some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a
nice restaurant for her birthday.
A. picked
up
B. looked
up
C. cleaned
up
D. gave up
2.
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. 达. 芬奇出生在农村。
●be
born意为“出生”.其后可接地点或时间状语，接地点用in，接时间用on或in（具体某一天用on；出生于某年某月用in）如：
Tom was born in Guangzhou on 14 July 1999.
汤姆于1999年7月14日出生于广州。
●in the countryside 意为“在乡村，在农村”。如：
When he was a child, he lived in the countryside
with his grandparents.他小时候和祖父母一起居住在乡下。
3.
From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic
ability. 从很小的时候起，他就显示除了非凡的智慧和艺术才能
● from an early age 意为“从小起；从幼年起”.
4.
As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things.
随着年龄的增长，他学会了很多不同的事情。
●as在本句中意为“当……时候；随着，是连词，引导时间状语从句，它类似于七下unit8语法板块中学过的引导时间状语从句的连词when，但是含有含有as
引导的时间状语从句，主从句的动作还可以表示“一边……一边……”之意。如：
The boy sang as he walked to school.
这个男孩边唱着歌边迈向学校走去.
5.
For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of
flying machines wanted to find.
例如，他的笔记本里就有一些飞行器的有趣的图片.
●for example 意为“例如” 用于列举上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.
A lot of European countries are worth visiting,
For example, I have been to the UK, France and Switzerland.
很多欧洲国家都值得一游，譬如我就去过英国、法国和瑞士。
●for example在句子中可以放在开头，也可以作为插入语放在句中。如：
You should visit Hangzhou. Lingyin Temple, for example, is very
famous. 你应该去杭州游览。例如灵隐寺就很出名。
6.
Dinosaurs lived on the Earth more than 60 million years before
human beings. 恐龙比人类在地球上早出现6000多万年
●more than意为“多于；超过”。它的近义词是over，两者可以互相替换。如：
It will take me more than/
over 2 hours to get to school. 我将要花费2个多小时去学校。
●more than的反义词 less than
7.
Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten
elephants. 有些恐龙小如鸡仔，另一些则有十头大象那么大。
●as…as 中间加形容词的原级，表示“和……一样……”的意思，如：
Amy is as tall as her sister.
埃米和她姐姐一样高
8.
Then, suddenly, they all died out. 后来它们突然全部灭绝了。
●died out 意为“灭绝，消失”如：
How did dinosaurs die out? 恐龙是如何灭绝的。
【知识巩固】
1.地上有许多蚂蚁。
There are
________ ________ _________ ants on the ground.
2.在超市里有各种各样的事物。
There are
_____ _________ __________foods in the
supermarket.
since then
意为“从那时起”用于现在完成时。
Since then he
has lived in Beijing.
make up
意为“组成，构成”强调由几部分组成，多用于其被动形式：be made up of.
【巩固练习】
1.五个男学生和两个女学生组成了这个组。
Five boy
students and two girl students ____ ________ the
group.
2.从那时起，发生了很多变化。
Many changes
have taken place ______
__________.
语法点：some ，any
，复合不定代词。
【典例精析】
1、It's polite
to take __________ flowers as a gift when you go to visit a
friend.
A. little
B. any
C some
答案：C
2.They need
some more workers and money to
build the bridge. （改否定句）
They don't
need _____ more workers __________ money to build the
bridge.
答案：any
,or
3.I can't
connect my computer to the Internet. There must be ______ wrong
with it.
A.something
B.everything
C. anything
D.nothing
答案：A
4.Mrs Brown is
nice.Every day she tried to cook _______ for me during my stay in
Canada.
A.something
different
B.anything different
C. nothing
different
【针对练习】
1.Please keep
quiet,everybody I have _____important to tell you.
A. nothing
B. something
C.everything
2.There must
be _______ wrong with the clock , it doesn't work.
