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宾语从句中考考点总结讲练（一）
(2015-03-29 18:41:18)
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宾语从句中考考点总结 |
分类： 初级语法 |
宾语从句中考讲练（一）
一、宾语从句考点解读
二、宾语从句核心考点梳理
所谓宾语从句，就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分，主要复习以下的内容：
1．陈述句作宾语从句
2．一般疑问句作宾语从句
3．特殊疑问句作宾语从句
4.
二、专题梳理
1．陈述句做宾语从句
陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。
（一）连接词，陈述句作宾语从句时，用连接词that，通常that可以省略。
e.g.
I
think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。
但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略，在初中阶段我们学过的动词有
learn, sugget,
explain, agree, wonder, feel, mean。
e.g.
However, he went on
to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar.
（二）语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，而陈述句就是陈述句的语序，所以不必作任何改动。
（三）时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的，具体说来有三条。
（1）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制，即从句的时间是什么，从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。
She
says (that) she likes English.
She says (that) she liked English three years
ago.
She says (that) she will like English next term.
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致，要用过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。
She said. She likes English.
She said. She liked English three years ago.
→She said (that) she liked English three years ago.
She said. She will like
English.
She said. They are swimming. →She said (that) they were swimming.
她说他们在游泳。
She said. The girl has been there. →She said (that) the girl had
been there.
她说那个女孩去过那里。
（3）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，从句的谓语动词不受主句的限制，通常用一般现在时。
The
teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
妈妈告诉我患难见真情。
2．一般疑问句作宾语从句
一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。
一）连接词。
Do
you know？ Does he study English？
Do you know if (whether) he studies English？
你知道他是否学习英语吗？
He
asks. Are you a teacher？
He asks if (whether) you are a teacher.
（1）if/
whether在作“是否”讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find
out等之后。
I’ll
try to find out if/whether the machine is in good
condition.我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。
We’re having a
discussion whether we’ll go on the trip or
not.我们正在讨论是否去旅行。
（2）少数动词如leave, put,
discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether引导。
I
put it to you whether we should start earlier.
请您考虑一下我们能否早点出发。
I
doubt whether they’ll keep their word.
我怀疑他们能否守约。
We’re now
discussing whether we should group these three
companies.我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。
（3）whether后可与or
not直接连用，但if不可以。
I
don’t care whether/if the work will take long or
not.这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。
I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost
this game.我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。
（4）与不定式连用只能用whether。
I am
just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off
right away.
我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。
（5）有时为避免歧义，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用if。
Let
me know whether you can come. 告诉我，你是否能来。
如果改成Let me know if you can
come.就有两种译句。“告诉我你是否能来。”“如果你能来就告诉我。”
（6）在介词后通常用whether，不用if。
I’m
thinking about whether they know the answer.
我在想他们是否知道答案。
I am
not interested in whether they believe in me or
not.（介词后一般不用if）
我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。
（7）whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首。
Whether they will
join in the Winter Camp I don’t
care.他们能否参加冬令营，我不在乎。
（二）语序。要用陈述句的语序，我们来看例句。
He
asks. Do you like sports？
He asks if you like sports.
She
asks. Does the boy wash clothes？
She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes.
I
wonder. Did you go there？
I wonder if (whether) you went there.
She
asks. Are they listening to the teacher？
She asks if (whether) they are listening to the
teacher？她问他们是否在听老师讲课。
He
wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？
He wants to know if (whether) they will have class
tomorrow.他想知道他们明天是否上课。
注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时，动词的变化如下：
does→去掉→后面的动词加s或es。
did→去掉→后面的动词变为过去式。
will, is, am, are,
can, may, must, should, have, has,
had等助动词放到主语之后。
（三）时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同，即：
（1）主现——从不限（主句用一般现在时，从句不限制用什么时态）。
（2）主过——从过（主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态）。
（3）客观真理不遵循主过，从过。
3．特殊疑问句作宾语从句
（一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。
I
ask. What are you doing now？
I ask what you are doing now.
（二）语序。用陈述句的语序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同，为什么说基本相同呢？这是因为特殊疑问句有两种语序。
（1）疑问词＋一般疑问句。
- Do
you know？ Who does he often go there
with？
- Do
you know who he often goes there with？
你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗？
- I
don’t know. Whom should you depend
on？
I don’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁。 - This book will show
you. What do the best CEOs know？
This book will show you what the best CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。 - He
didn’t tell me. When will we meet again？
He didn’t tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。 - Could you please
show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？
Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone？你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器？ - None of us knows.
