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七年级下Unit 2 France is calling
(2014-04-12 16:48:46)
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正东方教育课件——七教育 |
分类： 初中小学 |
七年级下Unit2 France is calling
- 课文
- 考点
- 语法and,but,so，or
- 单元测试
Unit
2
Paris is the capital of France. Here you will find many famous
places of interest such as the Eiffel Tower. You can go to the
Louvre Museum if you like art. The most famous street in Paris is
the Champs-Elysees. This is the place to go if you want to visit
some shops and department stores.
巴黎是法国的首都。在这你将找到许多著名的名胜古迹像埃菲尔铁塔。如果你喜欢艺术，你能去卢浮宫博物馆。在巴黎最著名的大街是香榭丽舍大街。如果你想去参观商店和百货商场的话，这就是可去的地方。
法国以它的果酒非常著名。在法国中心有许多葡萄园，农民种植葡 萄，为了制作好的法国果酒。
法国有为每个人的东西，因此为什么不今年就参观法国呢？
第一部分and,but,so，or的基本用法汇总
一、◆and的六点用法◆
(1) 表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且”：
We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。
I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。
He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴，她唱歌。
(2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性：
The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。
We waited for hours and hours. 我们一直等了好几个小时。
The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。
【注】但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类：
There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 词典很多，有好有坏。
Don’t worry—there are rules and rules. 别担心——规则与规则不一样。
(3) 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的，大致相当于不定式符号 to：
Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。
We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。
(4) 有时用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”：
Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。
Arrive late once more and you’re fired. 你再迟一次，你就会被开除。
比较：If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 如果你努力干，你会成功的。
(5) 有时表示对比(有类似but的意思)：
He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有，但却过着朴素的生活。
Robert is secretive and David is candid. 罗伯特深藏不露，而戴维则有啥说啥。
(6) 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”，“挺”：
It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。
The book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵。
二、◆or的用法归纳◆
■表示选择，意为“或”“还是”：
Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的?
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？
Is he asleep or awake? 他睡着了还是醒着?
Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？
You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。
Are you from North China or South China? 你是华北人还是华南人?
You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来，也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。
■表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则”：
Come
on, or we’ll be late.
Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。
Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold. 穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的。
Be careful, or you’ll break that vase! 小心，否则你会把那花瓶打碎!
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心，要看两边，不然会被车撞倒。
■可表示“要不就是”：
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了。
The book must be here, or else you’ve lost it. 这书一定在这儿，要不就是你丢失了。
■用于否定句中代替and。
He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明，也长得不好看。
比较：
They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。
They didn't sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。
■用于习语
The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。
They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1700个或更多部族构成。
There’s just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。
Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。
三、◆but的用法举例◆
1. 连接词或短语
It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。
He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢。
2. 连接句子
This isn’t a good one but it will answer. 这不太好，但可以将就用。
He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。
She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应。
The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在，但下面却没有水。
Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。
At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural. 开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了。
There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了。
3. 用于句首
But that question doesn’t arise. 但没发生那个问题。
But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。
But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?
But in the end he gave in. 但最后他还是让步了。
But there’s one thing we are agreed on. 但有一点大家的意见是一致的。
4. 用于道歉的表达之后
Sorry, but we’re behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。
I’m frightfully sorry, but I can’t see you today. 太对不起了，我今天不能见你。
Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s quite true. 很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入。
5. 用于not…but…，表示“不是……而是……”
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。
6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只……”：
He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。
She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。
You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。
No one but me saw her. 只有我看见他。
7. 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第……”
He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。
He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。
8. can’t help but 不由得不……
You can’t help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。
When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldn’t help but go. 他们给了他一张看球赛的票，他不由得不去。
I can’t help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。
【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然…但是…”直译为although…but…：
误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一个)
四、◆so 的用法举例◆
There are many places of interest for everyone, so why not go for a visit this year?
This morning I got up late, so I was late for school.
注意：so 虽然翻译为“所以”，但是其一个句子前不可以根据中文句式再加because.
第二部分
but 的用法
but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用，又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法，现对其用法作以下归纳。
一、用作连词
1. 用作等立连词，使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照，作“但是，然而，可是”解。例如：
She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后，表示谢绝或不赞成。例如：
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起，我不同意你的意见。
3. 用于两个并列的分句之间，与前面的否定词形成对比，作“无……而不……”解。例如：
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
我走过那所房子时，没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。
二、用作介词
1. 与 no ， nobody ， nothing ， none ， who 等词连用，作“除……之外”解，用来排除同类中的一分子，或从整体中除去一部分。例如：
Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外，没有人认识她。
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.
这个计划只能带来灾难，别无益处。
2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时， but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ；其前没有 do 的某种形式时， but 后面的不定式要带 to 。例如：
We had no choice but to wait.
除了等待，我们别无选择。
He did nothing all day long but watch TV.
一整天，他除了看电视，别无他事可做。
3. 与 last ， next 及 one ， two 等连用，作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如：
Jack was the last but one to arrive.
杰克是倒数第二个到达的。
三、用作副词
1. 意思上相当于 only ，后面跟名词或动词。例如：
Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子。
We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍。
2. but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时，不定式含肯定意义。例如：
I'm but too glad to go there with you.