A.nothing
B.something
C.everything
D. Anything
3.CCTV-10
often plays________around the world.It can help us learn more about
not only nature but also different cultures and
customs.
A.new
something B.something new
C.anything
new
4.I think
________can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never
gives up easily.
A.something
B.anything
C. nothing
D.everything
5.Mr Wang is
an excellent teacher.______in our class loves her.
A,someone B, no one
C, everyone
D.anyone
6.When the
Greens moved into the house last week,_______ was at sixes and
sevens,so they did a big cleaning.
A.something
B.everything
C. anything
D.nothing
7.They were
all very tired,but _______ of them took a rest.
A.none
B.all
C, both
D.either
8.I asked John
for ______ ink,but he didn't have________.
A.any ,some
B.any,any C.some,any
D. some,some
9.I don't have
_____ money. Could you please lend me_______?
A.any ,some
B. some,any C. any,any
D. some,some
单项填空
1.It's nearly
nine o'clock and father will ______ walk in at any
moment.
A is possibly
to
B. maybe
to
C .probably
D. perhaps to
2.The band
played many songs,______some of my favorite.
A. including
B .included
C .include
D. to
include
3.Now the air
in our hometown is _____ it used to be.Something must to be done to
stop it.
A very good
B. much better
C.rather bad D.even
worse
4.The plan is
all right.________,it can be made better.
A .then
B.however
C.and
D.or
5.---Who
helped you repair the MP4?
-----________,I repaired it all by
myself.
A. somebody
B.nobody
C.anybody
D.everybody
6.Gina was
born ______1999,She is old enough to go to school.
A .to
B.on
C,at
D.in
7.The ice in
the lake is as _____ as it was before.
A. Thin
B.thinner
C. thinnest
D.the
thinnest
8.He _____ be
a__________ boy.
A would, quiet
B.used to ,quite
C.was, quiet
D, used to
,quiet
9.------What
are you going to give your mother for her
birthday?
---------I'm not sure, but I'll buy
her_________ .
A .something
special
B. anything
special
C.special
something
D.special
anything
10.China is
very _______the Great Wall and pandas.
A .famous as
B.famous
for C. ready to
D.ready for
4,选择单词的正确形式填空完成文章
even however
invention notebook perhaps scientist
When I was
young, I used to keep a
. I wrote
many poems and drew many pictures of different
in it. They were not very good, but they helped
me think and dream. Now I am a famous
and I do many important things.
, my journey began when I was
at school, with my studies, and my poems and pictures. I was a
student just like you.
you will
do something important or
become
famous one day. Just remember to think and do
dream.
5,语法练习
1. There is
not ______ meat in my bowl. There is _______ chicken in
it.
A. some; any
B. any; some
C. any; any
D. some; some
2. Could you
do______ for me, please?
A. everything
B. nothing
C. something
D. anything
3. The bottle
is empty. There is______ in it.
A. anything
B.
something C. nothing
D.
everything
4. —Did you
find ______ in the room?
—No, we found ______
there.
A. anybody;
nobody B. somebody; everybody
C. anybody; somebody
D. everybody;
anybody
5. I have a
lot of work to do. 1 have______ time to play.
A. not
B. any
C. no
D. some
6. Would you
like______ more coffee?
A. little
B. any
C. some
D. another
7. Listen to
me. I have_______ to tell you.
A. anything
new B. something new C. new
something D. nothing new
8. By the way,
is there ______ in today's
newspaper?
A. something
new B. anything new C. new
something D. new
anything
一、根据中文或首字母完成单词（15分）
1. Mr Li is
very h______. He always makes us laugh.
2.She doesn’t
has curly (卷曲) hair. She has s__________ hair.
3. I don’t
want others to know that, please keep s____________ for
me.
4. I think she
is my _________(真正的)friend.
5. He is not
tall—_________ (几乎) 1.70 metres.
6. The film
isn’t interesting at all, so I feel b_______.
7. I believe
her because she is very h__________.
8. My sister
eats little food every day, so she is very weak and
t______.
