八年级英语上Unit 6 Ancient stories知识点讲解及语法练习

新版深圳广州沈阳牛津版

重点单词
1.difference  n. 差别             

different  adj. 不同的
2.succeed    v  达到目的；实现目标

succeed in doing sth 
success  n 成功   successful  adj成功的
3.wood      n 木头 

  wooden     adj
4.lucky      adj         unlucky    adj       luck   n
5.Greek      n 希腊人   adj  希腊的       Greece  希腊
6.sleep       v          asleep     adj.   
7.sudden     adj.突然的   suddenly   adv.突然地
8.open       v 打开     adj. 开着的     close   v.关上    closed adj. 关着的
9.quiet      adj. 安静地   quietly     adv
10.punish    v 处罚      punishment  n
重点短语及同义词组
huge= very big              stupid= foolish=not clever       
make jokes about= make fun of =laugh at 
be full of = be filled with      except= not including          
in the end= at last       enter= go into
empty= have no people in it   
give up 放弃    give out 颁发   give in 屈服

一、词汇讲解
1. They’ve left a huge wooden horse.他们把巨大的木马留下了。
leave   left   left
（1）遗留；留下 I’ve left my umbrella on the bus. 我把伞忘在公交车上。
（2）离开When did you leave London?你什么时候离开伦敦的？
（3）leave for 到......地方去 I’m leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我要去北京。
（4）放置；听任 Leave him alone.别管他
（5）作名词  许可，准假 a three week’s leave 三周假    He went home on leave.他请假回家了。

2. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks.
他们围着木马唱歌、跳舞，取笑愚蠢的希腊人。
（1）joke
make jokes about 拿......开玩笑        You shouldn’t make jokes about the poor girl.
have a joke with sb.与某人一起说笑话
play a joke on sb 戏弄某人=make fun of= laugh at
tell jokes 讲笑话  
（2）Greek  n 希腊人 adj 希腊的     Greece 希腊                      

3. I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood.
（1）since+时间点= for+一段时间
e.g. He has lived in Shenzhen since 2010.=He has lived in Shenzhen for 3 years.
（2）Childhood 童年      child 孩子   children 复数

4.They locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep.
（1）go to sleep= go to bed
（2）fall asleep 
（3）sleepy 欲睡的 困乏的She was still tired and sleepy when he woke her.他叫醒她的时候，她仍然又累又困。

5. By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.
到半夜的时候，除了那匹巨大的木马，广场上空无一人
（1）by 介词 当（某时候）到了，到（某时）之前，不晚于
e.g.They were tired out by evening.到晚上时，他们疲倦极了。
     by 通过+Ving
e.g.Match them with the correct countries by writing the letters in the brackets.
（2）except for 除.......之外，只是
e.g.The room is tidy except for the carpet.除地毯外，房间很干净

辨析】except; except for; besides
except “除......之外”表示“例外、排除”，表示排除的是同类事物或行为。
e.g.He gets up early every day except Sunday.除了星期天外，他每天都早起。
except for “除......之外”，它后面的宾语一般为句子里所涉及的内容并非同类事物或行为
e.g.The story is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.除了几个拼写错误外，这个故事写得很好
besides“除......之外还有”=in addition
e.g.We all went swimming besides him.除了他以外，我们也都去游泳了。

6.The horse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one by one.
be full of= be filled with
e.g.The glass is filled with milk.= The glass is full of milk.
（1）one by one 一个接着一个 step by step一步步

7.In one night, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.在一夜之内，他们靠一个计谋成功地夺取了它。
  （1）succeed in doing sth = do sth successfully成功地做了某事
  （2）success  不可数名词 “成功 成就”
      e.g.Both plans have been tried without success.两个计划都已试过，但未获成功
        可数名词“成功的人或事”
     e.g.The plan was a great success.这项计划极为成功。
  （3）successful adj 成功的a successful teacher 一个成功的老师

语法知识
Because they didn’t need to study so much history.
need
(1)作实义动词
作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does.
A. need sth.
need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词或代词。We need a great deal of money now. 我们需要和多钱。
B. need doing 与 need to be done
The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
C. need to do sth.
作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：
What do we need to take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？
You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。
(2)用作情态动词
①．没有人称和数的变化。
②．不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词始终是动词原形。
③．变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。
④．变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。
这是情态动词的共性，作为情态动词的need当然也具有这些共性。了解了这些还不够，还要掌握作为情态动词need的一个个性，就是它只能用于否定句和疑问句，
Need I type this letter again? 我需要重新录入将这封信吗？
There is enough time. You needn’t hurry. 有的是时间，你不必着急。
---Must I hand in my homework now?  现在我必须交作业吗？
---No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。

