动词不定式/动名词（八年级下）

 

 

第一部分动词不定式

                                   Unit 1

 

一、必须掌握的动词不定式的用法。

（一）经常放在这些动词之后，做宾语。如：want, hope, wish, like, begin, start,

forget, remember, need, ask, learn, decide, would like, try, offer, plan, refuse, agree, help 等。

其形式为：

want to do;

hope to do 等。

Eg:

   Remember to post the letter.

   I hope to stay with you.

Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.

 

She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home.

 

 

My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.  

 

 

 

拓展：（1）

 

主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式

       Eg:

I find it difficult to learn English well.（其中it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语）

       注意：

此处的谓语动词通常为，think，find，feel，consider

      （2）当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.

       Eg:

He began to read and write after dinner.

 

接动词不定式做宾语的动词

想要拒绝莫忘记（want， refuse， forget）

需要努力就学习（need， try， learn）

喜欢同意加帮助（like， agree， help）

希望决定后开始（hope, decide, begin, start）
 

 

拓展：

（1）动词不定式可以和疑问词who(m), which, what, when, how, where (why) 除外等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中做主语、宾语或表语等。

Eg:

How to control the water pollution is a big problem. （作主语）

 

I don’t know how to study English well. (作宾语)

 

The trouble is whom to invite. (作表语)

    

（2）“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。

Eg:

 

I don’t know what to do next time.

= I don’t know what I should do next time.

以上动词加不定式做宾语时，也要注意其后加doing的区别。

如：

forget doing    

like doing   

begin doing  

start doing

但表达的意义不尽一样，动名词作宾语表示动作的经常性、习惯性，而不定式作宾语则表示某次具体的活动或行为。这样的动词有：like, love等。

       I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim in such cold weather.

(like swimming表示一种习惯，而like to swim则表示一种具体的动作。)

 

动名词常用在这些动词的后面做宾语：

enjoy, mind, finish, imagine, keep, practice, avoid，admit, deny, suggest等。

 

 

一些常见用法

（选学部分：主语和表语）

（1）作主语

动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：

To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.

也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：

It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.

动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：

1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.

用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：

It is interesting to play this game.

It is necessary for you to change your job.

It was impossible for them to complete the task（任务） in such a short time.

考例1：Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?

  A. now    B. man   C. that    D. it

用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：

What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.

It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful film.

It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.

2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 

    该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：

It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.

3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.

该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：

It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.

 

（2）定语

    动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：

Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)

I have much work to do.

（二）、作宾语补足语。

        动词不定式作宾语补足语，放在宾语的后面，表示宾语是什么或怎么样。其后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词（短语）有： ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise, allow等。

 

 其形式为： ask sb to do sth; tell sb to do sth 等

 不定式的否定：not to do         如：ask sb not to do sth

Eg:  The doctor asked him to take a good rest at home.

     She taught me to write something interesting.

     She asked me not to fight with others.

 

we tought them to tell stories .

注意：（1）下面动词后面通常接省to的不定式：have, let, make, feel, hear, notice, see, watch.

其形式为： have/let /make sb do sth           feel sb do sh

           hear sb do sth                    hear sb doing sth

           watch/ see/ notice sb do sth         watch/see/notice sb doing sth

     (2) help 后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可以省略也可以不省略。

Eg: He often helps us (to) do some farming work.

(三)、做目的状语。

  动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号和句子隔开，而在句子末尾一般不用逗号隔开。

Eg: To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.

   We set out at five in the morning to get there on time.

 

即学即练：

单项选择:

1. Our teacher often asks us           questions in groups.

A. discuss        B. to discuss        C. discussing      D. discussed

2. He promised            his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.

A. see           B. seeing           C. saw           D. to see

3. ------ Why are you so excited today?

------ We were told          a picnic this weekend.

A. have         B. to have           C. having        D. had

4. It’s relaxing to get close to nature             the beauty.

A. enjoy        B. enjoyed           C. to enjoy       D. enjoys

5. -----  I didn’t hear you come in just now.

  ----- That’s good, we tried            any noise, for you were sleeping.

A. not make     B. not to make       C. to make        D. making

6. ----- I’m new here.

 ----- Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can           you.

A. help         B. to help           C. invite          D. to invite

7. The teachers asked us             football on the street.

A. don’t play    B. not play          C. not to play      D. to not play

8. She’s not strong enough            walking up mountains.

A. to go        B. going            C. go             D. went

9.             a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.

A. To find      B. Find             C. To write        D. Write

10. ----- Which dress do you like best, Madam?

   ------ Sorry, I can’t decide           now.

A. to buy which one         B. buy which one

C. which one to buy         D. Which should I buy it

11. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting         a foreign language.

A. learning         B. learns       C. learn       D. to learn

12. The Greens enjoy         photos, They always go out with their camera.

A. to take          B. take         C. took       D. taking

13.----- I will go to Harbin for summer vacation. What about you?