9. The man is
always w_________ to share things with his
friends.
10.We should
________(信任) our best friends, because they never tell
lies.
11.Reader is a
popular __________(杂志) in China. Many people like reading
it.
12.The shoes
don’t f________ my feet. They make my feet
uncomfortable.
13.You
can___________(选择)one of the boys as your best
friend.
14.I’m very
t_________, can I have some juice frist?
15.Tom looks
at me and_______(微笑)sweetly.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空（10）
1. Are you
_________ (will) to sing an English song for us ?
2. She wants
to be a _________ (sing) when she grows up.
3.You should
try your best
(make) people happy.
4. Can I
have________(anything) to eat, please? I’m so
hungry.
5. He is
the_________ (tall) boy in his class.
6. The naughty
boy often makes his sister _______(cry) by playing tricks on
her.
7. Most of my
classmates are very _________(help).
8. ----Is
Eddie ready_______(share) his cake with his
friends?
----No, he
isn’t.
9. Lily has
the ability to be a wonderful_______(sing), I
think.
10. Max is
good at _________(tell) stories about
animals.
三、选择题（30分）
(
)1.Millie is very _______,so we all want to make
_______ with her.
A. friends
friendly B. friendly friends C. friendly friendly
D.friends friends
( )2.---Is there
___________ left in the fridge? ---Only some eggs.
A.nothing else
B.else anything C. something
else D. anything else
(
)3.Mr Li often makes us__________in his class,
so we all like him.
A.laugh
B.to laugh
C.laughing
D.laughed
(
)4.Max is kind.. He is always________ to help
others.
A. like
B. ready
C. try
D. want
(
) 5. There aren’t enough chairs. Would you
please _________ ones here?
A. to bring
another three B. bring more
three
C. to take
three other
D. bring three
more
(
)6. I’m going to _____ them something about our
new school.
A. say
B. tell
C. talk
D. speak
(
)7. I’m so hungry, can I have
______________?
A. anything
eat
B. something eating
C. anything to
eat D.
something to eat
(
)8.On ______ home, Susan found a robber getting
out of a van yesterday.
A. her way to
B. her way for C. her way at D. her way
(
)9.Listen! I heard Tom________ in the next
room.
A. sing
B. sings C. sang D. singing
(
)10. The boy said to _____ “ Can I see an
elephant?”
A. herself
B. himself
C. him
D. his
(
)11. There is a big cake. _______ share
it.
A. May be we
can B. We may be C. Maybe we
can D. Maybe can we
(
)12.---- _________ ? --- He is funny and
friendly.
A.What does he look like
B. What`s he
like
C. What is he
D. What is he doing
(
)13.She is very helpful and ready to help
people_______.
A. some time
B. sometime C. at anytime D. any time
(
)14. ---Which word can’t describe
(描述)appearance（外貌?
---___________.
A. Beautiful
B. Helpful
C. Pretty D.
Good-looking
(
)15.Many students said that they were willing to
work to make their dreams _____true.
A. come B.
came C.
comes D. coming
四、完形填空（10分）
One day Mark
Twain was invited to _1_ a talk in a small town, He met a young
man, one of his friends. The young man said that he had an uncle,
his uncle __2__ laughed or smiled. “you bring your uncle to my talk
tonight,” said Mark Twain. “I’m sure I can make him laugh.”That
evening the young man and his uncle sat __3__ the front. Mark Twain
told several funny stories. __4__ made everyone in the room laugh.
But the old man never __5__ smiled. Mark Twain told __6__ funny
stories, but the old man still kept __7__. Finally, he stopped. He
felt very tired and gave up.__8__ later, Mark Twain told a friend
of his about __9__ had happened, “Oh”, said his friend, “I know
that old man. He has __10__ for years.”