词组:
1. 将...表演出来                 
2. 拿...开玩笑                 
3. 除...之外                 
4. 大量的;许多的                 
5. 最后                 
6. 快;加油                 

重点词汇:
1. understand v.理解
(1) Understand-understood-understood-understanding
 I              what you said.(understand)
She             what you are talking.(understand)
             each other is necessary.(understand)

2.difference n.差别不可数
(1) difference(n)—different(adj)
(2) A is different from B  A与B不一样
A与B有很多的差距.
There are much difference between A and B.
苹果跟梨子很不一样.
The apple is different from the pear.
练习:
我们之间有很大的差别.
There is                   between us.
你跟你爸爸差距很大.
You are                  your father so much.

3.except 除..之外.
我们都很快乐,除了你.
We are happy,except you.
我每科都很好,除了数学.
I                             all the subjets,                 .

4.steal v.偷
(1) steal—stole---stolen—stealing
(2) 同意词:rob-robbed—robbed—robbing
(3) rob sb of sth 偷某人某物
他已经偷了100块.
He              100 yuan.
我昨晚偷了一千块.
I         1000 yuan last night.
她昨晚偷了我一个包包.
She       me a bag last night.

5.punish v.惩罚
(1) punish—punished—punished—punishing
(2) Punish sb
爸爸别惩罚我.
Dear dady,don,t           me.(punish)
你已经惩罚我三次了.
You         already         me for three times.

重点词组:
1. act out 将...表演出来
演员应该将表演天赋表演出来.
Actors should              their acting talent.
表现出你自己就很好了.
                yourself is OK.

2.make jokes about 拿...开玩笑
拿别人开玩笑是不礼貌的行为.
                         the others is impolite behavior.

3.except for 除...之外
这篇作文很好,除了一点语法毛病.
The article is good              some mistakes of grammar.

4.be full of 有大量
这里有大量的苹果.
There                     apples.

5.in the end 在最后
反义词:at the beginning 开始
我们最后胜利了.
We won                      .
开始的时候很努力,在最后却放弃了.
We work hard                       ,but give up                          .
 
6.come on 加油!
加油!你是第一名.
             ,you are the NO.1.

一、单项选择（每小题1分，满分15 分）
21. Look out! The cup is ____ hot water.
     A. full of  B. fill with         C. full      D. fill
22. —Where is Mrs Smith? 
       —She isn’t here. She ________ to England.
   A. has gone B. has been  C. went   D. goes   
23. By the time of last year, she ____ the piano for five years.  
   A. learnt  B. has learnt  C. had learnt  D. will learn
24. It’s hard ________ his strange idea.
A. understand         B. understanding 

C. understood        D. to understand
25. I’ve found your watch. You ________ it on my desk yesterday.
A. left        B. have left     C. forgot    D. have forgotten
26. They have gone to Beijing for a meeting. They will be back ________.
A. after a few weeks    B . in a few week’s time   C. in a few weeks’ time   D. for a few weeks
27. —The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it?
   —Oh, it is ________ books.
   A. filled with B. covered with C. used for  D. asked for
28. Can you say the answers ________ the questions?
A. of   B. to    C. on   D. for
29. The people in Ya’an have met lots of difficulties, but they haven’t ________ hope.
   A. picked up B. given up  C. looked for  D. waited for
30. You used to be quiet, ________ you?    
A. used  B. did   C. didn’t   D. are
31. —I’m feeling terrible these days.
   — ________    
   —I have so much homework to do that I can’t find enough time to play soccer.  
   A. Do you feel sad?    B. What's you r opinion? 

   C. Are you ill?   D. What's the matter?
32. My family live in a house ________ green trees around it.
   A. with  B. in    C. for   D. among
33. My life ________ a lot in the last five years.
   A. have changed   B. has changed 

   C. changed    D. will change

34. —How long h ave you ________ the basketball team of the school?
   —For about two years.
A. been on  B. been   C. joined   D. played

35. —How about going shopping on Sunday?
   — ________.
A. Yes, I will   B. Thank you     