Where can these new parts be bought？
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。 - I
ask you. Where are you from？
I ask you where you are from？ 我问你来自哪里。
（2）疑问词＋谓语＋其它。
在第二种句式中，疑问词既是连接词，也是主语，所以语序上不作变化。
我们来看几个特殊疑问句。
Who has won the game？
“谁赢了那场比赛。”Who在句子中作主语，has won作谓语。
Do you know who has won the game？ 你知道谁赢了那场比赛吗？
What’s wrong with you？
“你哪儿不舒服？”这里what是作主语用的，是疑问词＋谓语＋其它。作宾语从句时语序不变。
I ask you what’s wrong with you.
通过上面的例句，我们可以看出特殊疑问句的语序，可以归纳特殊疑问句作宾语从句时有两种情况：
A：连接词（疑问词）＋谓语＋其它。
B：连接词（疑问词）＋主语＋谓语＋其它。
注意在用陈述句的语序时，我们还是要强调如下的几点：
（1）do→去掉→动词形式不变
e.g.What do you study？你学习什么？
The teacher asks what you study？ 老师问你学习什么？
（2）does→去掉→动词加s或es
e.g.Where does the boy go on Sunday？ 那男孩星期天去哪里？
The girl wants to know where the boy goes on Sunday.
（3）did→去掉→动词变成过去式
e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday？ 你昨天买了几本书？
I ask how many books you bought yesterday？ 我问你昨天买了几本书？
（4）助动词is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, shall, can,
may, must等，挪到主语之后。
e.g.Which class are you in？ 你在哪一个班？
The teacher asks which class you are in？ 那个老师问你你在哪个班。
（5）don’t, didn’t, doesn’t不能去掉，要挪到主语之后。
e.g.Why didn’t you come yesterday？ 为什么你昨天没有来？
The boy asks why you didn’t come yesterday. 那个男孩问你昨天为什么没有来。
（三）时态。时态变化与陈述句，一般疑问句作宾语从句的变化相同。其中特别要注意主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态。我们来看几个句子。
e.g.What are they eating？ 他们在吃什么？
I wanted to know what they were eating. 我想知道他们在吃什么？
How long has he stayed there？ 他在那里呆了多久？
She asked how long he had stayed there. 她问他在那里呆了多久。
特别提示：
当主句中的谓语动词是think, say, guess, suppose, suggest, believe, feel,
consider等时，宾语从句的引导词常是who, which, what, when, where, how,
why等疑问词，经常将这类引导词置于句首。
e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite
singer this year？
你认为今年大众会选谁作为他们最喜爱的歌手？
What do you suggest we should prepare for Thanksgiving Day？
你建议我们该为感恩节准备点什么？
4．哪些词可以接宾语从句
（1）接宾语从句的动词：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
e.g.We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are
stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的。
常用必背：
可带宾语从句的常见动词有：
hope 希望 tell 告诉 say 说 think 认为
consider 认为 imagine 想象 expect 期望 suppose 猜测
guess 猜测 know 知道 hear 听说 wonder 想知道
（2）动词短语有的也可带宾语从句
常见的这类词有：
make sure 确保 make up one’s
mind 下定决心
e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you
turn them in.
在你上交试卷前要确保没有任何错误。
We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our
bodies and characters.
我们应当牢记体育运动不但可以增强我们的体质，而且还能健全我们的人格。
（3）需用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
① 动词find, feel, think, consider, make,
believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
e.g.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every
day.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision
about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
② 有些动词跟宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有hate, take, owe, have, see
to等。
e.g.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of
food.
我讨厌人们满嘴食物时说话。
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
I take it that you will agree with us. 我认为你会同意我们的。
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in
neutral.
开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。
特别提示：如若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。
e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的是有用的。
（4）介词的宾语从句
wh-类引导的介词宾语从句
一般情况下介词后跟wh-类引导的宾语从句。
e.g.We are talking about whether we admit students into our
club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
The new book is about how Shenzhou VI manned spaceship was sent up
into space.
这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞机是如何升入太空的。
that引导的介词宾语从句
偶尔可见到except, but, besides三个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句的情况。
e.g.I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he used to
work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一无所知。
（5）形容词的宾语从句
常可引导宾语从句的形容词有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid,
surprised, satisfied（满意的），sorry等。
e.g.I’m sure that they’ll make it in spite of the terrible
weather.
我确信不管天气如何，他们会取得成功的。
I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book. 真是对不起我弄丢了你的书。
We’re all pleased that we have once again overcome the
difficulty.
真是高兴我们再次战胜了困难。
I’m not sure whether they’ll agree with such a plan.
我拿不准他们是否同意这样一个计划。
注意：用that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it代替，然后将that从句放在最后。
e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
请你相信我，我总会帮助你的。
今天我们复习了宾语从句，宾语从句最主要注意就是我们上面提到的三大问题。即：连接词的问题、语序的问题、时态的问题。宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语有很大的区别。在复习直接引语和间接引语中我们会讲这个区别。不要把宾语从句和直接引语变间接引语混为一体。
三、典型例题讲解
例题1．—Could you please tell me ________？ —Certainly.
