反身代词构成固定搭配大全

 

反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。通常有强调性用法和非强调性用法。
一. 强调性用法:
    反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。
     反身代词用于强调时要重读。例:
The manager himself served the customers. 

 The manager served the customers himself.  经理亲自为顾客服务。

I told them I wanted to see the manager himself. 我告诉他们我要见经理本人。
    在but, except, like, as，for 等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,但后者的语气更强。例:

For my wife and me / myself it was a most enjoyable weekend. 对于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。

She is about the same age as you / yourself. 她的年龄和你(本人)差不多。
     

    反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时，有时也可起强调作用。例:
He has been living by himself since his parents died. 他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(by himself = alone)

 

This matter is between ourselves．(without anyone else knowing)

    She finished the job by herself. 她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself = without help)
   

 反身代词作表语时也可表示特殊意义。例:
I am not quite myself today. 今天我身体不舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as I usually do）

二.非强调性用法
        反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”多不译出。例:
1. behave oneself 有礼貌;规矩
    He behaves himself well.他为人很好。
    Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。
2. enjoy oneself 过得快活
    We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。

3. express oneself 表达自己的意思
    Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达思想吗?
    He expressed himself satisfied.他表示满意。
4. present oneself 到场；present itself出现

 

He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.他到医院接受体格检查。

When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful sight presented itself。山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅悲惨的景象。
5.  reveal itself  出现
    Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself.声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。
6. collect oneself 清醒过来,镇定下来
    I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself.  我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。

7. help oneself

  
    有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定的介词。例:
8. busy oneself with  忙于
    He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house. 他忙于家里的许多事情。

 

9. avail oneself of  利用
    We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每个机会讲英语。

10. address oneself to  专心于(工作)
    They address themselves to the main difficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。

11. devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
    We are determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education.  我们决心为教育事业献身。

 

有些动词接反身代词后再接that从句:
12. assure oneself that...  确信
    Before going to bed, she assure herself that the door was locked. 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。
13. flatter oneself that ...  自以为
    He flattered himself that he would win the first prize. 她自以为会获得第一名。

 

 

 

 

 

二、by onself, of  oneself, for  oneself, to  oneself

“介词+反身代词”词组在阅读中经常碰到，由于理解不够准确，常常造成阅读理解的障碍，因此，有必要加以举例说明。
1.  by  oneself"单独地，独自地''
    1)  They  made  the  model  machines    all  by  themselves.
    2)  You  can  complete  the  task  by  yourself.

2.  of  oneself''自行地''
    1)  The  fire  died  of  itself.
    2)  The  baby  woke  up  of  himself  all  of  a  sudden.

3.  for  oneself''亲自，为自己''
   1) Do  you  have  anying  to  say  for  yourself?
  2)  One  cannot  do  such  a  thing  for  oneself.

4. to  oneself含有“暗自（在心中）的意思 ，常与动词 think,say, talk, tell等连用。
    1)  The  boy  said  to  himself."I  must  study  hard.''
    2)  This  dictionary  is  used  to  himself.
      根据以上例句，我们可以看出：

by  oneself主要含义为''独自，自个儿、亲自''，没有别人帮助，相当于alone; 

of  oneself是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作，常用在不及物动词之后；

for  oneself一般表示“为自己”的意思；

to  oneself则强度调“供某人独自用”和“暗自”的含义 。

        英语中反身代词与不同的介词搭配，可构成意义不同的习惯用语，学习者对如何选用这些习语感到困难。其实，这些习惯用语的意义往往与介词的意义有联系，一旦见多了，对每个习语所表达的意思和所使用的语境便熟悉了，用起来就不会感到困难。现将这类习惯用语分述如下：
1. （all ） by  oneself"单独地，独自地''“靠自己地”（ alone or independently）。
 1)  They  made  the  model  machines    all  by  themselves.
 2)  You  can  complete  the  task  by  yourself.
 3）She did it all by herself.这件事是她独立完成的。
 4）The little girl wrote the letter all by herself.那封信是小女孩独自写成的。

 5）She likes to take a walk by herself.她喜欢独自散步。
 6）The house stands all by itself on the hill.那所房子孤零零地耸立在山顶上。
 7）His father lives by himself in the village．他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。
 8）All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now．他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。