C. That’s a good idea   D. Yes, please
二、完形填空（每小题1分，满分10分）
Money makes the world go around. That’s     36    business people think. They spend their days thinking about ways to get      37    money. To make money, business people always try their best. A business may be as     38    as one woman selling her homemade cookies. Or it can be a large one with hundreds or even thousands of people    39   for it. But anyway, business is business.   
You’ll find business people are doing different things. Every business has a head. The job of business head takes     40    hours. Sometimes, he has to work on Saturdays and travel a lot. Many of his days are     41    in meetings.   
Business people who work in a large business must have     42    for many years. However, that is not enough, they also must know how to tell other people what to do, how to decide things, how to work out     43    problems, and how to talk with other people.   
Many people go in business     44    they want a lot of money. Anyone can give it a try and see how well they can do in business. But only those who work hard and have good    45   
can make money. 
36. A. who  B. what   C. that   D. whether
37. A. dirtier  B. cleaner   C. more   D. less
38. A. small  B. important  C. interesting  D. popular
39. A. keeping  B. protecting  C. waiting  D. working
40. A. cheap  B. expensive  C. long   D. short 
41. A. given  B. divided  C. long   D. spent
42. A. studied  B. taught   C. thought  D. dreamt
43. A. easy  B. difficult  C. possible  D. impossible
44. A. if   B. because  C. until   D. while
45. A. time  B. power   C. luck   D. age
三、阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）
A
One day  Jack’s wife was cleaning out a closet（壁橱）. “Look at all these umbrellas,” she said to Jack. “There are eight and they are all broken.” “I’ll take them to the umbrella shop and have them mended,” Jack said. Jack took the eight umbrellas to the shop and left them there. “They’ll be ready tomorrow,” the shopkeeper said.
That evening Jack went home from the office by bus as usual. He sat next to an old woman. She had an umbrella on the floor near her. When the bus reached his stop, he picked up her umbrella and stood up. “Hey!” the woman said. “That’s my umbrella!” 
“I’m sorry,” Jack said, and at the same time he gave the umbrella to her. “I wasn’t thinking. Please excuse me.” 
The next day he got back the umbrellas from the umbrella shop and got on the bus. As he sat down, a voice behind him said, “You certainly have a successful day!”  He turned around and saw the woman whose umbrella had almost been taken by him the day before.
46. Jack’s wife found         umbrellas in the closet. 
   A. eight broken   B. broken eight  C. eight new  D. new eight 
47.         had the broken umbrellas mended in the umbrella shop. 
   A. Jack’s wife   B. Jack    C. The shopkeeper D. The old woman
48. That evening the old woman’s umbrella was almost taken by        .
   A. the shopkeeper  B. Jack’s wife   C. Jack   D. the driver
49. The next day Jack saw the woman        .
   A. in the shop   B. at home   C. on the train  D. on the bus
50. Which of the following is True?
   A. Jack had an umbrella shop.      

B. The woman’s umbrella was Jack’s.
   C. The woman thought Jack was a thief.    

D. Jack bought eight umbrellas from the shop again. 
                                                     B
Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policeme n at all. A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid. 
About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there. The city was very dirty and many people were poor. There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people stayed in their homes as much as possible. 
In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called “Bow Street Runners” because they worked near Bow Street. 
Fifty years later, there were 120 “Bow Street Runners”, but London had become very big and needed more policemen. So in 1829, the first Metropolitan (or London) Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Most of the men worked on foot, but a few rode horses. Until 1920 all the police in London were men. 
Today, London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.  
51. In 1700, the men who prote cted the streets were paid        . 
    A. a few   B. nothing    C. a little  D. a lot
52. About 300 years ago, many people        . 
   A. wanted to leave London     B. had big houses in London
   C. became policemen       D. came to live in London
53. People didn’t leave their houses because        . 
   A. they had no money      B. they were afraid of losing money
   C. the city was not clean      D. they liked homes
54. The “Bow Street Runners”        . 
   A. stopped people stealing     B. stole money
   C. paid people to steal      D. stopped people riding horses
55. Today, police officers who ride horses are paid        . 
   A. the same as their workmates    B. more than their workmates
   C. half as much as their workmates    D. less than their work mates
四、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词（每小题1分，满分5分）
56. This is an a________ parable.
57. He is trying his best to u________ his meaning.
58. My husband has several shirts of d________ colors.
59. The teacher asked me to note down the m________ points of the speech.
60. We discovered a s________ passage behind the wall.
五、根据汉语意思 完成句子（每小题2分，满分10分）
61.以前到家后，我会把电影内容表演给孩子们看。
   I used to come home and ________ ________ the movie for the kids.
62.他们取笑我戴眼镜的样子。
   They ________ ________ ________ the way I wear glasses.
63.屋子里除了一张破木椅什么都没有。
   The room was empty ________ ________ a broken wood chair.
64.经过许多年的努力，他最后获得了大奖。
   After many years of hard work, he won the award ________ ________ ________.
65.快点，我们到邮局里边去。
    ________ ________ , let’s go inside the post office.
六、书 面表达（满分20分）
  根据下面汉语提示写一篇关于书籍为我们带来的益处的短文。80词左右。

