九年级定语从句 Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

一．定语从句的理解：

用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：

a tall building    the book on the desk   anything important   the girl in red

如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。

I know the girl.  The girl is dancing.  (两个简单句)

→I know the girl who is dancing. （定语从句）

 被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。

其中连接两个句子的是______________， 称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。

 

附：关系词与先行词的关系：

关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。

定语从句中常用的关系词有：

关系代词   who / whom (先行词表示人)   which (先行词表示物) 

 that / whose (先行词表示人或物)     

关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；

可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…）

关系副词 when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)

关系副词在从句中充当状语。

 

二、定语从句的引导词

定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词.

关系代词：that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格 whose)

关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分。

e.g: The man  （who    lives next to us） is a policeman.

    先行词   关系代词  （）定语从句

 关系代词who连接主句和从句，同时在从句中代替the man,充当从句的主语。

（初中阶段我们重点学习关系代词引导的定语从句。）

 

三、关系代词的用法

1、who/whom

who和whom都可以指人，who在定语从句中做主语或宾语，whom做宾语；做宾语时都可省略。

e.g: I don’t know the boy (who is playing football) 作主语

The girl (whom/who we met yesterday) is Tom’s sister. 作宾语（作宾语可以省略）        

 

2、whose

whose是who和which的所有格形式，表示“…的”，指可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

e.g: This is my sister (whose hair is yellow).

I have a bedroom (whose window is large).

 

3、which

which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。

　e.g: The building (which stands near the train station) is a supermarket.

   位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

　 The film (which we saw last night) was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

 

4、that

that 既可指人也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。

 e.g: Mary likes music (that is quiet and gentle).

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that指物，=which, 作主语）

　 The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that指物，=which, 作宾语）

The boy (that visited our school yesterday) is from England.

   昨天来我们学习参观那个男孩来自英格兰。（that指人，=who, 作主语）

He is the man (that I visited last week).

他就是我上周拜访的那个人。（that指人，=who/whom, 作宾语）

 

★  关系词只能用that的情况：

1) 先行词为all， any， much， many，little, something, everything， anything，nothing, none，the one等不定代词时

　 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 　　　　

2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时

　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

3) 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last， little，few 等词修饰时

　 This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

4) 先行词里同时含有人或物时

　 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

      我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

5）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.

　 Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

6）there be 结构中先行词是物时

　 There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

 

★（先行词指人）关系词只能用who的情况：

1) 当先行词是泛指代词he，they，people或指示代词that, those等时

He who does no work gets no pay.  不工作的人是没有报酬的。 

We are in need of those who can work hard. 我们需要那些努力工作的人。

2) 不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时

One who works without complain is welcome here． 那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎。

3) 在非限制性定语从句（先行词是人且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开）

The man, who comes from France, helped us at last. 那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们。

4) 在there be 句型中

There is a girl who comes from America in our class.

 

★（先行词指物）关系词只能用which的情况：　

1）先行词为that，those时

What’s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

2）关系代词（指物）前有介词时

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

3）引导非限制性定语从句且先行词是物时

Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

 

注意：

1、当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who/whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用 

介词+which(指物) / whom(指人)

　This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.

           请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

2、在there be 句型中，先行词指人只能用who，指物只能用that。

There is a girl who expects to see you.

There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk.

 

一、       关系副词的用法（简单介绍）

（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

　　This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

　　This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，在句子作原因状语。

　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

             没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

 

小结：

   

关系代词	先行词	在从句中充当
who	人	主语、宾语
whom	人	宾语
whose	人、物	定语
which	物	主语、宾语
that	人、物	主语、宾语

 

                         关系代词用法歌诀

关系词，引定从，它们用法要分清。

that可用作主和宾，指人指物都能行。

which用来指代物，主语宾语都可充。

who和whom来指人，作主作宾各不同。

whose一词作用大，表人表物都能用。

 

That与which区别歌诀

that，which不一般，同指物时可互换。

不定代词为先行，只有that才可用。

先行词前有修饰，千万不可用which。

要用which也不难，可将介词来提前。

 

典型例题

一、用关系代词填空

1、This is the professor                 taught me Chemistry in 1980 .

2、The hospital                       was built five years ago has been modernized.

3、This is the boy                    father died three years ago.

4、The film                       we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.

5、Do you know the student                 was praised at the meeting?

6、They work in a factory                     makes radio parts.

7、This is the vision phone through                   we can see and talk to our friends.

8、He talked about the teachers and schools                  he had visited.

