复合宾语和双宾语
(2013-09-05 19:22:26)
标签:
复合宾语和双宾语 |
分类: 语法专家 |
复合宾语和双宾语
一、it用作形式宾语的用法
I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
I like it that you came. 你来了,我很高兴。
I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。
You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。
Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 have, take, put, like
等
2. 动词 + it + when (if)-从句
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。
二、复合宾语
We call them
mooncakes.
We think him a clever boy.
Call me uncle, and I'll give you sweets.
2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find等。如:
At first I found Chinese hard. 开始的时候,我发现汉语很难。
This book made me
excited.
I found him
clever.
Doing excise keeps us healthy.
3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况:
1)接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 tell, want, ask, wish, teach, encourage, would prefer等。
如:
You tell him to come here the day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。
2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe, feel let, make, have等。如:
He made us laugh. 他使我们大笑。
I often hear him sing.
I often see Ma play basketball.
3)接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如:
She often helps her mother(to) do some housework. 她经常帮母亲做家务活。
4.
接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see,
In the country, he
can hear birds sing(ing) when he walks on the road.
He kept me waiting for a long time.
5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等。如:
The boy found his
pen on the floor
三、判断双宾语还是复合宾语
She give me a cup of tea . 她给了我一杯茶。
有时,间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。如:
She passed him the salt.
=She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。
Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.
= Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary for her yesterday. 昨天,她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。
下面几种情况,通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:
1. 当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如:
The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him. 这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。
2. 当强调间接宾语时。如:
Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母亲每天都为我们做早饭。
3. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如:
On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽车上,他经常把座位让给老人。
注:由to连接间接宾语的动词有:pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等;由for连接间接宾语的动词有: buy, cook, get, sing, make等。
双宾语——英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。
句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。
如:
My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。
双宾语用法要点:
1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语后面。
如:
He gave her some chips.
= He gave some chips to her.
2、以下几种情况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:
1)当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。
如:
This book is Mr Wang's. Please give it to him.
2)当强调间接宾语时。
如:
Mother cooks meals for us every day.
3)当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。
如:
On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person.
3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, show, pass, lend, take, tell等;
由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。
如:
He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。
复合宾语用法要点
1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等。
如:
We must keep our classroom clean.
2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。
如:
We call them mooncakes.
3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
如:In the country, we can hear birds singing.
4、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。
如:I left my pen on my desk at home.
5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;
如: She often asks me to help her.
接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let等。
如:I often see him play football.
如:
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
怎样区分"双宾语"和"复合宾语"?
看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系:如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关
系(或主表关系),那么该动词所接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。
如:
Who kept you waiting so long? (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系,因此you waiting是复合宾语。)