1.没有朋友在一起，你也可以享受到与朋友在一起的乐趣——阅读；
2.当你孤身一人在家时也能周游世界；
3.你可以与生活在几千年前的古人交流；
  4.我们可以成为聪明人的朋友，这能给我们快乐。不读书的人是无法从中获得快乐的。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

21. A  be full of/be filled with意为“充满……，装满……”。根据句意“当心！杯子里装满了热水”可知选A。
22. A  因为不在此处，所以用has gone to sp.，意为“去了某地还没回来”。
23. C  由by the time of last year可知用过去完成时，故选C项。句意：到去年为止，她学习钢琴已经五年了。
24. D  此题中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。
25. A  本题考查现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。首句虽然是现在完成时态，但第二句中的yesterday表明该句用一般过去时，故排除B、D两项；另外，表示“把某物忘在某地”用动词leave，而不用动词forget。
26. C  “in+时间段”表示过多久以后某事要发生，是表示将来的时间状语。
27. A   be filled with意为“装满……”；be covered with意为“用……覆盖”；be used for意为“被用来做……”；ask fo r意为“请求”。根据句意“这个箱子太重了”可知“它装满了书”。故选A。
28. B  the answers to the questions中的介词要用to，此短语意为“这些问题的答案”。
29. B  pick up意为“捡起”；give up意为“放弃”；look for意为“寻找”；wait for意为“等”。由but可知，前后为转折关系，再结合英语提示可知句意应为“雅安的人们遇到了许多困难，但是他们未放弃希望”。故选B.

30. C  本题考查反意疑问句。根据“前肯后否”的原则，正确选项为C。
31. D  What’s the matter?意为“怎么了？”，符合语境。
32. A  with意为“带有”。句意：我家住在一个周围有绿树的房子里。
33. B  由时间状语in the last five years知用现在完成时。又因主语my life为单数形式，故选B项。
34. A  此题应用现在完成时，表示在某队里打球应用介词on；join为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
35. C  That’s a good idea.用来表示赞成对方的建议。
36. B  此处what作think的宾语。
37. C  get more money意为“获得更多的钱”。
38. A  small与后面的large相对应。
39. D  work for it（business）意为“为公司工作”。
40. C  由后面的work on Saturdays可知答案。
41. D  由前面的days可知用spend。
42. A  由下一句可知答案。
43. B  difficult problems意为“难题”。
44. B  许多人会下海经商，因为他们想要很多的钱。
45. C  good luck意为“好运”。
46. A  由第一段中的“There are eight and they are all broken.”可知答案。
47. B  由第一段中的“I’ll take them to the umbrella shop and have them mended,”Jack said.可知答案。
48. C  由第二段中的When the bus reached his stop, he picked up her umbre lla and stood up. “Hey!” the woman said. “That’s my umbrella!”可知答案。
49. D  由第四段中的The nex t day he got back the umbrellas from the umbrella shop and got on the bus...可知答案。
50. C  由第四段中的“You certainly have a successful day!”He turned around and saw the woman whose umbrella had almost been taken by him the day before.可知，杰克因为差点错拿了那位老妇人的伞而被她误以为是小偷。
51. B  由第 一段中的“A few old men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.”可知答案。
52. D  由第二段中的“About 300 years ago, London was starting to get bigger and more and more people began to live there.”可知答案。
53. B  由第二段中的“There were so many thieves who stole money in the streets that people  stayed in their homes as much as possible.”可知答案。
54. A  由第三段中的“In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like policemen and were called ‘Bow Street Runners’...”可知答案。
55. B  由最后一段“Today, London police are quite well paid and for the few police officers who still ride horses, the pay is even better than for the others.”可知答案。
56. ancient     57. understand    58. different     59. main     60. secret
61. act out     62. make jokes about    63. except for    64. in the end    65. Come on
66. ability    67. However    68. included    69. Nobody    70. suddenly
One possible version:     
Most of us cannot enjoy ourselves without friends, but, when reading, we can have fun on our own. While sitting alone in our houses we can travel around the whole world, and we can know thousands of things. Today, we can communicate with those who lived thousands of years ago. We can become friends of clever men. Only books give us this happiness. Those who cannot enjoy books are poor people. Those who enjoy reading books can get a great deal of happiness.