(
) 1. A. give
B. send
C. make
D.
work
(
) 2. A. often
B. sometimes
C. never
D. always
(
) 3. A. in
B. with
C. on
D. at
(
) 4. A. those
B. this
C. these
D.
that
(
) 5. A. even
B. ever
C. still
D.
yet
(
) 6. A. most
B. more
C. much
D. the
most
(
) 7. A. quietly
B. quite
C. quiet
D. laughing
(
) 8. A. these days B. some
days C. other days
D. those
days
(
) 9. A. which
B. how
C. what
D. that
(
) 10. A. foolish
B. deaf(聋)
C. blind
D. dead
1.A
2.C 3.D
4.A 5.A 6.B
7.C 8.B
9.C 10.B
五、阅读理解
(每题3分，共15分)
A
Long ago,
there was an interesting man called Effendi (阿凡提), He had a good
sense of humour. One day he had a joke with the Prime Minister
(宰相). He said that the Minister would die the next day. Really the
next day, the Minister fell off the horse and died. When the king
learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at
once.
When Effendi was in front of the King,
the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since (既然) you know when my
Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say
it out, or you will die today.”Effendi looked at the king for a
while, he answered, “But how can I know? I’ll die two days earlier
than you.”Because the king was afraid if he killed Effendi, he
himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive
as long as he could, so he let Effendi go.
(
)1. The story tells us
_____________
A. how Effendi fooled the king
B. when the king would
die
C. why the Minister died
D. Effendi knew the dates of everyone’s
death
(
)2. The Prime Minister died because
_______
A. Effendi killed him
B. Effendi
said he would die
C. he was badly ill
D. he fell
to the ground from the horse
(
)3. Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the
date of his own death?
A. in this way the
king would know when he would
die
B. he wanted to find
an excuse to kill Effendi
C. he himself had known the date of
Effendi’s death
D. he wanted to know when Effendi
would die
(
)4.The king let Effendi go because
____________
A. he hoped to live
a long life B. he was afraid of
Effendi
C. he didn’t believe
Effendi’s words D. he knew he would die two days
later
(
)5. Which of the following is not
true?
A.The Minister died
after the day when Effendi played a joke on him.
B. The king was
afraid of death
C. Effendi didn’t
know when the king would die
D. If the king
killed Effendi, he himself would die two days
later.
B
Mr Wu was a happy man, “I am sure my
family is one of the oldest in the country.” He often told the
people, “It has a long history.”One day he went to see a great
woman of family history, Mrs Li. “I want you to find out everything
about my family,” he said. “Where do we come from? Who was the
first? Do I have any rich relatives?”
“OK” Mrs Li said, “but you will pay
＄2,000.”Mr Wu thought ＄2,000 was a lot of money, But he said, “All
right, But I want all of my family.”She agreed and said, “Come back
in three months.”Three months later, Mr Wu visited Mrs Li again.
“Well,” he said. “did you find anything about my family?” “Yes,”
she said. “ It is really a very interesting family. But my price is
now ＄5,000.” “＄5,000!” Mr Wu shouted. “ But you told me the money
was only ＄2,000.” “I know. It was ＄2,000 to find out about your
family,” She said. “It’s another ＄3,000 to keep the secret about
what I found out.”
( ) 6. Mr Wu thought
his family was __________.
A. an old family
B. one of
the oldest in the country
C. a happy one
D. an
unhappy one
( ) 7. One day he
went to see a ________ of family history.
A. woman
B. man
C. great
man D. great woman
( ) 8. Why did he
went to see Mrs Li?
A. He wanted to find out everything about his
family.
B. He wanted to know where they came from.
C. He wanted to know who was the first Wu
D. He wanted to know if there were some famous people in the
family.
( ) 9. _______
later, Mr Wu visited Mrs Li again.
A. two months B. three weeks
C. three years
D. three months
( ) 10. At last, Mr
Wu __________
A. didn’t know
about his family B. knew his family
C. know all
about his family D. didn’t know anything about
his family
1.A
2.D 3.B
4.A 5.A 6.B
7.D 8.A
9.D 10.D
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