  ----- I haven’t decided where          

A. go             B. went         C. going      D. to go

14. Would you please tell me 　　　　　　　　　next?
A. how to do　　 B. what to do　C. what do I do　　　 D. how I should do

15. The girl wasn't 　　　　　　　　　　to lift that bookcase.
A. too strong　  B. enough strong　C. strong enough　　　 D. so strong

16. .For a time his grandmother found 　　　　　　accept his new idea.
A. hard　　 B. it hard　　 C. it hard to　　 D. it is hard to

17.As she has never been there before, I'll have someone 　　　　her the way.

A. show　　 B. to show　　 C. showing　 D. showed

18.You 　　　　　　　　　　drive slowly. The roads are wet.
A. had rather　 B. would rather　C. had better　　　 D. would better

19.Nothing can make the brave soldier 　　　　　his country.                                                  A. turn against　 B. to turn against　C. to turn to　 D. turn to

20.In the old days it was difficult for the poor 　　　　a job.
A. find　　         B. to find　　     C. look　　         D. to look for        

21.It was foolish 　　　　　　　　　　his car unlocked.
A. for him to leave　  B. of him to leave　C. for  him leave　　　D. him to leave                                       22.Remember 　　　　the newspaper when you have finished it.
A. putting back　  B. put back　C. to put back　D. will put back

23.Your flat needs 　　　　　. Do you want me 　　　　　it for you?
　A. to clean; to do　　　 B. cleaning; doing
　C. cleaning; to do　　　 D. to be cleaned; doing

24. You’re going to China next year. you should now practice__    _Chinese as much as possible.

A. speak        B. to speak     C. speaking   D. speak about

25. If you don't feel well, you may just_____

 A. stopped reading   B. stop reading   C. stopped to read       D. stop to read

26. Alex finished   ___   his homework before having supper.

A. do              B. doing         C. to do               D. does

 

用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. My mum wants me             (drink) milk every day.

2. He hopes              (provide) some money for these poor students.

3. Why do you decide            (visit) the museum?

4. Who taught the girl            (sing) the English song.

5. We often go to the shop            (buy) school things.

 

用所给词的适当的形式完成短文。

Cindy was ill in hospital. We were sorry    1     (hear) that. We decided     2     (visit) her today. We hoped   3          (help) her in some way. Cindy was happy   4            (see) us. She started  5        (talk) with me about her school. She told us that she would like  6      (go) to school soon, but the doctor asked her  7        (stay) in bed for three days. We told her not  8           (worried) about her lessons. We will do everything we can  9            (help) her. Cindy said she would try her best   10             (catch) up with us.

 

 

第一部分  动名词

Unit 2

动名词

一、动名词的构成：

动名词由动词原形+ing构成，与现在分词一样。动名词的否定式是将否定词not置于动名词之前。但动名词具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、和定语。

 

变化规则：

 

1. 一般在词尾直接加-ing. 如：buy--- buying   wait---waiting    rain--- raining

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing。 如： take---taking use—using

3. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母后加-ing.  如： begin—beginning     prefer—preferring     cut----cutting

4. 少数以ie 结尾的，变ie为y, 再加-ing. 如：die---dying   lie---lying  tie—tying

5. 以oe, ee, ye 结尾的动词， 直接在词尾加-ing. 如see—seeing  flee—fleeing (逃跑，逃走)  hoe—hoeing （锄）

 

二、动名词的用法

 

1.作主语    常用于句首， 此时谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。

Swimming in the sea is her favourite sport.

2.作表语    表示主语是什么

My biggest hobby is collecting stamps.

3. 作动词和介词的宾语。

I practice speaking English every day.

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

 

 

 

有些动词或短语只能跟动名词作宾语，而不能跟不定式：

完成、实践、值得、忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）

继续、习惯、放弃（keep, be used to, give up）

考虑、建议、不禁、想要（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）

喜欢、 思念、 介意（enjoy, miss, mind）

盼望、注意 （look forward to, pay attention to）
 

4. 作定语     动名词可用于所修饰的名词前表示该事物的用途，也可使用“for+动名词”形式位于所修饰的名词后。

 

三、单项选择。

1. ---- It’s a little cold today. Would you mind           the window?

------ Of course not.

A. not opening       B. not to open      C. don’t open     D. no opening

2. ------ What about           a rest?

  ------ Ok. Let’s go out and have a walk.

A. to take           B. takes           C. takig          D. took

3. I like          , but I don’t like           right now.

A. singing, to sing    B. to sing, singing   C. sing, singing    D. to sing, to sing

4. ----- Have you finished           the book?

 ------- Not yet. I’ll try         it to you before Friday.

A. reading, returning  B. to read, to return C. reading, to return D. to read, returning  

5. ------ How would your family like to travel ?