我非常高兴和你一起去那里。
四、含 but 的习惯用语
1. but for ＝ without ，意为“要不是；如果没有”，意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句。例如：
But for the rain (If it hadn't rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
要不是天下雨，我们这次旅行就惬意了。
But for your help, we couldn't have carried out the plan.
如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能实现那个计划。
2. but that = except that ，意为“若非；要不是”，引导虚拟条件状语从句。例如：
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.
要不是他那时候没钱，他会帮助我的。
3. but then = on the other hand ，意为“不过；在另一方面”。例如：
London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment.
伦敦是个闹市，不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。
4. nothing but = only ，意为“只；不过是”。例如：
We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。
5. not … but …意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。例如：
My bag is not black but red.
我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败了，不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。
6. no … but 意为“没有……不……”。例如：
No child but likes Old Li in our village.
没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。
7. not only … but also … 意为“不但……而且……；既……又……”，连接两个并列成分。例如：
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.
不但你而且她也得参加这次会议。
He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.
他不但教我们英语，而且还为我们干别的事情。
8. not that … but that …意为“不是因为……而是因为……”。例如：
Not that the car is out of order, but that I've not learned to drive.
不是汽车出了故障，而是我还没有学会开车。
9. can't help but do … 意为“不能不……；忍不住……”。例如：
I can't help but cry. 我忍不住哭了。
10. all but 意为“除……外全都，几乎”。例如：
All but mother in my family can speak English.
除母亲外，我的一家人都会说英语。
His theory is all but correct. 他的理论几乎是正确的。
11. anything but 意为“不见得，决不”。例如：
He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长。
This car is anything but beautiful. 这辆小汽车根本不漂亮。
12. but now 意为“刚刚，适才”。例如：
I saw him in the office but now. 我刚刚看见他在办公室。
I heard the commander talk about you but now.
适才听得司令讲到您。
13. can (or could) but 意为“只能，只好”。例如：
His father can but know a few letters.
他的父亲只能认几个字母。
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick.
那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。
14. can (or could) not but 意为“不得不，忍不住”。例如：
I could not but tell him about it.
我不得不告诉他这件事。
Seeing her husband's funny face, she could not but laugh.
看见丈夫的滑稽面孔，她忍不住大笑起来。
15. cannot (or could not) choose but 意为“不得不，必须”。例如：
They could not choose but obey. 他们除了服从外别无选择。
16. never … but 意为“每当……就……”。例如：
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya.
每当见到王女士时，他就想起他的朋友小雅来。
Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money.
她兄弟来时，总是向她要钱。
17. next but one 意为“再下一个”。例如：
They used to live in the next house but one to me.
他们住在我隔壁的隔壁。
18. no one but 意为“除了……外，谁也不”。例如：
No one but a madman would say such words. 除了疯子，谁也不会说这样的话。
19. not so … (such a … ) but (that) …意为“没有到（不能……）”。例如：
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.
他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步。
I'm not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant.
我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步。
and的九大用法要点
1. 连接两个相同的比较级，表示“越来越……”。如：
It moves faster and faster. 它动得越来越快。
Your work is getting better and better. 你的工作干得越来越好了。
2. 连接两个相同的动词，表示动作的反复或连续。如：
He coughed and coughed. 他咳个不停。
He tried and tried but without success. 他试了又试，但没有成功。
3. 连接两个相同的名词，表示“许多”或“有各种各样的” (即有好的也有坏的)。如：
They talked for hours and hours. 他们谈了很长时间。
There are books and books. 有各种各样的书(即书有好坏之分)。
4.
在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay,
Come and have a look. 来看一看。
We will try and get one tomorrow. 我们明天设法弄一个来。
We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。
Will you go and fetch me some paper, please? 请你去给我拿点纸来好吗?
以上动词除 try 只能用原形外，其它动词都可有多种形式。如：
正：We stayed and had a drink with him. 我们留下来同他喝 了一杯。
正：We stopped and bought some flowers. 我们停下来买了些 花。
误：He tried and finished the work in time.
注：在 come, go 之后的 and 有时可以省略(尤其在美国英语中)。如：
I’ll come (and) see you later. 我晚些时候再来看你。
5. 用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”(暗示一种条件)。如：
Work hard and you’ll pass the examinations (=If you work
hard, you’ll pass the examinations). 努力吧，你考试会及格的。
Arrive late once more and you’re fired (=If you arrivelate once more, you’re fired). 再迟到一次，就把你开除。
有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果。如：
One more step and I will fire. 你再动一步，我就要开枪了。
6. 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”、“挺”。如：
It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。
The book is nice and expensive. 这本书很贵。
7. 在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加 and。如：
要是下雨，我们就呆在家里。
正：If it rains, we’ll stay at home.
误：If it rains, and we’ll stay at home.
8. 某些用 and 连接的两个词，与汉语顺序相反，不要按汉语词序颠倒过来。如：
rich
and poor
贫富
land and water 水陆
right and left
左右
north and south 南北
food
and drink
饮食
food and clothing 衣食
9. 比较以下各组句子有无连词 and 的差别：
天气晴朗，我们出去散了步。
正：The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
正：The weather was fine, and we went out for a walk.
教室里包括老师有五个人。
正：In the classroom there are five people, the teacher included.
正：In the classroom there are five people, and the teacher was included.
他有两个小孩，都很顽皮
正：He has two children, both of whom are naughty.
正：He has two children, and both of them are naughty.
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