否定意义的副词或副词短语引起的倒装

        某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，表示强调，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类副词或副词短语有：

never，seldom ， rarely

no sooner...than...

hardly／scarcely／ barely...when...

no，little，nowhere

not， hardly

no longer

not until

not only...but also...等等。

1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于进行"比较"，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Never before that night _______ the extent of my own power．
A）had I felt
C）did I feel
B）I felt
D）I had felt（CET-4，1988．6-61，选A）

2）_______ so many people in the U．S． been out of work as today．
A）More than ever before have
B）Formerly，there never were
C）Never before have
D）In the past，there never have （CET-4，1994．6-53，选C）

2、no sooner ．．．than，hardly ／scarcely／ barely ．．．when位于句首，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：

1）_______ his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean．
A）Hardly had he opened
B）No sooner did he open
C）Scarcely did he open
D）He had no sooner opened （CET-4，1994．6-59，选A）

 2）_______ she realized it was too late to go home．
 A）No sooner it grew dark than
 B）Hardly did it grow dark that
 C）Scarcely had it grown dark when
 D）It was until dark that （CET-4，2000．1-61，选C）

3、在由neither，nor开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）"的句子中，要求用倒装结构，neither，nor为"否定的附和"。例如：
1）The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，_______ ．
 A）and neither had the chairs
 B）and the chairs weren't either
 C）and not the chairs either
 D）and neither the chairs had been（CET-4，1994．6-46，选A）

 2）I could not persuade him to accept it， _______ make him see the importance of it．
 A）if only I could not
 B）no more than I could
C）or I could not
 D）nor could I （CET-4，1995．1-42，选D）

 3）The organization had broken no rules， but _______ had it acted responsibly．
 A）neither
 B）so
 C）either
 D）both （CET-4，1996．1-33，选A）
 但是，neither用作主语或主语的一部分时，不用倒装结构。例如：

 4）_______ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing．
 A）None
 B）Either
 C）Both
 D）Neither （CET-4，1994．1-52，选D）

 5）Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _______ ．
 A）has been accepted
 B）have been accepted
 C）was accepted
 D）were accepted （CET-4，1998．1-33，选C）

4、含有not until的强调句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。例如：
    1）Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground．
 A）had he arrived
 B）would he have arrived
 C）did he arrive
 D）should he have arrived （CET-4，2000．6-23，选C）

 2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation．

 5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。例如：
1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources．
2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country．

6、含有"no"、表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构。常见的这类介词短语有：at no point（决不），at no time，by no means，in no case，in no circumstances，in no sense，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account，on no consideration，under no circumstances，in no time（立刻），in vain（徒劳），not once，still less等等。例如：
    1）We have been told that under no circumstances_______the telephone in the office for personal affairs．
A）may we use
B）we may use
C）we could use
D）did we use （CET-4，1999．6-60，选A）

 2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first．