 ------- It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers         a bus to travel while Father always sticks to            to travel.

A. to take, drive     B. to take, driving      C. taking, drive    D. taking, driving

6. ------- Have you ever seen the TV play My ugly Mother?

 --------- Yes, it’s well worth         . It’s so moving that I ‘d like       it again.

A. seeing; seeing    B. to see; to see    C. seeing; to see   D. to see; seeing

 

7. ---- Kitty enjoys         photos.

-------That's true.

A. to take        B. taking       C. taken         D. took

8. ----- Oh. I’m tired.

  ------ You should stop             now.

A. working       B. to work      C. work         D. worked

9. ----        is one of my favourite hobbies.

  ---- So am I

A. Read          B. To read      C. Reading      D. To reading

10. Watching TV too much          good for your eyes.

A. is             B. isn’t        C. are           D. aren’t

11. They left the room without           a word.

A. say            B. to say       C. saying        D. says

12. It’s not polite to keep others           for a long time.

A. wait           B. to wait      C. waiting        D. waited

13. When I entered the room I saw Debbie           a book.

A. reading        B. reads        C. read           D. to read

14. My sister is interested in             .

A. sing           B. sings        C. singing         D. sang

四、用括号里单词的适当形式填空。

(A)

1. We are so glad ________ (hear) the news.

2. I saw him ________ (cross) the road safely and ________ (run) away.

3. You can’t make him ________ (do) what you want.

4. I don’t know where ________ (meet) him.

5. What makes you ________ (think) I’m a farmer?

6. Did you see him ________ (go) upstairs?

7. It is better ________ (put) your money in a bank.

8. It is difficult for the boy ________ (swim) across the river.

9. I let him ________ (go) early as he wanted ________ (meet) his uncle at the station.

10. Will you help me ________ (move) the bed?

11. If he doesn’t know how ________ (use) the recorder, you’d better ________ (show) him.

12. He is the last one ________ (leave) the office every day.

13. It’s bad manners ________ (shout) in public.

14. The boy is old enough ________ (dress) himself.

15. She is too ill ________ (go) to school.

(B)

1. Can you imagine yourself ______　in a lonely island? (stay)

2. I can't understand your ______　at that poor child.(laugh)

3. She didn't mind _______　overtime.(work)

4. To make a living, he tried _______, ________, and various other things,

but he had failed in all .(write; paint)

5.We are looking forward to Mary's________　.  (come) .

6. Is there any possibility of our ______　the championship?(win)

7. Don’t keep me __________(wait) for a long time.

8. Knives are used for ______________(cut) things.

9. Can you finish ___________(read) the book in three days?

10. The doctor was busy ____________(operate) on the boy at that time.

11. Stop ___________(talk) and listen to me carefully.

12. Thank you very much for ____________(help) us.

13. Granny is very ill and she doesn’t feel like ___________(eat) anything.

14. The girl enjoys ___________(listen) to light music.

15. Do you remember ___________(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday?

16. We couldn’t help _________(laugh) after we heard the funny story.

17. What about ___________(go) out for a walk?

 

五、阅读理解训练。

Mr. Wu, a famous mental(心理的) doctor from Beijing once said at an important meeting, "Now many young students may have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people around them like their parents and classmates. Parents and teachers should care more about this problem."

     Then Mr. Wu gave some examples. One patient, a middle school student from Xi' an was doing badly in his study. He thought his teachers and friends often laughed at him, and he became so nervous and worried that one night he left his home without telling his parents. Another student, a 14-year-old schoolgirl from Shanghai, was very afraid of exams. Whenever she was reading the exam paper, she couldn't think of anything to write.

     A recent report from China Daily says about 18% of the young students in Shanghai have mental problems. They often felt worried and very unhappy. Unluckily, many of them won't go and ask for help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others won't talk

about their secrets.                                                                                                            

     At the end of the meeting, Mr. Ma offered some advice to young people:

   1). Talk to your parents or teachers often.                                                  

    2.)Take part in group activities. .

    3). Try to get on well with the people around you.

    4.) Go to see a doctor if you often feel unhappy.

1. The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on with others may have______

    A. no parents                         B. no secrets

   C. poor memories                      D. mental problems

2.The school girl's problem happened whenever she____.

    A .studied very hard                   B. had exams

    C. talked with her parents               D. went to see the doctor

3. Some of those with mental problems won't ask for help because _____.

  A. they don't want to tell their secrets to others

  B. their parents are too busy to look after them

  C. doctors can't help them with the problems

  D. they can deal with the problems themselves

4. The underlined word "stupid" m this passage means ____.

  A. pretty       B. happy           C. not clever        D. not friendly

5. According to the last Part of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. It' s important for children to live with their parents.

B. It’s helpful for people to see doctors very often.

C. It's useful for students to keep quiet in class.

D. It’s necessary for young people to have group activities.