A．what should I do to improve my
English
C．what she is looking
for
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句用陈述语序，而选项A、B和D都是疑问语序，故排除，由句意可知正确答案为C项。
答案：C
例题2．I know ________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’t
finish working until ten o’clock.
A．that
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的用法。由下文“我承诺带你去吃饭，但是我直到十点才能完成工作。”可知此处由that引导宾语从句，故选A项。
答案：A
例题3．—Can you guess ________ the new Nike sports shoes？
—Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.
A．how he paid for B．where he
bought
解题技巧：
本题考查宾语从句的连接词。how“怎样”；where“哪里”；when“什么时候”；why“为什么”。由下句“也许他让他爷爷支付的”可知，对方询问如何支付新耐克运动鞋。故选A。
答案：A
四、备考策略
宾语从句是初中阶段学习的一个主要内容，近几年中考中出现的内容较多，宾语从句的重点在三大方面，一是连接词，二是语序，三是时态。这三个问题弄清楚了，题目就容易做了。
宾语从句专题练习题
一、用恰当的连接词连接宾语从句。
1．I’d like to know ___________ you have invited him to the
meeting.
2．I know ____________ Chinese is spoken in many Southeast
countries.
3．She couldn’t decide ___________ bus she would take to the
zoo.
4．I don’t know ___________ I should tell him the truth.
5．We were happy to see ___________ there was hardly any clouds in
the blue sky.
6．Do you know ___________ Miss Jones will punish Tom？
7．He told me ___________ he was going to thank Jack.
8．Could you let us know ____________ we will fly over Hankou？
二、合成宾语从句。
1．He said. They are working hard.
__________________________________________________________
2．Do you know？ Does she study Japanese？
__________________________________________________________
3．They want to know. How long will you stay there.
__________________________________________________________
4．We think. The workers were late yesterday.
__________________________________________________________
5．The girl asked. Does the teacher teach English？
__________________________________________________________
6．I asked him. Will he like to help us？
__________________________________________________________
三、单项选择。
(
A．when we moved to the
town
C．when we move to the
town
(
A．does he live on B．he lives
in
(
A．if I have been to the Great
Wall
C．how I can get to the
station
(
A．where has Jeff
gone
C．where Jeff has
been
(
A．what do they call these
animals
C．what they call these
animals
宾语从句
1．if/whether 根据句意，这里需要一个“是否”这个连接词。
2．That 后面是一个陈述事实的句子。
3．Which
4．if/whether
5．That
6．why或whether/if
最好用why。中文意思，“为什么Jones小姐会惩罚Tom？”
7．That
8．When
二、答案及解析：
1．He said that they were working hard.
陈述句作宾语从句，用连接词that，主句用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去的时态。
2．Do you know if she studies Japanese？
一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if或whether，并用陈述句的语序。
3．They want to know how long you will stay there.
特殊疑问句作宾语从句，疑问词就是连接词，并用陈述句的语序。
4．We think that the workers were late yesterday.
陈述句作宾语从句用连接词that。
5．The girl asked if （whether）the teacher taught English.
一般疑问句作宾语从句，用连接词if, whether，用陈述句的语序，并用“主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态”。
6．I asked if （whether）he liked to help us.
解释同5。
三、答案及解析：
1．A 宾语从句用陈述句的语序，主句用了过去时，从句也用过去了的时态。
2．D 宾语从句用陈述句的语序，在第几楼用介词on。
3．C 根据答语很乐意提供帮助，这是在问路。
4．D 这是宾语从句用陈述句的语序，根据“座位是空的”，说明动作发生在老师问话之前。
5．C 根据句中“称这些动物什么”，并用了陈述句的语序。
二、宾语从句核心考点梳理
一.
宾语从句的定义及种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同引导词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why,
how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
例如：I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the
year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
that
主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish,
remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure,
sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1.that的省略：
that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。
e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it.
I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait.
以下情况下不能省略that
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will
get better．
B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
2.宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。
例如：我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：I think chickens can not swim.
正：I don’t think chickens can swim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he?
He thinks he is right, doesn’t he?
if/whether
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：
e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her
English.
只用whether的六种情况：
1.在带to的动词不定式前
He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at
home.
2.在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3.直接与or not连用时
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
4.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.
5.宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
6.引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
难点：
1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；
e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there. （应去掉that）
2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；
e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is)
3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：…when she would
come)
4.转换：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g. I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what
to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you
tell me how to get to the post office?
难点：宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find, feel ,consider, make,
believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day
.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision
about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in
neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
宾语从句中考题练兵：
一、单项选择
(
A. won’t
he
(
A. where Pudong Airport
is
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport
(
A. how much money you have
got
C. what your city looks
like
(
A. will come; will
come
C. will come;
comes
(
A. how
long
(
A. are
going
(
A. is
in
(