9、 He is the person ______ helped me.

10、That’s the computer ______ broke down.

11、We’re not the students ______ won the bad-Minton match.

12、It’s the dog ______ lives in our block of flats.

13、They’re the socks ______ are on sale this week.

14、He’s the person ______ is waiting for a taxi.

15、This is the train _______ goes to Shenzhen.

16、This is the road _______ leads to the Book City.

17 、Those                 want to go to the computer room write your names here.

18、Who is the person            is standing at the ga te?

 

二、单项选择

(   ) 1. The man_____you saw in the street is Tommy.  

       A. which          B.whose   C. that          D.as

(   ) 2. Is this the museum _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

       A. Who   B. which   C. the one   D. whom

(   ) 3. The boy _____ has an interesting story book.

      A. who sit next to you      B. which sits next to you

      C. whom sits next to you    D. that lives next to you

(   ) 4. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been to.

     A. who       B. that   C. where          D. when

(   ) 5.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.

      A. which     B. that     C. as     D. who

(   ) 6. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

      A. who   B. which   C. they   D. where

(   ) 7. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

       A. which   B. when   C. who   D. whom

(   ) 8. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

      A. who   B. whom   C. he   D. which

(   ) 9. This is the house _______ I want to buy. 

      A. in which   B. that   C. whose   D. where

(   ) 10. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.

       A. that    B. who     C. whom  D. this

(   ) 11. I am the only one ______ can do it right.

      A. which   B. who   C. that   D. whom

(   ) 12. This is the best film ______I have ever seen.

      A. which   B. who   C. that   D. whom

(   ) 13. All ______ is needed is a supply of oil.

     A. which   B. who   C. that   D. whom

(   ) 14.Take care of the boy and the dog ____ are crossing the street. 

A. which   B. who   C. that   D. whom

(   ) 15.Finally, the thief handed everything____ he had stolen to the police.

A. which   B. what   C. whatever   D. that

(   ) 16.Who is the woman___ was talking to Miss Li?

A. he   b. that   C. whom   D. which

(   ) 17.In the street I met the scientist ______gave us a talk last week.

1.      he   B. which    C. who   D. what

(   ) 18.That’s the only thing ___ can’t be forgotten in my life.

1. that   B. which   C. who     D./

(   ) 19.New York, ______ I visited last year, is a nice city.

A. which   B. where   C. when    D. it

(   ) 20. He is an estate businessman ____ loves climbing.

A. who   B. whom   C. he   D. which

 

拓展练习

一、单项选择

1. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
    A. what       B. who      C. whom      D. which
2. This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.
    A. which    B. what    C. whose   D. whom
3. Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?
    A. what    B. which    C. who     D. whom
4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
    A. /     B. why     C. when     D. what
5. I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ______ you can visit      during the winter holidays.
    A. where     B. which    C. what    D. that
6. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you   visit Korea.
  A. which     B. who    C. what     D. how
7. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers,    ________has a great effect on my life.
   A. when; who          B. that; which      C. which; that          D. when; which 
8. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?
   A. that      B. /     C. which    D. it                          
9. Is ________ some German friends visited last week?
   A. this school      B. this the school     C. this school one     D. this school where 
10. ---What kind of music do you like?  
   ---I like music ________ has great lyrics.
    A. that     B. what    C. who     D. whose
11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.
    A. which   B. that    C. what     D. where
12. The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
    A. which  B. where   C. what   D. in which
13. The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
    A. which I bought it     B. I bought    C. what I bought         D. I bought it
14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.
   A. who    B. whom    C. whose   D. which
15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?
  A. who     B. whom   C. which   D. where
16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?
   A. who     B. whom   C. which    D. what
17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.
   A. what   B. whose    C. whom   D. which
18. I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
  A. that     B. who      C. how     D. why
19. I hate people ________ talk much but do little.
   A. whom    B. which     C. who     D. when
20. I am one of the boys ________never late for school. 
   A. that is   B. who are   C. who am   D. who is

二、选择可以替换划线部分的最佳选项

1. Have you read the book called The Adventures of TomSawyer yet?

A said        B named         C talked

2. All the boys had fun playing soccer except Jack.

A with        B including         C not including

3. If it goes on raining, the houses will be drowned.

A stops         B starts           C continues

4. After the hard working, Tom gained great success in his study.

A got            B paid             C passed

5. One method of improving your English is to read storybooks.

 A. way          B. kind             C. part     

6. Who is the author of this novel?

A. owner         B. writer           C. reader