八年级上Unit 6 Ancient stories重点语法

一．重点语法学习：
▲p. 81

1. Because they didn’t need to study so much history.
need：
(1)need作实义动词
         作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does.
A. need sth.
       need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词或代词。
如：

We                                        money now. 现在我们需要很多钱。

B. need doing 与 need to be done
如：

The door         painting.

= The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。
C. need to do sth.
        作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式,表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：
如： 

 What do we                    take for the picnic? 野餐我们需要带些什么？
You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。

(2)need用作情态动词
①没有人称和数的变化。
②不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词始终是动词原形，need do。
③变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加needn’t do。
④变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。

▲2. ancient：           反义词：               
This is                             . 这是一座古城。

   Children in ______ times had no toys.

▲3. understand：            
过去式：            过去分词：             同义词：           
(1)                                                    ？你懂英语吗？
(2) I                          what you said. 我不理解你说的话.

(3) We need to understand the differences between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.

▲4. difference:           形容词：           动词：         
     (1)  the difference of=the difference between A and B. …与… 之间的差别
       There are                         Lucy        Lily. 露西和李莉之间有一些差别。
     (2)  be different from 与… 不同
       This building                         that one. 这栋建筑跟那一栋不一样。
▲5. The captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy.
Captain:                                

▲6. They’ve tried to capture our city for ten years.
    (1) try to do sth: 试图做某事，努力做某事，有时可以用：try and do sth来替代
如：

We’ll                      the work in a week. 我们将努力在一周内完成这项工作。
    Don’t                      across the river, because it is dangerous. 别试图游过那条河。
(2).try doing sth: 试着/尝试做某事
如：My parents aren’t at home. I’m               by myself. 我父母不在家，我正试着自己做饭。
▲7. They’ve given up and sailed away.
    Give up sth/ doing sth放弃    give out 颁发   give in 屈服
    Don’t                   , you will be successful one day. 不要放弃学习，你将来会成功的。

▲8. They’ve left a huge wooden horse.。
leave -       （过去式） -          （现在分词）
（1）I’ve left my umbrella on the bus.                 
（2）When did you leave London?                    
（3）I’m leaving for Beijing next month.               
（4）Leave him alone.                              
（5）作名词  许可，准假 a three week’s leave 三周假    He went home on leave.他请假回家了。
Huge的同义词：                    

▲9. The Greeks didn’t want to take it with them.
   take sth with sb  某人随身携带某物
  Don’t forget to         money          you when you go out. 你出去时，别忘了带钱。

▲10. Get some help and pull it into the city.
   pull 动词，意为：                 反义词：               
   pull…into…把…拉入/拖入…     pull…out of…. 把… 从…. 拉出来
   They are       the boat        the sea. 他们正把船拖进海里。
   He         the boy                the hole. 他把这个男孩从洞里拉了出来。

▲11. That night, in the main square of the city, all the Trojans celebrated.   
   (1). main 主要的   词性：          同义词：         
      What is the           idea of the passage? 文章的主旨是什么？
   (2). Celebrate 庆祝，庆贺     词性：         名词：             
       All the Chinese people are           the Spring Festival. 所有中国人都在庆祝春节。

▲12. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks.
（1）joke
make jokes about 拿......开玩笑        You shouldn’t make jokes about the poor girl.
have a joke with sb.与某人一起说笑话
play a joke on sb 戏弄某人=make fun of= laugh at
tell jokes 讲笑话  
（2）Greek  n 希腊人 adj 希腊的     Greece 希腊   
（3）stupid：                 同义词：                        

▲13. I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood.
（1）since+时间点= for+一段时间
e.g. He has lived in Shenzhen         2010.=He has lived in Shenzhen          3 years.
（2）Childhood 童年      child ：             复数：           

▲14. They locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep.
（1）go to sleep= go to bed
（2）fall asleep：   They                soon when they got home . 他们一回到家很快就睡着了。
（3）feel sleepy： 欲睡的 困乏的 After finishing the work, he               .
完成这项工作后，他感到很困。

▲15.By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse.
（1）by 介词 当（某时候）到了，到（某时）之前，不晚于
例：They were tired out by evening.到晚上时，他们疲倦极了。
     拓展：by +Ving 意为“通过…”
例：Match them with the correct countries by         (write) the letters in the brackets.
（2）empty：可以做形容词也可以做动词
       形容词：                反义词：            
动词：                反义词：            
（3）except for 除.......之外，只是
例：The room is tidy except for the carpet.除地毯外，房间很干净
【辨析】except; except for; besides
(1). except “除......之外”表示“例外、排除”，表示排除的是同类事物或行为。
例：He gets up early every day except Sunday.除了星期天外，他每天都早起。
(2). except for “除......之外”，它后面的宾语一般为句子里所涉及的内容并非同类事物或行为
例：The story is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几个拼写错误外，这个故事写得很好
(3). besides“除......之外还有”=in addition
例：We all went swimming besides him.除了他以外，我们也都去游泳了。

▲16. Suddenly a secret door opened on the side of the wooden horse.
(1). secret在此处词性是：              意为：             
例：                                  .他们正在召开秘密会议。。
   secret还可以做名词，意为：            
  例：Can you keep it a secret?                            
(2). Wooden在此处的词性是：               名词：            