（by  oneself主要含义为''独自儿、亲自''，没有别人帮助，相当于alone;of  oneself是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作，常用在不及物动词之后）

2.  of  oneself''自行地'' 自发，自动，自然而然，“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of one's own accord）。
 1)  The  fire  died  of  itself.
 2)  The  baby  woke  up  of  himself  all  of  a  sudden.
 3）You need not call him;he will wake up of himself,他不必叫他，他自己会醒的。
4）The enemy will not perish of himself.敌人不会自行消灭。
5）The fire went out of itself.火是自己熄灭的。
6）Every day I awake of myself at half past five．每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。
7）The door opened of itself．门是自己开的。
8）The fire went out of itself．火自己熄灭了。

 

3.  for  oneself ''亲自，为自己，代表自己' ；独自地
   1) Do  you  have  anying  to  say  for  yourself?
  2)  One  cannot  do  such  a  thing  for  oneself.
  3）He kept the book for himself.他把这本书留给自己用。
 4）I have something to say for myself.我有要辩白的话。
 5）He is old enough to do it for himself.他年龄够大了，可以独自做这件事了。
6）One can't do such a thing for oneself.这样的事情独自一个人是做不成的。
7）One should not live only for oneself．　　人不应单为自己而活。
（for  oneself一般表示“为自己”的意思 ）

 

4. to  oneself 含有“暗自（在心中）的意思 ，常与动词 think,say, talk, tell等连用。
 1)  The  boy  said  to  himself."I  must  study  hard.''
 2)  This  dictionary  is  used  to  himself.
 3）He has a room to himself.他独住一间房。
 4）We had the whole compartment to ourselves.这个车箱就只有我们几个人。
 5）I began to say to myself,"What about becoming an actor?"我开始暗自思量，“去当演员好不好？”
6）He appeared to be talking to himself.他似乎在自言自语。
 7）When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself．人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。
（to  oneself则强度调“供某人独自用”和“暗自”的含义）

 

三、其它介词与反身代词

1. beside oneself “失常”、“发狂”。例：

He was beside himself with joy．他欣喜若狂。

2. among themselves (ourselves,yourselves) 一起,共同之间
They were arguing among themeselves. 他们在一起争论 
    

3. beside oneself (with...).....得要命,失常,发狂. 
  On hearing the good news, he was beside himself with joy.一听到这个好消息,他简直欣喜若狂. 
 4. between ourselves (=between you and me;between you,me and the gatepost)
     私下谈;不和外人谈 
  This matter is between ourselves.这件事别对外人讲. 
    

5.. in oneself 本质, 本身 实际上,就其本质而言
1）The book is really a small library in itself.那部书本身是个小图书馆。
2）He told us not to lose faith in ourselves.他告诉我们不要失去自信心。
3）Water is colourless in itself.水本质是无色的. 
  

6. in spite of oneself 不由自主地
    I laugh in spite of myself.我不由自主的笑起来.

 

by oneself，for oneself，in oneself，of oneself
　　这四个词组的意义有所不同。

By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”（ alone or independently）。例：

His father lives by himself in the village．他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。

All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。

For oneself的意义为“为自己”（for himself or for herself）。例：
One should not live only for oneself．人不应单为自己而活。

7.In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例：
This wood is hard in itself．这种木头本要就是硬的。
Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of one's own accord）。例：

Every day I awake of myself at half past five．每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。
The door opened of itself．门是自己开的。
The fire went out of itself．火自己熄灭了。
　　

      与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组，即beside oneself和 to oneself，前者义：“失常”、“发狂”；后者是“独自占有或享用”。例：
He was beside himself with joy．他欣喜若狂。
When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself．人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。
　　Oneself和 one's self的区别也是值得我们注意的。

Oneself是反身强调代词，意指自己；

one's self则是代词加名词，意指个人的本性。例：

She made a cup of tea for herself．她为自己烧了一杯茶。

She looked just like her old self．她看上去和从前依然一模一样。

请注意，myself可以在句中表示me的涵义，这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例：

They invited my father and myself（=me）to their party．他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。
He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street．在马路上他既没有看见我，也没有看见玛丽。

 

四、动词与反身代词