▲17. The horse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one by one.
（1）be full of=            
例：The glass                milk.= The glass              milk.
（2）one by one 一个接着一个 其中by 是介词，意为“逐一”
类似的表达：step by step一步步， little by little 一点一点地，渐渐地

▲18. The Greek army entered the city.
   enter 此处做及物动词，意为“进入，走进”， enter +名词 表示“进入…” 此时enter后面不能加into
   例： He           the room quietly. 他悄悄地进入房间。
  
▲19. In one night, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick.
  （1）succeed--       (过去式)              (名词)               (形容词)
（2）succeed in doing sth = do sth successfully成功地做了某事
      He                           the exam. 他考试及格了。
      If you work hard, you will          . 如果努力工作，你就会成功。
（3）success  可以做不可数名词，意为 “成功 成就”
   例：Both plans have been tried without success.两个计划都已试过，但未获成功
       Success 也可以可数名词，意为“成功的人或事”
   例：The plan was a great success.这项计划极为成功。
 
语法通关
1. 现在完成时Since和for的用法：
(1). since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间 (数词+量词) ，此划线部分用how long提问。
　　since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。
如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.
1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。
　　    He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.
他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。
　 (2). for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。
如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
　　     I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
☺练习：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years       2) _______ two years ago   3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999        5) _______ yesterday    6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours     8) _______ an hour ago   9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time    11) ______ she left here

2. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:
     现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。
试比较：
     I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
  ▲ 常与现在完成时一起出现的时间状语词：
        for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
  ▲ 常与过去时一起出现的时间状语词：
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
▲ 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.　过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
☺针对性训练
1、 Mike  ______  (become )a worker in the factory in 1998. He  ______  （work） there since then.
2、 It  ______  (take) me two hours to finish my work yesterday.
3、 Li Yuchun  ______   (win )the first prise in the Super Voice Girls Competition in 2005.
4、 He   ______  (sleep )very late yesterday.
5、 Mrs. Green ______ (teach) in No.14 Middle School for ten years.
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.
A. had made…have tried 　B. made…have tried   C. has made…tried　　　 D. made…tried

2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A. learned…has 　B. learned…did 　C. has learned…has　 D. has learned…did

3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there !
A. has got…is 　B. has climbed…was　 C. got …was　　D. climbed…is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did　 B. Have…copied…have 　C. Have…copied…did 　D. Did …copy…had

5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .”
A. did…get…shouted　B. has…got…shouted C. did…get…has shouted 　D. has…got…has shouted

6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A. Have …seen…did…see   B. Did …see…did…watch　
C. Have…seen…have…seen  D. Did …see…have…seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
　　A. kept…waited　 B. have kept…waited  C. kept…have waited　　D. have kept…have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour.
　　A. has…been…has gone　B. has…gone…has been 　C. did…go…went　 D. did…be…went

9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.
　　A. Has…cried…has stopped　　　B. Is…crying…stopped
　　C. Did …cry…stopped 　　　　　D. Is…crying…has stopped

10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years.
　　A. knew…have lived 　C. knew…live　 C. know…have lived 　D. know…live

11. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
　　A. Have…gone to 　B. Have…gone in 　C. Have…been to 　D. Have …been in

12. My brother ____college for over three years.
　　A. has gone to　 B. has been to　 C. has been in　 D. has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989. He ______ in the army since then.
　　A. joined…is　　B. has joined…has been 　　C. had joined…is　　 D. had joined …has been

14. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.
　　A. came…have sent　 B. came…had sent　 C. come…have sent　 D. had come…sent
15. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he ____ a rest.
　　A. went…took　 B. went…had taken 　C. had gone…took 　D. had gone…had taken

16. We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.
　　A. had found…had been 　B. had found…was 　C. found…had been 　D. found…was

17. Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.
　　A. reaches…has got　　 B. reached…had got　 　C. reached…got 　　D. had reached…got

18. I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.
　　A. wrote…heard 　　B. wrote…had heard 　C. had written…heard 　　D. have written…hear

19. People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.
　　A. say…had stopped 　　B. said…has stopped 　　C. say…stopped 　　D. said…had stopped

20. We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.
　　A. didn’t get…had had　　 B. got…had had　　 C. had got…had had 　　D. got…hadn’t had

21. They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.
　　A. flew…arrived　　B. had flown…had arrived C. flew…had arrived 　　D. had flown…arrived

22. She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.
　　A. says…has rained 　　B. says…had rained 　　C. said…had rained 　　D. said…rained

23. John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.
　  A. had worked…knew　B. had worked…had known C. worked…knew D. worked…had known

24. He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.
　　A. had got…had waited 　　B. got…waited 　　C. had got…waited 　　D. got…had waited

25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
　 -When __________ you __________ it？
　 -The day before yesterday.
　　A. have； seen　　 B. will； see　　 C. did； see　　 D. did； seen

26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
　　A. lived　 　B. has lived　　 C. lives　　 D. is going to live

27. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.
　　A. planted； planted　　　　 B. planted； have planted
　　C. have planted； planted　　D. have planted； have planted